scholarly journals Molecular characterization of the FCoV-like canine coronavirus HLJ-071 in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhige Tian ◽  
Qing Pan ◽  
Miaomiao Zheng ◽  
Ying Deng ◽  
Peng Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Cell Tropism ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
S Gene ◽  
Canine Coronavirus ◽  
Complete Sequences

Abstract Background According to the differences of antigen and genetic composition, canine coronavirus (CCoV) consists of two genotypes, CCoV-I and CCoV-II. Since 2004, CCoVs with point mutations or deletions of NSPs are contributing to the changes in tropism and virulence in dogs. Results In this study, we isolated a CCoV, designated HLJ-071, from a dead 5-week-old female Welsh Corgi with severe diarrhea and vomit. Sequence analysis suggested that HLJ-071 bearing a complete ORF3abc compared with classic CCoV isolates (1-71, K378 and S378). In addition, a variable region was located between S gene and ORF 3a gene, in which a deletion with 104 nts for HLJ-071 when compared with classic CCoV strains 1-71, S378 and K378. Phylogenetic analysis based on the S gene and complete sequences showed that HLJ-071 was closely related to FCoV II. Recombination analysis suggested that HLJ-071 originated from the recombination of FCoV 79-1683, FCoV DF2 and CCoV A76. Finally, according to cell tropism experiments, it suggested that HLJ-071 could replicate in canine macrophages/monocytes cells. Conclusion The present study involved the isolation and genetic characterization of a variant CCoV strain and spike protein and ORF3abc of CCoV might play a key role in viral tropism, which could affect the replication in monocyte/macrophage cells. It will provide essential information for further understanding the evolution in China.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of the FCoV-like Canine Coronavirus HLJ-071 in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhige Tian ◽  
Miaomiao Zheng ◽  
Ying Deng ◽  
Dandan Gou ◽  
Peng Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Variable Region ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Cell Tropism ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
S Gene ◽  
Canine Coronavirus ◽  
Complete Sequences ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

Abstract Background According to differences in antigens and genetic composition, canine coronavirus (CCoV) consists of two genotypes, CCoV-Ⅰ and CCoV-Ⅱ. Recently, CCoVs with mutant variations have been found to be pantropic and pathogenic in dogs. Results In this study, we isolated a CCoV, designated HLJ-071, from a dead 5-week-old female Welsh Corgi with severe diarrhea and vomiting. Sequence analysis suggested that HLJ-071 bears a complete ORF3abc when compared with classic CCoV isolates (1–71, K378 and S378). In addition, a variable region was located between the S gene and the open reading frames (ORF) 3a gene, in which HLJ-071 has a deletion of 104 nucleotides (nts) when compared with classic CCoV strains 1–71, S378 and K378. Phylogenetic analysis based on the S gene and complete sequences showed that HLJ-071 is closely related to Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) II. Recombination analysis suggested that HLJ-071 originated from the recombination of FCoV 79-1683, FCoV DF2 and CCoV A76. Finally, cell tropism experiments suggested that HLJ-071 is able to replicate in canine macrophages/monocytes. Conclusion The present study involved the isolation and genetic characterization of a variant CCoV strain. The spike protein and ORF3abc of CCoV might play a key role in viral tropism, which could affect replication in monocyte/macrophage cells. This will provide essential information for further understanding the evolution of CCoV in China.

scholarly journals Antigenic and genetic characterization of rabies viruses isolated from domestic and wild animals of Brazil identifies the hoary fox as a rabies reservoir

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 3153-3162 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bernardi ◽  
S. A. Nadin-Davis ◽  
A. I. Wandeler ◽  
J. Armstrong ◽  
A. A. B. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Central Variable Region ◽  
Vampire Bats

Fifty Brazilian rabies viruses, collected from many different animal species and several regions of the country, were characterized by partial sequencing of the central, variable region of the P gene, a locus useful for sensitive molecular epidemiological studies. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences, which included comparison with other rabies strains recovered from throughout the Americas, identified three main groups of Brazilian viruses, arbitrarily designated BRL-1 to BRL-3. BRL-1 was found in terrestrial carnivores and clusters with other American strains of the cosmopolitan lineage. BRL-2 comprised two distinct isolates, recovered from two species of non-haematophagous bats, that had evolutionary links to insectivorous-bat-derived strains of North America. BRL-3 consisted of isolates from vampire bats and from livestock species probably infected via contact with vampire bats. The terrestrial group was further subdivided into three subtypes: BRL-1a was associated exclusively with dogs and cats, while BRL-1b and BRL-1c were found exclusively in hoary foxes. These observations strongly support the role of the Brazilian hoary fox as a rabies reservoir. Screening of representative Brazilian rabies viruses against a collection of anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) identified a small panel of mAbs that could be used to discriminate between all Brazilian subgroups as defined by genetic classification in this study.

