Trichostrongyloid nematodes in ruminants of northern Iran: prevalence and molecular analysis

Abstract Background This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and analyze the molecular characteristics based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 2 region of the ribosomal RNA (RNA) gene of trichostrongylid nematodes in different ruminants from Guilan province, northern of Iran. Methods The gastrointestinal tracts of 144 ruminants including 72 cattle, 59 sheep, and 13 goats were collected from an abattoir in Guilan province during July to September 2018. After isolation the helminths, male specimens were identified based on morphological parameters. PCR and partial sequencing of the ITS2 fragment were conducted. After phylogenetic analysis, the intraspecific and interspecific differences were calculated. Results The prevalence of total infections with the nematodes was 38.9, 74.6 and 84.6% among cattle, sheep and goats, respectively. Eleven species of trichostrongylid nematodes including Haemonchus contortus, Marshallagia marshalli, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Ostertagia trifurcata, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Marshallagia occidentalis, O. lyrata, O. ostertagi, and Cooperia punctate were recovered from the ruminants. The most prevalent trichostrongyloid nematodes in cattle, sheep and goats were O. ostertagi (26.4%), M. marshalli (64.4%) and T. circumcincta (69.2%), respectively. Phylogenetic tree was discriminative for Trichostrongylidae family, while phylogenetic analysis of the ITS2 gene represented low variations and no species identification of Haemonchidae and Cooperiidae families. Conclusions This study suggests the high prevalence and species diversity of trichostrongyloid nematodes in different ruminants, indicating the importance of implement antiparasitic strategies in north regions of Iran. As well, this study showed that the ITS2 fragment is not a discriminative marker for Haemonchidae and Cooperiidae families, and investigation of other genetic markers such as mitochondrial genes would be more valuable for better understanding of their phylogenetic relationships.

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Zoonotic transmission of Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus species in Guilan province, northern Iran: molecular and morphological characterizations

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-020-4762-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Keyhan Ashrafi ◽

Meysam Sharifdini ◽

Zahra Heidari ◽

Behnaz Rahmati ◽

Eshrat Beigom Kia

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Far East ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Male Adult ◽

Nucleotide Sequence Data ◽

Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽

Guilan Province

Abstract Background Parasitic trichostrongyloid nematodes have a worldwide distribution in ruminants and frequently have been reported from humans in Middle and Far East, particularly in rural communities with poor personal hygiene and close cohabitation with herbivorous animals. Different species of the genus Trichostrongylus are the most common trichostrongyloids in humans in endemic areas. Also, Ostertagia species are gastrointestinal nematodes that mainly infect cattle, sheep and goats and in rare occasion humans. The aim of the present study was to identify the trichostrongyloid nematodes obtained from a familial infection in Guilan province, northern Iran, using morphological and molecular criteria. Methods After anthelmintic treatment, all fecal materials of the patients were collected up to 48 h and male adult worms were isolated. Morphological identification of the adult worms was performed using valid nematode keys. Genomic DNA was extracted from one male worm of each species. PCR amplification of ITS2-rDNA region was carried out, and products were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence data was performed using MEGA 6.0 software. Results Adult worms expelled from the patients were identified as T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus and Teladorsagia circumcincta based on morphological characteristics of the males. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated that each species obtained in current study was placed together with reference sequences submitted to GenBank database. Conclusions The finding of current study confirms the zoonotic aspect of Trichostrongylus species and T. circumcincta in inhabitants of Guilan province. The occurrence of natural human infection by T. circumcincta is reported for the first time in Iran and the second time in the world.

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Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Babesia ovis Isolated from Sheep and Goats in Erbil Province, Kurdistan Region- Iraq

Polytechnic Journal ◽

10.25156/ptj.v10n2y2020.pp98-104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 98-104

Author(s):

Zuber I. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Continuous Monitoring ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Kurdistan Region ◽

Rrna Sequence ◽

Sheep And Goats ◽

Diagnostic Assays ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

Blood Smears ◽

Babesia Ovis

A total of 143 blood smears were obtained from sheep and goats (n = 98) and (n = 45), respectively, by jugular venipuncture between February 2019 and December 2019. Samples were examined for parasite occurrences. Results reveal that the prevalence of infection by the parasite was 12.24% and 11.11%, respectively (microscopically), while 20.41% sheep and 17.78% goats (molecular-based identification using 18S SSU rRNA sequence). Both methods revealed the specificity and sensitivity of the diagnostic assays. Phylogenetic analysis of Babesia ovis (MN309736-MN309745) displays that the pathogens identified in this study are clustered together, which indicating similar molecular characteristics. Overall, these results provide a better understanding that Babesiosis is highly prevalent in the study area and continuous monitoring of tick-borne pathogen in sheep and goats are essentially required in Erbil Province.

