scholarly journals Empyema necessitans with osteomyelitis of fifth rib due to Nocardia farcinica: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapnil Tripathi ◽  
Durga Shankar Meena ◽  
Amit Kumar Rohila ◽  
Neetha T.R. ◽  
Vidhi Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Surrounding Soft Tissue ◽  
Nocardia Species ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Nocardia Farcinica ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Common

Abstract Background Empyema necessitans is a rare pulmonary condition described as the presence of pus in the pleural cavity with insidious extension into the surrounding soft tissue. The common microbial aetiology of empyema necessitans is tuberculosis. Nocardiosis a cause of empyema necessitans is rarely described in the literature. We herein present a case of an 80-year-old male with empyema necessitans with osteomyelitis of rib caused by Nocardia farcinica. Case presentation An 80-year-old male presented with complaints of soft swelling on the left lower posterior chest wall associated with dry cough and breathlessness on exertion. Computed Tomography (CT) thorax demonstrated empyema necessitans with features of left fifth rib osteomyelitis. Radiological guided aspiration of the chest wall collection revealed Nocardia species and surgical drainage of abscess was performed. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) identified the isolate as Nocardia farcinica. He was treated with three-drug regimen: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amikacin and ceftriaxone for 2 weeks. After showing improvement patient was discharged and advised to take oral Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the next 6 months with periodic follow-up. Conclusions As our case demonstrates, the possibility of invasive Nocardiosis should not be overlooked even in immunocompetent patients. Clinicians should aware of this rare entity while treating patients with empyema necessitans.

scholarly journals Pneumonia due to Pandoraea Apista after evacuation of traumatic intracranial hematomas:a case report and literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanzhong Lin ◽  
Ning Luo ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Jianjun Zhang ◽  
Mengting Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Chinese Physicians ◽  
Level Identification

Abstract Background Pandoraea species is a newly described genus, which is multidrug resistant and difficult to identify. Clinical isolates are mostly cultured from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. CF is a rare disease in China, which makes Pandoraea a total stranger to Chinese physicians. Pandoraea genus is reported as an emerging pathogen in CF patients in most cases. However, there are few pieces of evidence that confirm Pandoraea can be more virulent in non-CF patients. The pathogenicity of Pandoraea genus is poorly understood, as well as its treatment. The incidence of Pandoraea induced infection in non-CF patients may be underestimated and it’s important to identify and understand these organisms. Case presentation We report a 44-years-old man who suffered from pneumonia and died eventually. Before his condition deteriorated, a Gram-negative bacilli was cultured from his sputum and identified as Pandoraea Apista by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Conclusion Pandoraea spp. is an emerging opportunistic pathogen. The incidences of Pandoraea related infection in non-CF patients may be underestimated due to the difficulty of identification. All strains of Pandoraea show multi-drug resistance and highly variable susceptibility. To better treatment, species-level identification and antibiotic susceptibility test are necessary.

scholarly journals The facultative human oral pathogen Prevotella histicola in equine cheek tooth apical/ periapical infection: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Kau ◽  
Michael D. Mansfeld ◽  
Alexandra Šoba ◽  
Timo Zwick ◽  
Carsten Staszyk
Keyword(s):  
Cheek Tooth ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Thermoplastic Resin ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Oral Pathogen ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Obligate Anaerobic ◽  
Tooth Roots ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Background Prevotella histicola is a facultative oral pathogen that under certain conditions causes pathologies such as caries and periodontitis in humans. Prevotella spp. also colonize the oral cavity of horses and can cause disease, but P. histicola has not yet been identified. Case presentation A 12-year-old Tinker mare was referred to the clinic for persistent, malodorous purulent nasal discharge and quidding. Conservative antibiotic (penicillin), antiphlogistic (meloxicam), and mucolytic (dembrexine-hydrochloride) treatment prior to referral was unsuccessful and symptoms worsened. Oral examination, radiography, sino-/ rhinoscopy, and standing computed tomography revealed severe apical/ periapical infection of the upper cheek tooth 209 with accompanying unilateral sinonasal inflammation and conchal necrosis. The tooth exhibited extensive subocclusal mesial infundibular cemental hypoplasia and caries, and an occlusal fissure fracture. After mechanical debridement and thermoplastic resin filling of the spacious subocclusal carious infundibular lesion, the tooth was extracted intraorally. The sinusitis and conchal necrosis were treated transendoscopically. Selective bacteriological swab cultures of affected tooth roots and subsequent matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry showed an infection with the obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium P. histicola. Surgical intervention and adapted antibiotic therapy led to normal healing without complications. Conclusions This study provides the first documented case of dental infection in a horse caused by P. histicola at once indicating necessity of more sufficient microbiological diagnostics and targeted antibiotic treatment in equine dental practice. This finding is also conducive to understand species-specific Prevotella diversity and cross-species distribution.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of the Genes Involved in Glycosylation Pathways of Mycobacterial Glycopeptidolipid Biosynthesis

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Miyamoto ◽  
Tetsu Mukai ◽  
Noboru Nakata ◽  
Yumi Maeda ◽  
Masanori Kai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Common ◽  
Glycosylation Pathway ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Identification And Characterization

