scholarly journals Follow-up study of airway microbiota in children with persistent wheezing

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wu ◽  
Chencong Shen ◽  
Yuanling Chen ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Xiaofei Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group A

Abstract Background Increasing evidence revealed that airway microbial dysbiosis was associated with increased risk of asthma, or persistent wheezing (PW). However, the role of lung microbiota in PW or wheezing recurrence remains poorly understood. Methods In this prospective observational study, we performed a longitudinal 16S rRNA-based microbiome survey on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples collected from 35 infants with PW and 28 age-matched infants (control group). A 2-year follow-up study on these PW patients was conducted. The compositions of lower airway microbiota were analyzed at the phylum and genus levels. Results Our study showed a clear difference in lower airway microbiota between PW children and the control group. Children with PW had a higher abundance of Elizabethkingia and Rothia, and lower abundance of Fusobacterium compared with the control group. At the end of the 2-year follow-up, 20 children with PW (57.1%) experienced at least one episode of wheezing, and 15 (42.9%) did not suffer from wheezing episodes. Furthermore, PW children with recurrence also had increased abundances of Elizabethkingia and Rothia relative to those who had no recurrence. Additionally, wheezing history, different gender, and caesarean section demonstrated a greater impact in airway microbiota compositions. Conclusion This study suggests that the alterations of lower airway microbiota could be strongly associated with the development of wheezing, and early airway microbial changes could also be associated with wheezing recurrence later in life.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the increased risk of spine fracture in patients with mood disorder compared with matched controls: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national sample cohort in Korea

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e027581
Author(s):  
So Young Kim ◽  
Chanyang Min ◽  
Bumjung Park ◽  
Miyoung Kim ◽  
Hyo Geun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorder ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Spine Fracture ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age And Sex

ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of spine fracture in patients with mood disorder using a nationwide cohort.DesignA longitudinal follow-up study.SettingClaims data for the population ≥20 years of age were collected from 2002 to 2013 for the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort.ParticipantsA total of 60 140 individuals with mood disorder were matched with 240 560 individuals (control group) for age, sex, income, region of residence and osteoporosis.InterventionsIn both the mood disorder and control groups, the history of spine fracture was evaluated. The International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes for mood disorder (F31–F39) and spine fracture (S220 and S320) were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe univariable and multivariable HRs and 95% CIs of spine fracture for patients with mood disorder were analysed using a stratified Cox proportional hazards model. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to the history of osteoporosis, age and sex.ResultsApproximately 3.3% (2011/60 140) of patients in the mood disorder group and 2.8% (6795/240 560) of individuals in the control group had spine fracture (p<0.001). The mood disorder group demonstrated a higher adjusted HR for spine fracture than the control group (multivariable HR=1.10, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.15, p<0.001). The participants without osteoporosis showed a higher HR of mood disorder for spine fracture than the control participants (multivariable HR=1.25, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.37, p<0.001). According to age and sex, this result was consistent in subgroups of women aged 20–39 and 40–59 years and men aged ≥60 years.ConclusionThe risk of spine fracture was increased in patients with mood disorder. The potential risk of spine fracture needs to be evaluated when managing patients with mood disorder.

scholarly journals Risk of ischaemic stroke in patients with migraine: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national sample cohort in South Korea

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e027701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Yeon Lee ◽  
Jae-Sung Lim ◽  
Dong Jun Oh ◽  
Il Gyu Kong ◽  
Hyo Geun Choi
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Haemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Migraine Group