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High Prevalence of Three Potyviruses Infecting Cucurbits in Oklahoma and Phylogenetic Analysis of Cucurbit Aphid-Borne Yellows Virus Isolated from Pumpkins

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10010053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Vivek Khanal ◽

Harrington Wells ◽

Akhtar Ali

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

High Prevalence ◽

The Us ◽

Close Relationship ◽

The Status ◽

Low Incidence

Field information about viruses infecting crops is fundamental for understanding the severity of the effects they cause in plants. To determine the status of cucurbit viruses, surveys were conducted for three consecutive years (2016–2018) in different agricultural districts of Oklahoma. A total of 1331 leaf samples from >90 fields were randomly collected from both symptomatic and asymptomatic cucurbit plants across 11 counties. All samples were tested with the dot-immunobinding assay (DIBA) against the antisera of 10 known viruses. Samples infected with papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-W), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), and cucurbit aphid-borne-yellows virus (CABYV) were also tested by RT-PCR. Of the 10 viruses, PRSV-W was the most widespread, with an overall prevalence of 59.1%, present in all 11 counties, followed by ZYMV (27.6%), in 10 counties, and WMV (20.7%), in seven counties, while the remaining viruses were present sporadically with low incidence. Approximately 42% of the infected samples were positive, with more than one virus indicating a high proportion of mixed infections. CABYV was detected for the first time in Oklahoma, and the phylogenetic analysis of the first complete genome sequence of a CABYV isolate (BL-4) from the US showed a close relationship with Asian isolates.

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First Insight into Groundwater Copepods of the Polish Lowland

Water ◽

10.3390/w13152086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 2086

Author(s):

Maciej Karpowicz ◽

Sabina Smolska ◽

Magdalena Świsłocka ◽

Joanna Moroz

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Dna Markers ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Morphological Description ◽

Single Plate ◽

North Eastern ◽

Insight Into

Our results are the first insight into groundwater copepods of the Polish Lowland. The sampling was conducted in 28 wells in north-eastern Poland, and Copepoda were present in 16 wells. We have identified six Copepoda species and one Cladocera. We have classified four species as stygophiles—Eucyclops serrulatus, Diacyclops bisetosus, Diacyclops crassicaudis, and Cyclops furcifer. These species were frequently found in studied wells of different regions of north-eastern Poland, often in high numbers, and females with egg sacs were observed. We present a detailed morphological description of these species, together with molecular characteristics based on mitochondrial DNA markers (COI gene) for E. serrulatus, D. bisetosus, and D. crassicaudis, and 12S ribosomal RNA for C. furcifer. We also present the development of abnormal structures in one specimen of D. crassicaudis, where the upper part of furcal rami was fused to form a single plate.

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Morphological and Phylogenetic Analysis of Eustrongylides sp. and Gnathostoma spinigerum Parasitizing the Asian Swamp Eel Monopterusalbus in China

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10060711 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 711

Author(s):

Sixin Zhang ◽

Guangping Huang ◽

Liang Li ◽

Xianyong Liu ◽

Xiaoli Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Coi Gene ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Mean Intensity ◽

Gnathostoma Spinigerum ◽

Zoonotic Parasite ◽

Third Stage ◽

Parasite Infections ◽

Asian Swamp Eel ◽

Swamp Eel

Nematode infections transmitted to humans by the consumption of wild or cultured eels are increasingly being reported. In the present study, 120 Asian swamp eel, Monopterus albus (Zuiew), individuals collected from China were examined for parasite infections, and 78 larval nematodes were isolated. Morphological and molecular characteristics, including sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene regions, were employed to identify these nematodes at the lowest taxonomic level possible. Asian swamp eel was infected with two zoonotic parasite taxa: Gnathostoma spinigerum advanced third-stage larvae, with 6.67% prevalence and mean intensity = 1.25, and Eustrongylides sp. fourth-stage larvae, with 26.67% prevalence and mean intensity = 2.13. These findings evidence the need to enhance public hygiene and food safety awareness toward eel consumption

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Molecular epidemiology of norovirus from patients with acute gastroenteritis in northwestern Spain

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268814000740 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 143 (2) ◽

pp. 316-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

C. F. MANSO ◽

J. L. ROMALDE

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Genetic Drift ◽

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Capsid Gene ◽

High Prevalence ◽

High Incidence ◽

Northwestern Spain

SUMMARYThe high incidence of norovirus (NoV) infections seems to be related to the emergence of new variants that evolved by genetic drift of the capsid gene. In this work, that represents a first effort to describe the molecular epidemiology of NoV in the northwest of Spain, a total of eight different NoV genotypes (GII.1, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GII.7, GII.12, GII.13, GII.14) were detected. The major genotypes observed were GII.4 (45·42%) and GII.14 (34·9%), being detected in all age groups. In addition, and although most of GII.4 sequences belonged to 2006b (7·2%) and 2010 (50·35%) variants, the presence of new NoV variants was observed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that a high number of GII.4 sequences (35·24%) could be assigned to the newly emerging Sydney 2012 variant, even during late 2010. The high prevalence of NoV GII.14 observed in this study may indicate the emergence of this genotype in Spain.