ABSTRACT Glycopeptidolipids (GPLs) are major components present on the outer layers of the cell walls of several nontuberculous mycobacteria. GPLs are antigenic molecules and have variant oligosaccharides in mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium avium. In this study, we identified four genes (gtf1, gtf2, gtf3, and gtf4) in the genome of Mycobacterium smegmatis. These genes were independently inactivated by homologous recombination in M. smegmatis, and the structures of GPLs from each gene disruptant were analyzed. Thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses revealed that the mutants Δgtf1 and Δgtf2 accumulated the fatty acyl-tetrapeptide core having O-methyl-rhamnose and 6-deoxy-talose as sugar residues, respectively. The mutant Δgtf4 possessed the same GPLs as the wild type, whereas the mutant Δgtf3 lacked two minor GPLs, consisting of 3-O-methyl-rhamnose attached to O-methyl-rhamnose of the fatty acyl-tetrapeptide core. These results indicate that the gtf1 and gtf2 genes are responsible for the early glycosylation steps of GPL biosynthesis and the gtf3 gene is involved in transferring a rhamnose residue not to 6-deoxy-talose but to an O-methyl-rhamnose residue. Moreover, a complementation experiment showed that M. avium gtfA and gtfB, which are deduced glycosyltransferase genes of GPL biosynthesis, restore complete GPL production in the mutants Δgtf1 and Δgtf2, respectively. Our findings propose that both M. smegmatis and M. avium have the common glycosylation pathway in the early steps of GPL biosynthesis but differ at the later stages.

Idiopathic CD4 T-Cell Lymphocytopenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta Cheung ◽  
Miriam Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Disorder ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
The Common

Importance: Idiopathic CD4 T-cell lymphocytopenia (ICL) is an immunodeficiency disorder that presents with a decrease in CD4+ T cells without evidence of a human immunodeficiency virus infection. It is most commonly diagnosed after a patient presents with an opportunistic infection and can also be associated with malignancies and autoimmune diseases. This case presentation and literature review highlights the common skin findings in patients with ICL, mainly recalcitrant warts, and discusses the treatment options available. Observations: The patient described is the youngest reported with ICL presenting with isolated cutaneous findings of recalcitrant warts and psoriasis. Many treatment options were tried for the warts, with the most significant response to acitretin. Conclusions and Relevance: This case highlights the importance of considering underlying immunodeficiency in patients with recalcitrant warts as well as developing treatment plans. Such patients require close follow-up by both dermatology and immunology to monitor for the development of other diseases related to ICL.

scholarly journals One-Year Follow-Up Of Isolated Trapezoid Fracture From Occult Trauma: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (07) ◽  
pp. 4865-4867
Author(s):  
Sitthiphong Suwannaphisit ◽  
Porames Suwanno ◽  
Boonsin Tangtrakulwanich
Keyword(s):  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Cast Immobilization ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Dominant Female ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fitness Training ◽  
One Year

Background Herein we present a rare case of isolated trapezoid fracture from occult trauma and review this type of fracture as related to sports injuries. The common presentation of occult trauma is important and proper imaging will lead to accurate diagnosis and consequent treatment with excellent results.   Case presentation A 28-year-old right hand-dominant female presented with pain in her right hand for 1 week following a boxing class in fitness training. She was diagnosed as isolated trapezoid fracture. She was successfully treated with short arm cast immobilization for 3 weeks and a moveable wrist splint for 3 weeks with activity modification. A one year follow up confirmed excellent clinical results.   Conclusion Isolated sports-related trapezoid fractures are rare and the diagnosis is usually missed. Advanced imaging can be helpful. Following conservative treatment our patient was able to return to normal activities and continued to have no problems at the 1 year follow up.  

scholarly journals The Effect of Glyphosate And Ciprofloxacin Eexposure On The Gut Bacterial Microbiota Diversity of Rhinella Arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae) Tadpoles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Paula Cuzziol Boccioni ◽  
Guillermo García-Effron ◽  
Paola M. Peltzer ◽  
Rafael Carlos Lajmanovich
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Common Toad ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Amphibian Community ◽  
The Common ◽  
Rhinella Arenarum ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

Abstract The high load of agrochemicals and antibiotics coexisting in aquatic environments within agroecosystems represents a risk for wildlife. As the gut microbiota plays a key role on its host’s functioning and is sensitive to a wide variety of pollutants, its study allows evaluating organisms’ health and therefore, the ecosystem. We studied toxic effects of commercial formulations of a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) and the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) on gut bacterial microbiota diversity of the common toad (Rhinella arenarum) tadpoles, considered a sentinel species. The study was carried out by classic microbiological analysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. The microbiota from GBH treatment had greater taxa diversity and richness, including some genera, such as Proteus spp. and Yersinia spp. that were absent in control. In contrast, microbiota from CIP treatment registered a decrease of diversity indexes, dominance of Aeromonas spp. and presence of Leclercia spp. The GBH-CIP treatment showed changes in taxa composition, including decrease of Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. and trends of individual pollutant treatments. For all cases, changes in the composition of bacterial community (dysbiosis) were linked to a significant decrease in tadpoles’ weight. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the disruption of gut bacterial microbiota of tadpoles by a mixture of two contaminants of emerging concern worldwide. These findings contribute to understanding how the presence of two co-occurring pollutants in freshwaters results in deleterious effects on the amphibian community and potentially affect the microbiota of those environments.

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