ObjectiveAccumulating evidence has supported the association between migraine and stroke, but the causative association remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the risks of different types of stroke in patients with migraine.DesignA longitudinal follow-up study.SettingData collected from a national cohort between 2002 and 2013 by the South Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment.ParticipantsWe extracted the data from patients with migraine (n=41 585) and 1:4 matched controls (n=1 66 340) and analysed the occurrence of ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes. The migraine group included participants treated for migraine (International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10): G43)≥2 times. Haemorrhagic stroke (I60-I62) and ischaemic stroke (I63) were determined based on the admission histories. The crude and adjusted HRs were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models, and the 95% CI were determined. Subgroup analyses stratified by age and sex were also performed.ResultsHigher rates of ischaemic stroke were observed in the migraine group (2.3% [964/41,585]) than in the control group (2.0% [3294/166 340], P<0.001). The adjusted HR for ischaemic stroke was 1.18 (95% CI=1.10 to 1.26) in the migraine group (P<0.001). Compared with control subjects, participants who reported migraine with aura and migraine without aura had increased adjusted HRs of 1.44 (95% CI=1.09 to 1.89) and 1.15 (95% CI=1.06 to 1.24), respectively, for ischaemic stroke, but no increased risk of haemorrhagic stroke. In our subgroup analysis, a strong association between migraine and ischaemic stroke was observed in young patients, specifically young women. The contribution of migraine to the occurrence of ischaemic stroke was also observed in middle-aged women and old women (each P<0.05). The risk of haemorrhagic stroke did not reach statistical significance in any age group.ConclusionMigraine is associated with an increased risk of ischaemic stroke, but not haemorrhagic stroke.

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Migraine in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 724
Author(s):  
Soo-Hwan Byun ◽  
Chanyang Min ◽  
Dae-Myoung Yoo ◽  
Byoung-Eun Yang ◽  
Hyo-Geun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
National Health ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and migraine through a longitudinal follow-up study using population data from a national health screening cohort. Methods: This cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort from 2002 to 2015. Of the 514,866 participants, 3884 TMD patients were matched at a 1:4 ratio with 15,536 control participants. Crude models and models adjusted for obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores were calculated. Chi-squared test, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and two-tailed log-rank test were used for statistical analysis. Stratified Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for migraine in both control groups. Results: The adjusted HR for migraine was 2.10 (95% CI: 1.81–2.44) in the TMD group compared to the control group, which was consistent in subgroup analyses according to age, sex, and Kaplan–Meier analysis. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that TMD patients have a higher risk of migraine. These results suggest that dentists can decrease the risk of migraine in TMD patients by managing TMD properly.

scholarly journals Infections Among Women Suffered from Spontaneous Miscarriage Compared with Normal Delivery Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Jihad Qanbar ◽  
◽  
Sabiha F. Ali ◽  
Anwar N. Al-Bassam ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
Spontaneous Miscarriage ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group A ◽  
Protozoal Infection ◽  
Tract Infections

Spontaneous miscarriage is the spontaneous ending from a pregnancy at a phase where the embryo is incapable of remaining independently, generally defined in humans at prior to 20 weeks from gestation. Overall, reported spontaneous miscarriage rates in recognized pregnancies are 10% to 20%. Pregnant women are exposed to many infectious agents that are potentially harmful to the fetus and an increased risk of miscarriage. The aims of the study were to evaluate the role of many pathogens (Parvovirus B19, Cytomegalovirus, Rubella, and Toxoplasma gondii), and urinary tract infections (UTI) as causes of spontaneous miscarriage. A case-control study conducted in Baghdad Teaching hospital during a period of ten months. A total of 120 women aged between (20 to 25) years were enrolled within the study, 80 with spontaneous miscarriage as a study group and 40 with normal delivery as a control group. A full history was taken, clinical examination was done and various laboratory investigations were carried out for all women in both groups. The study showed a statistically significant correlation between viral infection, Parvovirus (IgM, IgG), Toxoplasmosis (IgM), Rubella (IgM) and Cytomegalovirus (IgM, IgG), with spontaneous miscarriage (P-value 0.001, 0.005, 0.008, 0.014, 0.002). Bacterial, viral and protozoal infection may increase the risk of spontaneous miscarriage in comparison to healthy normal delivery ladies.