scholarly journals Identification of Canine Coronavirus Strains from Feces by S Gene Nested PCR and Molecular Characterization of a New Australian Isolate

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1036-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Naylor ◽  
G. A. Harrison ◽  
R. P. Monckton ◽  
S. McOrist ◽  
P. R. Lehrbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Australian Isolate ◽  
S Gene ◽  
Canine Coronavirus

scholarly journals Biologic, Antigenic, and Full-Length Genomic Characterization of a Bovine-Like Coronavirus Isolated from a Giraffe

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 4981-4990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Hasoksuz ◽  
Konstantin Alekseev ◽  
Anastasia Vlasova ◽  
Xinsheng Zhang ◽  
David Spiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Adaptive Mutations ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Wild Ruminants

ABSTRACT Coronaviruses (CoVs) possess large RNA genomes and exist as quasispecies, which increases the possibility of adaptive mutations and interspecies transmission. Recently, CoVs were recognized as important pathogens in captive wild ruminants. This is the first report of the isolation and detailed genetic, biologic, and antigenic characterization of a bovine-like CoV from a giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) in a wild-animal park in the United States. CoV particles were detected by immune electron microscopy in fecal samples from three giraffes with mild-to-severe diarrhea. From one of the three giraffe samples, a CoV (GiCoV-OH3) was isolated and successfully adapted to serial passage in human rectal tumor 18 cell cultures. Hemagglutination assays, receptor-destroying enzyme activity, hemagglutination inhibition, and fluorescence focus neutralization tests revealed close biological and antigenic relationships between the GiCoV-OH3 isolate and selected respiratory and enteric bovine CoV (BCoV) strains. When orally inoculated into a BCoV-seronegative gnotobiotic calf, GiCoV-OH3 caused severe diarrhea and virus shedding within 2 to 3 days. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses were performed to assess its genetic relatedness to other CoVs. Molecular characterization confirmed that the new isolate belongs to group 2a of the mammalian CoVs and revealed closer genetic relatedness between GiCoV-OH3 and the enteric BCoVs BCoV-ENT and BCoV-DB2, whereas BCoV-Mebus was more distantly related. Detailed sequence analysis of the GiCoV-OH3 spike gene demonstrated the presence of a deletion in the variable region of the S1 subunit (from amino acid 543 to amino acid 547), which is a region associated with pathogenicity and tissue tropism for other CoVs. The point mutations identified in the structural proteins (by comparing GiCoV-OH3, BCoV-ENT, BCoV-DB2, and BCoV-Mebus) were most conserved among GiCoV-OH3, BCoV-ENT, and BCoV-DB2, whereas most of the point mutations in the nonstructural proteins were unique to GiCoV-OH3. Our results confirm the existence of a bovine-like CoV transmissible to cattle from wild ruminants, namely, giraffes, but with certain genetic properties different from those of BCoVs.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of a Variant Subgroup GII-a Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Strain in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhige Tian ◽  
Yuexiao Lian ◽  
Xiaoliang Hu ◽  
Yue Shi ◽  
Feng Cong
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Recombination Analysis ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Abstract Background: Since 2010, variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has emerged in several provinces of China. The variant strain causes high mortality of newborn piglets, which has resulted in severe economic losses to the pork breeding industry.Results: A variant PEDV strain, SC-YB73, was isolated and identified in China. Pathological observation showed atrophy of villi and edema in the lamina propria. Sequence analysis indicated that six nucleotides were inserted in the E gene, which was first detected in PEDV strains. Furthermore, fifty nucleotide sites were unique in SC-YB73, when compared with another 28 PEDV strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome showed that SC-YB73 was clustered in the variant subgroup GII-a, which is widely prevalent in the pig population in China. Recombination analysis suggested that SC-YB73 originated from the recombination of GDS47, TW/Yunlin550/2018, and COL/Cundinamarca/2014.Conclusion: The present study involved the isolation and genetic characterization of a variant PEDV strain. It will provide essential information for the control of PED outbreaks in China.

