scholarly journals The facultative human oral pathogen Prevotella histicola in equine cheek tooth apical/ periapical infection: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Kau ◽  
Michael D. Mansfeld ◽  
Alexandra Šoba ◽  
Timo Zwick ◽  
Carsten Staszyk
Keyword(s):  
Cheek Tooth ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Thermoplastic Resin ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Oral Pathogen ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Obligate Anaerobic ◽  
Tooth Roots ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Background Prevotella histicola is a facultative oral pathogen that under certain conditions causes pathologies such as caries and periodontitis in humans. Prevotella spp. also colonize the oral cavity of horses and can cause disease, but P. histicola has not yet been identified. Case presentation A 12-year-old Tinker mare was referred to the clinic for persistent, malodorous purulent nasal discharge and quidding. Conservative antibiotic (penicillin), antiphlogistic (meloxicam), and mucolytic (dembrexine-hydrochloride) treatment prior to referral was unsuccessful and symptoms worsened. Oral examination, radiography, sino-/ rhinoscopy, and standing computed tomography revealed severe apical/ periapical infection of the upper cheek tooth 209 with accompanying unilateral sinonasal inflammation and conchal necrosis. The tooth exhibited extensive subocclusal mesial infundibular cemental hypoplasia and caries, and an occlusal fissure fracture. After mechanical debridement and thermoplastic resin filling of the spacious subocclusal carious infundibular lesion, the tooth was extracted intraorally. The sinusitis and conchal necrosis were treated transendoscopically. Selective bacteriological swab cultures of affected tooth roots and subsequent matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry showed an infection with the obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium P. histicola. Surgical intervention and adapted antibiotic therapy led to normal healing without complications. Conclusions This study provides the first documented case of dental infection in a horse caused by P. histicola at once indicating necessity of more sufficient microbiological diagnostics and targeted antibiotic treatment in equine dental practice. This finding is also conducive to understand species-specific Prevotella diversity and cross-species distribution.

scholarly journals Pneumonia due to Pandoraea Apista after evacuation of traumatic intracranial hematomas:a case report and literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanzhong Lin ◽  
Ning Luo ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Jianjun Zhang ◽  
Mengting Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Chinese Physicians ◽  
Level Identification

Abstract Background Pandoraea species is a newly described genus, which is multidrug resistant and difficult to identify. Clinical isolates are mostly cultured from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. CF is a rare disease in China, which makes Pandoraea a total stranger to Chinese physicians. Pandoraea genus is reported as an emerging pathogen in CF patients in most cases. However, there are few pieces of evidence that confirm Pandoraea can be more virulent in non-CF patients. The pathogenicity of Pandoraea genus is poorly understood, as well as its treatment. The incidence of Pandoraea induced infection in non-CF patients may be underestimated and it’s important to identify and understand these organisms. Case presentation We report a 44-years-old man who suffered from pneumonia and died eventually. Before his condition deteriorated, a Gram-negative bacilli was cultured from his sputum and identified as Pandoraea Apista by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Conclusion Pandoraea spp. is an emerging opportunistic pathogen. The incidences of Pandoraea related infection in non-CF patients may be underestimated due to the difficulty of identification. All strains of Pandoraea show multi-drug resistance and highly variable susceptibility. To better treatment, species-level identification and antibiotic susceptibility test are necessary.

scholarly journals Relevance of anaerobic bacteremia in adult patients: A never-ending story?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márió Gajdács ◽  
Edit Urbán
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Laser Desorption Ionization ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Obligate Anaerobic ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
High Level

AbstractObligate anaerobic bacteria are considered important constituents of the microbiota of humans; in addition, they are also important etiological agents in some focal or invasive infections and bacteremia with a high level of mortality. Conflicting data have accumulated over the last decades regarding the extent in which these pathogens play an intrinsic role in bloodstream infections. Clinical characteristics of anaerobic bloodstream infections do not differ from bacteremia caused by other pathogens, but due to their longer generation time and rigorous growth requirements, it usually takes longer to establish the etiological diagnosis. The introduction of matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has represented a technological revolution in microbiological diagnostics, which has allowed for the fast, accurate and reliable identification of anaerobic bacteria at a low sample cost. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the currently available literature data on the prevalence of anaerobic bacteremia in adults for physicians and clinical microbiologists and to shed some light on the complexity of this topic nowadays.

scholarly journals Advancements in Characterizing Tenacibaculum Infections in Canada

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Nowlan ◽  
John S. Lumsden ◽  
Spencer Russell
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Identification Techniques ◽  
Sequence Similarities ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Tenacibaculum is a genus of gram negative, marine, filamentous bacteria, associated with the presence of disease (tenacibaculosis) at aquaculture sites worldwide; however, infections induced by this genus are poorly characterized. Documents regarding the genus Tenacibaculum and close relatives were compiled for a literature review, concentrating on ecology, identification, and impacts of potentially pathogenic species, with a focus on Atlantic salmon in Canada. Tenacibaculum species likely have a cosmopolitan distribution, but local distributions around aquaculture sites are unknown. Eight species of Tenacibaculum are currently believed to be related to numerous mortality events of fishes and few mortality events in bivalves. The clinical signs in fishes often include epidermal ulcers, atypical behaviors, and mortality. Clinical signs in bivalves often include gross ulcers and discoloration of tissues. The observed disease may differ based on the host, isolate, transmission route, and local environmental conditions. Species-specific identification techniques are limited; high sequence similarities using conventional genes (16S rDNA) indicate that new genes should be investigated. Annotating full genomes, next-generation sequencing, multilocus sequence analysis/typing (MLSA/MLST), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), and fatty acid methylesters (FAME) profiles could be further explored for identification purposes. However, each aforementioned technique has disadvantages. Since tenacibaculosis has been observed world-wide in fishes and other eukaryotes, and the disease has substantial economic impacts, continued research is needed.

scholarly journals Empyema necessitans with osteomyelitis of fifth rib due to Nocardia farcinica: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapnil Tripathi ◽  
Durga Shankar Meena ◽  
Amit Kumar Rohila ◽  
Neetha T.R. ◽  
Vidhi Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Surrounding Soft Tissue ◽  
Nocardia Species ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Nocardia Farcinica ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Common

Abstract Background Empyema necessitans is a rare pulmonary condition described as the presence of pus in the pleural cavity with insidious extension into the surrounding soft tissue. The common microbial aetiology of empyema necessitans is tuberculosis. Nocardiosis a cause of empyema necessitans is rarely described in the literature. We herein present a case of an 80-year-old male with empyema necessitans with osteomyelitis of rib caused by Nocardia farcinica. Case presentation An 80-year-old male presented with complaints of soft swelling on the left lower posterior chest wall associated with dry cough and breathlessness on exertion. Computed Tomography (CT) thorax demonstrated empyema necessitans with features of left fifth rib osteomyelitis. Radiological guided aspiration of the chest wall collection revealed Nocardia species and surgical drainage of abscess was performed. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) identified the isolate as Nocardia farcinica. He was treated with three-drug regimen: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amikacin and ceftriaxone for 2 weeks. After showing improvement patient was discharged and advised to take oral Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the next 6 months with periodic follow-up. Conclusions As our case demonstrates, the possibility of invasive Nocardiosis should not be overlooked even in immunocompetent patients. Clinicians should aware of this rare entity while treating patients with empyema necessitans.

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