P4772Role of anticoagulation in patients with subclinical AF and its association with cardiovascular events: a SILENT sub study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Martinelli Filho ◽  
S F Siqueira ◽  
G A T Athayde ◽  
K M Dias ◽  
A O Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thromboembolic Events ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cardiac Devices ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a well-established thromboembolic event risk factor. Episodes of subclinical AF (SCAF) recorded in implantable electronic cardiac devices (IECD) have been related to clinical AF and increased risk of stroke. However, there is no scientific evidence regarding the role of anticoagulation in this population. Objective: Our objective is to assess the association of SCAF with clinical AF and rate of systemic thromboembolic events, in a short-term follow-up. Methods This is a sub-study of SILENT, a prospective, randomized, unicentric study which included patients with sinus rhythm, IECD, with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2, without previous history of AF. Patients were randomized to the Intervention Group and to the Control Group in the 1: 1 ratio. Patients of the Intervention Group with SCAF episodes (>6 min) received anticoagulation, as well as those with clinical AF in both groups. The primary end point was systemic thromboembolic phenomena and the secondary endpoints were SCAF rate, total and cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular hospitalization and bleeding. Results A total of 758 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 72.81 years (± 9.73), of which 461 (60.8%) were female. The mean follow-up was 19.59±4.24 months. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. Only 3 patients presented the primary outcome (two of them from Intervention Group). There were 16 deaths (2,1%) and 44 cardiovascular hospitalizations (5,8%), with no difference between groups. Atrial high rate episodes (AHRE) and clinical AF were more prevalent in Control Group, leading to an equal rate of anticoagulation between groups. Clinical AF was statistically associated to previous atrial high rate episodes of any duration (p=0.001) and correlated with SCAF (p<0.01 and R: 0,60) previously recorded in the device. Conclusion This sub study showed that, in a short term follow-up, SCAF has a good correlation with clinical AF occurrence with low rate of thromboembolic events. The Silent study will evaluate in an extended population the role of anticoagulation, in the long term. Acknowledgement/Funding None

scholarly journals Adipsin Is Associated with Multiple Sclerosis: A Follow-Up Study of Adipokines

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renuka Natarajan ◽  
Sanna Hagman ◽  
Mari Hämälainen ◽  
Tiina Leppänen ◽  
Prasun Dastidar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Clinically Isolated Syndrome ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
Group A ◽  
Edss Score ◽  
The Impact

Background and Objective. The role of adipokines in regulation of immune responses has been recognized, but very little is known about their impact on multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we analysed whether the major adipokines are differentially expressed in plasma of patients with different MS subtypes and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and explored their association with major disease characteristics.Methods. The levels of adiponectin, adipsin, leptin, and resistin in the plasma of 80 patients with different subtypes of MS and CIS were followed up annually over the two years. The data obtained were correlated with disease activity, EDSS and volumes of T1-weighted lesions (T1-LV), and fluid attenuation inversion recovery lesions (FLAIR-LV) on MRI.Results. In MS group, a correlation was found between the level of adipsin and EDSS score at baseline (r=0.506,p<0.001). In RRMS, the levels of adipsin correlated with EDSS scores (r=0.542,p=0.002), T1-LV (r=0.410,p=0.034), and FLAIR-LV (r=0.601,p=0.0001) at baseline and an increase in the T1-LV over the follow-up (r=0.582,p=0.003). Associations with other adipokines were not detected.Conclusion. Our exploratory study provides novel insights on the impact of adipokines in MS and suggests that adipsin exerts predictive potential as a biomarker of neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Is there any role of post operative antibiotics in reducing secondary haemorrhage after tonsillectomy

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shah Kamal ◽  
Rubina Farzana ◽  
Ahmed Tariq ◽  
Abu Hena Mohammad Parvez Humayun
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibiotic Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Secondary Haemorrhage ◽  
Group B ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Haemorrhage Rate

Objective: To compare with and without the antibiotic therapy in reducing post-tonsillectomy secondary haemorrhage.Method: A prospective study was conducted at Shaheed Shamsuddin Ahmed Hospital, Sylhet from April 2010 to April 2012. 170 patients who underwent tonsillectomy divided into two groups randomly each consisting of 85 patients. In group A (intervention group) - antibiotic was given post-operatively, while in group B (control group) - no antibiotic was given. Postoperative follow-up was done till the tonsillar fossa healed.Results: Among 170 patients 61.18% were female and 38.82% were male, mean age was 21.58 years. One patient from antibiotic group had secondary haemorrhage (1.18%), while no haemorrhage was observed in non- antibiotic group. Secondary haemorrhage rate was 0.59% in total study population.Conclusion: The study showed that antibiotic did not have any significant role in reducing the post-tonsillectomy secondary haemorrhage DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.12009 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 166-170

Efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of long- lasting olfactory disorders in COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
L.A. Vaira ◽  
C. Hopkins ◽  
M. Petrocelli ◽  
J.R. Lechien ◽  
S. Cutrupi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Control ◽  
Group A ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: The growing number of COVID-19 patients with long-lasting olfactory disorders makes it necessary to identify effective treatments that enhance the spontaneous recovery of olfactory function. METHODS: Multicentre randomised case-control study that involved 18 patients with COVID-19 related anosmia or severe hyposmia for more than 30 days. Nine patients were prescribed systemic prednisone and nasal irrigation with betamethasone, ambroxol and rinazine for 15 days. The other 9, untreated, patients were used as controls. The olfactory function was evaluated with CCCRC test at 20 and 40 days from the first evaluation. RESULTS: In the control group, a median olfactory score of 20 (IQR 30) was detected at baseline. At the 20-day control there was no significant improvement in olfactory function. The improvement in olfactory performance became significant at the 40-day follow-up compared to baseline scores [60 (IQR 60) versus 20 (IQR 30)]. In the treatment group, patients had a mean olfactory score of 10 (IQR 15) at initial control. At the 20-day control, a significant im-provement in the olfactory scores, compared to the baseline, was detected [70 (IQR 40) versus 10 (IQR 15)]. Olfactory function further improved at 40 days [median score 90 (IQR 50)]. Patients in the treatment group reported significantly higher improvements of the olfactory scores than the controls at both the 20-day [40 (IQR 45) versus 10 (IQR 15)] and 40-day [60 (IQR 40) versus 30 (IQR 25)] evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, the mix of drugs including steroids could represent a useful specific therapy to reduce the prevalence of this long-term morbidity.

scholarly journals Clinical significance of late diastolic tissue doppler parameters after onset of STEMI: from the view point of the timing of the echocardipography

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Iwahashi ◽  
J Kirigaya ◽  
M Horii ◽  
T Abe ◽  
E Akiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
Atrial Function ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Group A ◽  
St Elevation ◽  
Group B ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The early transmitral flow velocity (E) divided by the early diastolic velocity of the mitral valve annulus (e') is referred to as the “E/e' ratio,” is useful even for ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the role of late diastolic velocity (a') which reveals the atrial function for STEMI is still unclear. Objectives We evaluated the clinical usefulness of tissue Doppler including atrial function for a first-time STEMI by long time follow up. Furthermore, we evaluated the meaning of each parameters by performing immediately after PCI or 2 weeks later. Methods We treated consecutive 571 first-time STEMI patients by immediate PCI within 12 hours after onset, and we examined 270 patients at immediately after PCI (GroupA, 65 years, 250 male) and 301 patients at 2 weeks after onset (GroupB, 64 years, 243 male). We examined trans mitral flow and TDI, then defined E/e' as LV filling pressure and A/a' as left atrial function. We followed them for a long time (&gt;5 years). The primary end point (PE) was cardiac death or re-admission for heart failure (HF). Results We followed the patients in Group A for 10 years, Group B for 5 years. PE occurred in 64 patients in GroupA during 10 years, and 45 patients in GroupB during 5 years. We analyzed the univariate and multivariate Cox hazard analyses and we compared e' and a', E/e' and A/a' (Table). In GroupA, a' and A/a' were the independent predictors, on the other hand neither a' nor A/a' were the predictors in GroupB. E/e' was an independent predictor both in GroupA and B. Conclusion TDI parameters have different meanings by the timing of echocardiography after onset of a first-time STEMI. These results demonstrated that atrial dysfunction immediately after onset of STEMI suggests the poor prognosis after STEMI. Cox Hazard Proportional Analysis Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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