Detection and genetic characterization of Canine parvovirus and Canine coronavirus strains circulating in district of Tirana in Albania

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Cavalli ◽  
Costantina Desario ◽  
Ilir Kusi ◽  
Viviana Mari ◽  
Eleonora Lorusso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Canine Coronavirus

scholarly journals Isolation and Genetic Characterization of African Swine Fever Virus from Domestic Pig Farms in South Korea, 2019

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Hyun-Joo Kim ◽  
Ki-Hyun Cho ◽  
Ji-Hyoung Ryu ◽  
Min-Kyung Jang ◽  
Ha-Gyeong Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Tandem Repeat Sequences ◽  
Central Variable Region ◽  
Pig Farm

On 17 September 2019, the first outbreak of African swine fever in a pig farm was confirmed in South Korea. By 9 October, 14 outbreaks of ASF in domestic pigs had been diagnosed in 4 cities/counties. We isolated viruses from all infected farms and performed genetic characterization. The phylogenetic analysis showed that all of fourteen ASFV isolates in South Korea belong to genotype II and serogroup 8. Additionally, all isolates had an intergenic region (IGR) II variant with additional tandem repeat sequences (TRSs) between the I73R and I329L genes and showed characteristics of central variable region (CVR) 1 of the B602L gene and IGR 1 of MGF 505 9R/10R genes. These are identical to the genetic characteristics of some European isolates and Chinese isolates.

Detection of eight Cryptosporidium genotypes in surface and waste waters in Europe

Parasitology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. I. WARD ◽  
P. DEPLAZES ◽  
W. REGLI ◽  
H. RINDER ◽  
A. MATHIS
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Epidemiological Significance ◽  
Ubiquitous Presence

Cryptosporidia are important protozoan parasites of vertebrates, and a number of species and genotypes, with different host ranges, have been described. In this study a protocol was established for the detection and the genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. isolated from various types of surface waters (rivers, creeks, lakes, sewage plant in- and outlets and swimming pools) from the area between Zurich (Switzerland) and Munich (Germany). Cryptosporidium oocysts were isolated by continuous-flow-centrifugation and immunomagnetic separation (IMS). A novel nested PCR combined with direct sequencing of the amplicon which spans a variable region of the 18S rRNA allowed characterization of species and genotypes. Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 23 of the 68 water samples investigated. Almost half of these isolates represent species and genotypes known to be pathogenic to man, namely C. parvum ‘bovine genotype’ (from 6 samples) and C. parvum ‘human genotype’ (4). Furthermore, we identified C. muris ‘genotype A’ (3), C. muris ‘genotype B’ (6), C. baileyi (1) as well as 3 novel Cryptosporidium genotypes. Our results confirm the ubiquitous presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in surface waters. The detection of a variety of species and genotypes stresses the importance that molecular characterization is indispensable before drawing conclusions of medical or epidemiological significance.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae translational initiation suppressors sui1, sui2 and SUI3 and their effects on HIS4 expression.

Genetics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Castilho-Valavicius ◽  
H Yoon ◽  
T F Donahue
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Translation Initiation ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Base Change ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Translational Initiation ◽  
Initiator Codon

Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains containing mutations of the HIS4 translation initiation AUG codon were studied by reversion analysis in an attempt to identify components of the translation initiation complex that might participate in initiation site selection during the scanning process. The genetic characterization of these revertants identified three unlinked suppressor loci: SUI1, SUI2 and sui3, which when mutated restored the expression of the HIS4 allele despite the absence of the AUG initiator codon. Both sui1 and sui2 are recessive and cause temperature-sensitive growth on enriched medium. The temperature-sensitive phenotype and the ability to restore HIS4 expression associated with either sui1 or sui2 mutations cosegregate in crosses. SUI3 mutations are dominant and do not alter the thermal profile for growth. None of the mutations at the three loci suppresses known frameshift, missense or nonsense mutations. Each is capable of suppressing the nine different point mutations of the initiator codon at HIS4 or HIS4-lacZ as well as a two base change (ACC) and a three base deletion of the AUG codon, suggesting that the site of suppression resides outside the normal initiator region. sui1 and sui2 suppressor mutations were mapped to chromosomes XIV and X, respectively. Suppression by sui1, sui2 and SUI3 mutations results in 14-, 11- and 47-fold increases, respectively, relative to isogenic parent strains, in the expression of a HIS4 allele lacking the initiator AUG codon. Part of this increase in the HIS4 expression by sui2 and SUI3 can be attributed to increases of HIS4 mRNA levels, presumably mediated by perturbation of the general amino acid control system of yeast.

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