scholarly journals Associations between dietary factors and obesity-related biomarkers in healthy children and adolescents - a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hilger-Kolb ◽  
Catherin Bosle ◽  
Irina Motoc ◽  
Kristina Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Healthy Children

Relative validity of FFQ to assess food items, energy, macronutrient and micronutrient intake in children and adolescents: a systematic review with meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Saravia ◽  
Maria L. Miguel-Berges ◽  
Iris Iglesia ◽  
Marcus V. Nascimento-Ferreira ◽  
Guillermo Perdomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Relative Validity ◽  
Dietary Assessment Method

Abstract FFQ are one of the most widely used tools of research into nutritional epidemiology, and many studies have been conducted in several countries using this dietary assessment method. The present study aimed to evaluate the relative validity of FFQ, in comparison with other methods, in assessing dietary intake of children and adolescents, through a systematic review. Four electronic databases (Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) found sixty-seven articles, which met the inclusion criteria (healthy children and adolescents from 3 to 18 years of age; journal articles written in English, Spanish and Portuguese between 1988 and March 2019; results showing the comparison between the FFQ with other methods of assessment of dietary intake). The articles were analysed by two independent reviewers. A meta-analysis was conducted using correlation coefficients as estimate effects between the FFQ and the reference standard method. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to identify the probable source of heterogeneity. In fifty-five of the sixty-seven studies, a single dietary assessment method was used to evaluate the FFQ; nine combined the two methods and three used three reference methods. The most widely used reference method was the 24-h recall, followed by the food record. The overall relative validity of the FFQ to estimate energy, macronutrient, certain micronutrient and certain food item intakes in children and adolescents may be considered weak. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO under number CRD42016038706.

Effect of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function in children and adolescents: a systematic review of randomised trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 873-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rianda ◽  
R. Agustina ◽  
E.A. Setiawan ◽  
N.R.M. Manikam
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation

Available reviews have shown potential effects of probiotics on neurobehavioral outcomes through ‘gut-brain axis’ mechanism in adults. However, reviews on cognitive function in children and adolescents are lacking. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of the effect of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function in children and adolescents. A search of four databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycARTICLES, Scopus, PubMed) was conducted to identify RCTs published from January 1990 to December 2018. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria and their cognitive outcomes were analysed. Only one study found a positive result with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) 1×1010 cfu supplementation with outcomes on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or Asperger syndrome (AS) manifestations as diagnosed using the International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria. The supplementations were administered to Finnish mothers for 4 weeks before delivery and continuously given for 6 months after delivery if they breastfed, or to the children. ADHD or AS was diagnosed at the age of 13 years in 17.1% children in the placebo and none in the probiotic group (P=0.008). This study found significant differences in species composition and number of cells belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium between healthy children and children who later developed ADHD or AS at different time points. Six remaining studies with varying strains, durations of intervention, start-time of administration, and outcomes demonstrated no difference in cognition after probiotic supplementation. Metagenomic analyses on gut microbiota composition were not performed in any of these studies. In conclusion, the favourable effect of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function in children and adolescents was observed in one study with LGG supplementation by a risk reduction of developing ADHD or AS (i.e. autism). More long-term and follow-up trials using probiotics identifying the effect on cognition are warranted before routine use.

scholarly journals Lung function in obese children and adolescents without respiratory disease: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Simões Ferreira ◽  
Fernando Augusto Lima Marson ◽  
Vaneza Lira Waldow Wolf ◽  
José Dirceu Ribeiro ◽  
Roberto Teixeira Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Obesity Control ◽  
Pulmonary Changes

Abstract Background Obesity in children and adolescents is associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to multisystemic impairment, including deleterious changes in lung function, which are poorly understood. Objectives To perform a systematic review to assess lung function in children and adolescents affected by obesity and to verify the presence of pulmonary changes due to obesity in individuals without previous or current respiratory diseases. Methods A systematic search was performed in the MEDLINE-PubMed (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), Embase (Excerpta Medica Database) and VHL (Virtual Health Library/Brazil) databases using the terms “Lung Function” and “Pediatric Obesity” and their corresponding synonyms in each database. A period of 10 years was considered, starting in February/2008. After the application of the filters, 33 articles were selected. Using the PICOS strategy, the following information was achieved: (Patient) children and adolescents; (Intervention/exposure) obesity; (Control) healthy children and adolescents; (Outcome) pulmonary function alterations; (Studies) randomized controlled trial, longitudinal studies (prospective and retrospective studies), cross-over studies and cross-sectional studies. Results Articles from 18 countries were included. Spirometry was the most widely used tool to assess lung function. There was high variability in lung function values, with a trend towards reduced lung function markers (FEV1/FVC, FRC, ERV and RV) in obese children and adolescents. Conclusion Lung function, measured by several tools, shows numerous markers with contradictory alterations. Differences concerning the reported results of lung function do not allow us to reach a consensus on lung function changes in children and adolescents with obesity, highlighting the need for more publications on this topic with a standardized methodology.

