scholarly journals Extracellular vesicles and pasteurized cells derived from Akkermansia muciniphila protect against high-fat induced obesity in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ashrafian ◽  
Shahrbanoo Keshavarz Azizi Raftar ◽  
Arezou Lari ◽  
Arefeh Shahryari ◽  
Sara Abdollahiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Obesity In Mice

Abstract Background Several studies have shown that probiotics have beneficial effects on weight control and metabolic health. In addition to probiotics, recent studies have investigated the effects of paraprobiotics and postbiotics. Therefore, we evaluated the preventive effects of live and pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila MucT (A. muciniphila) and its extracellular vesicles (EVs) on HFD-induced obesity. Results The results showed that body weight, metabolic tissues weight, food consumption, and plasma metabolic parameters were increased in the HFD group, whereas A. muciniphila preventive treatments inhibited these HFD. The effects of pasteurized A. muciniphila and its extracellular vesicles were more noticeable than its active form. The HFD led to an increase in the colonic, adipose tissue, and liver inflammations and increased the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and homeostasis. Nevertheless, these effects were inhibited in mice that were administered A. muciniphila and its EVs. The assessment of the gut microbiota revealed significant differences in the microbiota composition after feeding with HFD. However, all treatments restored the alterations in some bacterial genera and closely resemble the control group. Also, the correlation analysis indicated that some gut microbiota might be associated with obesity-related indices. Conclusions Pasteurized A. muciniphila and its EVs, as paraprobiotic and postbiotic agents, were found to play a key role in the regulation of metabolic functions to prevent obesity, probably by affecting the gut-adipose-liver axis. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals The change of gut microbiota in MDD patients under SSRIs treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Shen ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Gaofei Li ◽  
Jiayu Gao ◽  
Ying Liang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Metabolic Functions

AbstractThe alterations in the gut microbiota have been reported to be correlated with the development of depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of intestinal microbiota in depressed patients after antidepressant treatment. We recruited 30 MDD patients (MDD group) and 30 healthy controls (control group). The MDD group received individualized treatment with escitalopram at a maximum dose of 20 mg/day. After depressive symptoms improved to a HAMD scale score > 50%, a fecal sample was collected again and used as the follow-up group. The differences of gut microbiota between patients and controls, the characteristics of gut microbiota under treatment and the potential differences in metabolic functions were thus investigated. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly different within three groups, and the ratio of follow-up group was significantly lower than those of the other two groups. Alpha diversity was significantly higher in MDD group than those of the other groups, and the alpha diversity was not significantly different between control and follow-up groups. The beta diversity of some patients resembled participants in the control group. The metabolic function of gut microbiota after treatment was still different from that of the control group. This study suggests that the intestinal flora of depressed patients has a tendency to return to normal under escitalopram treatment.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Gut Microbiota, Especially Akkermansia muciniphila, Protect the Progression of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e76520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chil-sung Kang ◽  
Mingi Ban ◽  
Eun-Jeong Choi ◽  
Hyung-Geun Moon ◽  
Jun-Sung Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila

scholarly journals Interaction Between Acute Exercise and Carnitine Supplementation on the Expression of Genes Involved in Liver Metabolism in Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 4348-4356
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Liver Metabolism ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Serum Factors ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Acute exercise induces rapid and dramatic induction of transcription in the liver. The beneficial effects of carnitine on serum factors and gene expression have been proven. This study examined the interaction between acute exercise and carnitine supplementation on the expression of genes involved in liver metabolism. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 8): Group 1 control, Group 2 received 200 mg/kg/day LCAR, Group 3 performed acute exercise, and Group 4 received LCAR and performed acute exercise. Gene expression in the liver was evaluated by Real-time PCR. Acute exercise significantly increased PDK4 expression compared to other groups. Also, carnitine administration, performing an acute exercise, and combination of LCAR-Acute significantly increased AMPK and PGC-1a expression compared with the control group. The expression of SREBP-1c and SCD1 was not significantly changed between studies. The combination of acute exercise and carnitine administration increased PGC-1a expression, indicating the importance of carnitine with exercise as a beneficial supplement.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Liver Fibrosis: One Potential Biomarker for Predicting Liver Fibrosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Zhiming Li ◽  
Ming Ni ◽  
Haiyang Yu ◽  
Lili Wang ◽  
Xiaoming Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Random Forest Classification ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Forest Classification ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Purpose. To investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and liver fibrosis and establish a microbiota biomarker for detecting and staging liver fibrosis. Methods. 131 Wistar rats were used in our study, and liver fibrosis was induced by carbon tetrachloride. Stool samples were collected within 72 hours after the last administration. The V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene were amplified. The sequencing data was processed using the Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME version 1.9). The diversity, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) were performed. Random-Forest classification was performed for discriminating the samples from different groups. Microbial function was assessed using the PICRUST. Results. The Simpson in the control group was lower than that in the liver fibrosis group (p=0.048) and differed significantly among different fibrosis stages (p=0.047). The Chao1 index in the control group was higher than that in the liver fibrosis group (p<0.001). NMDS analysis showed a marked difference between the control and liver fibrosis groups (p<0.001). PCoA analysis indicated the different community composition between the control and liver fibrosis groups with variances of PC1 13.76% and PC2 5.89% and between different liver fibrosis stages with variances of PC1 10.51% and PC2 7.78%. LEfSe analysis showed alteration of gut microbiota in the liver fibrosis group. Biomarkers obtained from Random-Forest classification showed excellent diagnostic accuracy in prediction of liver fibrosis with AUROCs of 0.99. The AUROCs were 0.77~0.84 in prediction of stage F4. There were six increased and 17 decreased metabolic functions in the liver fibrosis group and 6 metabolic functions significantly differed among four liver fibrosis stages. Conclusion. Gut microbiota is a potential biomarker for detecting and staging liver fibrosis with high diagnostic accuracies.