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Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences supports the existence of class polyacanthocephala (acanthocephala)

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution ◽

10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00020-9 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 288-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Martı́n Garcı́a-Varela ◽

Michael P Cummings ◽

Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León ◽

Scott L Gardner ◽

Juan P Laclette

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Gene Sequences ◽

Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽

18S Ribosomal Rna ◽

18S Ribosomal Rna Gene

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Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Analysis of Citrus tristeza virus Isolates from Turkey

Advances in Virology ◽

10.1155/2019/7163747 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gözde Erkiş-Güngör ◽

Bayram Çevik

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Cloning And Sequencing ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

The 1960S ◽

Tristeza Virus ◽

Virus Isolates ◽

Stem Pitting ◽

Citrus Tristeza

The presence of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) in Turkey has been known since the 1960s and the virus was detected in all citrus growing regions of the country. Even though serological and biological characteristics of CTV have been studied since the 1980s, molecular characteristics of CTV isolates have not been studied to date in Turkey. In this study, molecular characteristics of 15 CTV isolates collected from different citrus growing regions of Turkey were determined by amplification, cloning, and sequencing of their major coat protein (CP) genes. The sequence analysis showed that the CP genes were highly conserved among Turkish isolates. However, isolates from different regions showed more genetic variation than isolates from the same region. Turkish isolates were clustered into three phylogenetic groups showing no association with geographical origins, host, or symptoms induced in indicator plants. Phylogenetic analysis of Turkish isolates with isolates from different citrus growing regions of the world including well-characterized type isolates of previously established strain specific groups revealed that some Turkish isolates were closely related to severe quick decline or stem pitting isolates. The results demonstrated that although CTV isolates from Turkey are considered biologically mild, majority of them contain severe components potentially causing quick decline or stem pitting.

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The complete mitochondrial genome of the jumping grasshopper Sinopodisma pieli (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and the phylogenetic analysis of Melanoplinae

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4363.4.3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4363 (4) ◽

pp. 506

Author(s):

HUAXUAN LIU ◽

LIYUN YAN ◽

GUOFANG JIANG

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Mitochondrial Genome ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽

Ribosomal Rna Genes ◽

Start Codon ◽

Trna Genes ◽

Rna Genes

In this study, we reported the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Sinopodisma pieli by polymerase chain reaction method for the first time, the type species of the genus Sinopodisma. Its mitogenome was a circular DNA molecule of 15,625 bp in length, with 76.0% A+T, and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and two ribosomal RNA genes and one A+T control region. The overall base composition of the S. pieli mitogenome was 42.8% for A, 33.2% for T, 13.5% for C, and 10.5% for G, respectively. All 13 mitochondrial PCGs shared the start codon ATN. Twelve of the PCGs ended with termination codon TAA and TAG, while cytochrome coxidase subunit 1 (COI) utilized an incomplete T as terminator codon. All tRNA genes could be folded into the typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except trnS(AGN) lacking of dihydrouridine arm. The sizes of the large and small ribosomal RNA genes were 1379 bp and 794 bp, respectively. The A+T rich region was 798 bp in length and contained 88.5% AT content. A phylogenetic analysis based on 13 PCGs by using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) revealed that Sinopodisma is not monophyletic group. We think that the name and taxonomic status of S. tsinlingensis are right, and it should not be moved into the genus Pedopodisma. These data will provide important information for a better understanding of the population genetics and species identification for Sinopodisma.

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Molecular identification of the Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) lewisi clade in black rats (Rattus rattus) from Australia

10.1101/819060 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Siobhon L. Egan ◽

Casey L. Taylor ◽

Jill M. Austen ◽

Peter B. Banks ◽

Liisa A. Ahlstrom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Molecular Identification ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Rattus Rattus ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Trypanosoma Lewisi ◽

Sydney Australia ◽

Black Rats

AbstractInvasive rodent species are known hosts for a diverse range of infectious microorganisms and have long been associated with the spread of disease globally. The present study describes molecular evidence for the presence of a Trypanosoma sp. from black rats (Rattus rattus) in northern Sydney, Australia. Sequences of the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) locus were obtained in two out of eleven (18%) blood samples with subsequent phylogenetic analysis confirming the identity within the Trypanosoma lewisi clade.

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