Effects of chronic exercise interventions on executive function among children and adolescents: a systematic review with meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (22) ◽  
pp. 1397-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Xue ◽  
Yanxiang Yang ◽  
Tao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Session Length ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Exercise Interventions

ObjectiveTo synthesise randomised controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the effects of chronic exercise interventions on different domain-specific executive functions (EFs) among children and adolescents.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesPsycINFO, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Academic Search Premier, Embase and Web of Science were searched.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRCTs or cluster RCT design, which employ chronic exercise interventions and target healthy children (age 6–12 years) and adolescents (age 13–17 years). We defined chronic exercise as physical activity (PA) which consists of multiple exercise sessions per week and lasts for an extended period of time (typically over 6 weeks).ResultsWe included 19 studies, with a total of 5038 participants. The results showed that chronic exercise interventions improved overall EFs (standardised mean difference (SMD)=0.20, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.30, p<0.05) and inhibitory control (SMD=0.26, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.45, P<0.05). In meta regression, higher body mass index was associated with greater improvements in overall EFs performance (β=0.03, 95% CI 0.0002 to 0.06, p<0.05), whereas age and exercise duration were not. In subgroup analysis by intervention modality, sports and PA programme (SMD=0.21, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.31, p<0.05) and curricular PA (SMD=0.39, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.69, p<0.05) improved overall EFs performance, but integrated PA did not (SMD=0.02, 95% CI −0.05 to 0.09, p>0.05). Interventions with a session length < 90 minutes improved overall EFs performance (SMD=0.24, 95%CI 0.10 to 0.39, p=0.02), but session length ≥ 90 minutes did not (SMD=0.05, 95%CI -0.03 to 0.14). No other moderator was found to have an effect.ConclusionsDespite small effect sizes, chronic exercise interventions, implemented in curricular or sports and PA programme settings, might be a promising way to promote multiple aspects of executive functions, especially inhibitory control.

scholarly journals Immunologic Response, Efficacy, and Safety of Vaccines Against COVID-19 in Children and Adolescents Aged 2 - 21 Years Old: A Systematic Review

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Sadeghi ◽  
yasamin kalantari ◽  
Sima Shokri ◽  
Morteza Fallahpour ◽  
Nahid Nafissi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
English Language ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Efficacy And Safety

Backgrounds: Children and adolescnets form a large proportion of societies and play an important role in the transmission of Covid-19. On the other hand, their education, mental and physical wellness, and safety are compromised which makes vaccination a crucial step to return to normal life. Aim and Objectives: To collect and summarize all data about the immune response, effectiveness, and safety of available Covid-19 vaccines for people aged 2 - 21 years old. Methods: A thorough systematic review was performed on available publications in English language regarding immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of Covid-19 vaccines in individuals aged 2 - 21 years old. Types of selected studies were clinical trials, observational studies, and cohort. Searched databases comprised Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov website. Data extraction and analysis were performed in Microsoft Word software, version 16.56. Results: the Covid-19 vaccination was evaluated in a total of 50,148 children and adolescents in 22 published studies and 5,279 participants in two ongoing clinical trials. Data was collected about multiple vaccines including BNT162b2 (Pfizer), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), JNJ-78436735 (Johnson and Johnson), CoronaVac (Sinovac), BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm), adenovirus type-5-vectored vaccine, ZyCov-D, and BBV152 (Covaxin). The immune response and efficacy of such vaccines were 96% - 100% in healthy children and adolescents and were also acceptable in those with underlying disease and suppressed immune system. The current systematic review revealed favourable safety profiles of employed vaccines in children and adolescents; however, adverse reactions such as myocarditis and myopericarditis were reported which were transient and resolved entirely. Conclusion: Vaccinating children and adolescents aged 2 - 21 years old is beneficial to abort the Covid-19 pandemic. Moreover, the risk-benefit assessments revealed favourable results for vaccinating children and adolescents, especially those with underlying disease, alongside adults to prevent transmission, severe infection, negative outcomes, and new variants formation. Keywords: Covid-19; Vaccination; Immunization; Children; Adolescents; Systematic Review

scholarly journals Reference Values for the Six-Minute Walk Test in Healthy Children and Adolescents: a Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas de Assis Pereira Cacau ◽  
Valter Joviniano de Santana-Filho ◽  
Luana G Maynard ◽  
Mansueto G. Neto ◽  
Marcelo Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Six Minute Walk Test ◽  
Minute Walk

Is cognitive training an effective tool for improving cognitive function and real-life behaviour in healthy children and adolescents? A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 268-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Luis-Ruiz ◽  
Xavier Caldú ◽  
Cristina Sánchez-Castañeda ◽  
Roser Pueyo ◽  
Maite Garolera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Healthy Children
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