scholarly journals Akkermansia muciniphila-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as a Mucosal Delivery Vector for Amelioration of Obesity in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ashrafian ◽  
Arefeh Shahriary ◽  
Ava Behrouzi ◽  
Hamid Reza Moradi ◽  
Shahrbanoo Keshavarz Azizi Raftar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Delivery Vector ◽  
Mucosal Delivery ◽  
Obesity In Mice

scholarly journals Host response to cholestyramine can be mediated by the gut microbiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nolan K. Newman ◽  
Philip M. Monnier ◽  
Richard R. Rodrigues ◽  
Manoj Gurung ◽  
Stephany Vasquez-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Expression Of Genes

AbstractThe gut microbiome has been implicated as a major factor contributing to metabolic diseases as well as being contributors to the response to drugs used for the treatment of such diseases. In this study, using a diet-induced obesity mouse model, we tested the effect of cholestyramine, a bile acid sequestrant, on the murine gut microbiome and mammalian metabolism. We also explored the hypothesis that some beneficial effects of this drug on systemic metabolism can be attributed to alterations in gut microbiota. First, we demonstrated that cholestyramine can decrease glucose and epidydimal fat levels. Next, while investigating gut microbiota we found increased alpha diversity of the gut microbiome of cholestyramine-treated mice, with fourteen taxa showing restoration of abundance to levels resembling those in mice fed with a control diet. Analyzing expression of genes known to be regulated by cholestyramine (including Cyp7a1), we confirmed the expected effect of this drug in the liver and ileum. Finally, using a transkingdom network analysis we inferred Acetatifactor muris and Muribaculum intestinale as potential mediators/modifiers of cholestyramine effects on the mammalian host. In addition, A. muris correlated positively with glucagon (Gcg) expression in the ileum and negatively correlated with small heterodimer partner (Shp) expression in the liver. Interestingly, A. muris also correlated negatively with glucose levels, further indicating the potential probiotic role for A. muris. In conclusion, our results indicate the gut microbiome has a role in the beneficial effects of cholestyramine and suggest specific microbes as targets of future investigations.

scholarly journals The changes of gut microbiota in drug-naïve first-episode MDD patients under treatment by SSRIs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Shen ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Gaofei Li ◽  
Xiaoxi Xing ◽  
Zhiyong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Normal State ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drug Naïve

Abstract Background: Recently, several studies reported that transplanting feces from depressed patients could induce depression-like behaviors in mice. In addition, antidepressants not only have antidepressant effects, but also have modulation of the gut microbiota in those animals. Therefore, this study firstly investigated on the changes of gut microbiota in depressed patients under effective antidepressant treatment.Methods: We recruited 30 patients with drug-naive first-episode MDD (Patients group) and 30 healthy controls (Control group), and collected their fecal samples to complete 16S rRNA sequencing. Next, the Patients group received individualised treatment with escitalopram with a maximum dose of 20mg/d. After depressive symptoms improved to a HAMD scale score >50%, a second fecal sample was collected. This was classified as the follow-up group. We then investigated into the differences of gut microbiota between patients (Patients and Follow-up groups) and controls (Control group), the characteristics of gut microbiota under treatment, and the potential differences in metabolic functions.Results: A significant difference in gut microbiota abundance was found after escitalopram treatment. The Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio significantly decreased in the Follow-up group. After treatment, the species diversity of gut microbiota tended to be back to normal state in Follow-up group. The mainly difference of metabolic function were found as follows: Transport and catabolism, Nervous system, Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism.Conclusions: Under escitalopram treatment, the gut microbiota diversity of MDD patients tended to back to normal state. However, several structures and metabolic pathways in microbes remained differences between patients and controls.

scholarly journals Akkermansia muciniphila Exerts Strain-Specific Effects on DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Liu ◽  
Wenwei Lu ◽  
Fengwei Tian ◽  
Jianxin Zhao ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Positive Effects

Akkermansia muciniphila is a commensal bacterium of the gut mucus layer. Although both in vitro and in vivo data have shown that A. muciniphila strains exhibit strain-specific modulation of gut functions, its ability to moderate immunity to ulcerative colitis have not been verified. We selected three isolated human A. muciniphila strains (FSDLZ39M14, FSDLZ36M5 and FSDLZ20M4) and the A. muciniphila type strain ATCC BAA-835 to examine the effects of different A. muciniphila strains on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. All of the A. muciniphila strains were cultured anaerobically in brain heart infusion medium supplemented with 0.25% type II mucin from porcine stomach. To create animal models, colitis was established in C57BL/6 mice which randomly divided into six groups with 10 mice in each group by adding 3% dextran sulfate sodium to drinking water for 7 days. A. muciniphila strains were orally administered to the mice at a dose of 1 × 109 CFU. Only A. muciniphila FSDLZ36M5 exerted significant protection against ulcerative colitis (UC) by increasing the colon length, restoring body weight, decreasing gut permeability and promoting anti-inflammatory cytokine expression. However, the other strains (FSDLZ39M14, ATCC BAA-835 and FSDLZ20M4) failed to provide these effects. Notably, A. muciniphila FSDLZ20M4 showed a tendency to exacerbate inflammation according to several indicators. Gut microbiota sequencing showed that A. muciniphila FSDLZ36M5 supplementation recovered the gut microbiota of mice to a similar state to that of the control group. A comparative genomic analysis demonstrated that the positive effects of A. muciniphila FSDLZ36M5 compared with the FSDLZ20M4 strain may be associated with specific functional genes that are involved in immune defense mechanisms and protein synthesis. Our results verify the efficacy of A. muciniphila in improving UC and provide gene targets for the efficient and rapid screening of A. muciniphila strains with UC-alleviating effects.

scholarly journals The changes of gut microbiota in drug-naïve first-episode MDD patients under treatment by SSRIs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Shen ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Gaofei Li ◽  
Xiaoxi Xing ◽  
Zhiyong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Normal State ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drug Naïve

Abstract Background: Recently, several studies reported that transplanting stool from depressed patients could induce depression-like behaviors in mice. In addition, antidepressants presented not only antidepressant effects, but also antibacterial effects in those animals. Therefore, this study firstly investigated on the changes of gut microbiota in depressed patients under effective antidepressant treatment.Methods: We recruited 30 patients with drug-naive first-episode MDD (Patients group) and 30 healthy controls (Control group), and collected their stool samples to complete 16S rRNA sequencing. Next, Patients group received 20 mg/d of escitalopram. After the symptoms improved, the feces of Patients group were collected and marked as Follow-up group to complete sequencing for the second time. We then investigated into the differences of gut microbiota between patients (Patients and Follow-up groups) and controls (Control group), the characteristics of gut microbiota under treatment, and the potential differences in metabolic functions. Results: A significant difference in gut microbiota abundance was found after escitalopram treatment. The Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio significantly decreased in the Follow-up group. After treatment, the species diversity of gut microbiota tended to be back to normal state in Follow-up group. The mainly difference of metabolic function were found as follows: Transport and catabolism, Nervous system, Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism.Conclusions: Under escitalopram treatment, the gut microbiota diversity of MDD patients tended to back to normal state. However, several structures and metabolic pathways in microbes remained differences between patients and controls, which might be related to the relapse of MDD.

scholarly journals The changes of gut microbiota in drug-naïve first-episode MDD patients under treatment by SSRIs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Shen ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Gaofei Li ◽  
Xiaoxi Xing ◽  
Zhiyong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Normal State ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drug Naïve

Abstract Background: Recently, several studies reported that transplanting stool from depressed patients could induce depression-like behaviors in mice. In addition, antidepressants presented not only antidepressant effects, but also antibacterial effects in those animals. Therefore, this study firstly investigated on the changes of gut microbiota in depressed patients under effective antidepressant treatment.Methods: We recruited 30 patients with drug-naive first-episode MDD (Patients group) and 30 healthy controls (Control group), and collected their stool samples to complete 16S rRNA sequencing. Next, Patients group received 15-20 mg/d of escitalopram. After the symptoms improved, the feces of Patients group were collected and marked as Follow-up group to complete sequencing for the second time. We then investigated into the differences of gut microbiota between patients (Patients and Follow-up groups) and controls (Control group), the characteristics of gut microbiota under treatment, and the potential differences in metabolic functions. Results: A significant difference in gut microbiota abundance was found after escitalopram treatment. The Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio significantly decreased in the Follow-up group. After treatment, the species diversity of gut microbiota tended to be back to normal state in Follow-up group. The mainly difference of metabolic function were found as follows: Transport and catabolism, Nervous system, Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism.Conclusions: Under escitalopram treatment, the gut microbiota diversity of MDD patients tended to back to normal state. However, several structures and metabolic pathways in microbes remained differences between patients and controls, which might be related to the relapse of MDD.

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