Effect of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function in children and adolescents: a systematic review of randomised trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 873-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rianda ◽  
R. Agustina ◽  
E.A. Setiawan ◽  
N.R.M. Manikam
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation

Available reviews have shown potential effects of probiotics on neurobehavioral outcomes through ‘gut-brain axis’ mechanism in adults. However, reviews on cognitive function in children and adolescents are lacking. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of the effect of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function in children and adolescents. A search of four databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycARTICLES, Scopus, PubMed) was conducted to identify RCTs published from January 1990 to December 2018. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria and their cognitive outcomes were analysed. Only one study found a positive result with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) 1×1010 cfu supplementation with outcomes on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or Asperger syndrome (AS) manifestations as diagnosed using the International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria. The supplementations were administered to Finnish mothers for 4 weeks before delivery and continuously given for 6 months after delivery if they breastfed, or to the children. ADHD or AS was diagnosed at the age of 13 years in 17.1% children in the placebo and none in the probiotic group (P=0.008). This study found significant differences in species composition and number of cells belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium between healthy children and children who later developed ADHD or AS at different time points. Six remaining studies with varying strains, durations of intervention, start-time of administration, and outcomes demonstrated no difference in cognition after probiotic supplementation. Metagenomic analyses on gut microbiota composition were not performed in any of these studies. In conclusion, the favourable effect of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function in children and adolescents was observed in one study with LGG supplementation by a risk reduction of developing ADHD or AS (i.e. autism). More long-term and follow-up trials using probiotics identifying the effect on cognition are warranted before routine use.

scholarly journals Comparison of effects of different dietary interventions on cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease: protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e042997
Author(s):  
Lili Chen ◽  
Xinhua Xu ◽  
Huizhen Cao ◽  
Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Meta Analyses

IntroductionAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterised by cognitive impairment. Non-pharmacological treatments such as diet therapy have been widely investigated in studies on AD. Given the synergistic effects of nutrients present in foods, considering overall dietary composition rather than focusing on a single nutrient may be more useful for evaluating the relationship between diet and AD cognition. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of different dietary interventions (eg, ketogenic and Mediterranean diets) on cognitive function in patients with AD in a systematic review and pairwise and network meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials or clinical trials.Methods and analysisTwo reviewers will independently conduct searches of PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Data will be extracted from selected studies and risk of bias will be assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and evidence quality will be assessed according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. The primary outcome of interest is cognitive function in patients with AD; secondary outcomes include biochemical biomarkers of AD and oxidative stress and/or inflammatory biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid or plasma. For each outcome, random-effects pairwise and network meta-analyses will be carried out to determine the pooled relative effect of each intervention relative to every other intervention.Ethics and disseminationAs this study is based solely on published literature, no ethics approval is required. The research will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

scholarly journals Effect of Berry-Based Supplements and Foods on cognitive function: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Bonyadi ◽  
Neda Dolatkhah ◽  
Yaghoub Salekzamani ◽  
Maryam Hashemian
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Freeze Dried

Abstract In the current decade, a growing body of evidence proposes the correlation between diet and cognitive function or dementia in the ageing population. This study was designed to appraise discoveries from the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to confirm the effects of Berry-Based supplements or foods on cognitive function in older adults. PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and ProQuest as well as SID, Magiran, and Iranmedex electronic databases were explored for human interventional studies up to March 2021. A total of 259 studies were recognized from the primary database searches, and after eliminating the duplicates, 225 studies remained. Of these, 102 were disqualified after screening the title and abstracts of studies. The lasting 17 studies were evaluated in full text and 10 studies (which include 583 participants) encountered the eligibility criteria. Of the included studies, seven were randomized parallel-group (n = 7), two were crossover (n = 2) and one was the pilot study (n = 1). In total, ten articles were identified using freeze-dried blueberries (n = 3 studies), blueberry concentrate (n = 2), beverage (n = 3), capsule (n = 1), extract and powder (n = 1). These studies were directed in older people with no recognized cognitive impairment or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The primary outcomes included episodic memory, long-term and short-term memory, working memory, executive function, psychomotor reaction time and attention. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of available clinical trials on the effects of berry-based supplements and foods on cognitive performances and brain perfusion parameters in elderlies with normal cognition or MCI. Existing evidence concludes that berry-based supplements and foods have beneficial effects on resting brain perfusion, cognitive function, memory performance, executive functioning, processing speed, and attention indices.

scholarly journals Effects of Mobile Health Including Wearable Activity Trackers to Increase Physical Activity Outcomes Among Healthy Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Böhm ◽  
Svenja D Karwiese ◽  
Harald Böhm ◽  
Renate Oberhoffer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Intervention Delivery ◽  
Activity Trackers ◽  
Wearable Activity Trackers

BACKGROUND Children and adolescents do not meet the current recommendations on physical activity (PA), and as such, the health-related benefits of regular PA are not achieved. Nowadays, technology-based programs represent an appealing and promising option for children and adolescents to promote PA. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the effects of mobile health (mHealth) and wearable activity trackers on PA-related outcomes in this target group. METHODS Electronic databases such as the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched to retrieve English language articles published in peer-reviewed journals from January 2012 to June 2018. Those included were articles that contained descriptions of interventions designed to increase PA among children (aged 6 to 12 years) only, or adolescents (aged 13 to 18 years) only, or articles that include both populations, and also, articles that measured at least 1 PA-related cognitive, psychosocial, or behavioral outcome. The interventions had to be based on mHealth tools (mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, or mobile apps) or wearable activity trackers. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs, cohort studies, before-and-after studies, and cross-sectional studies were considered, but only controlled studies with a PA comparison between groups were assessed for methodological quality. RESULTS In total, 857 articles were identified. Finally, 7 studies (5 with tools of mHealth and 2 with wearable activity trackers) met the inclusion criteria. All studies with tools of mHealth used an RCT design, and 3 were of high methodological quality. Intervention delivery ranged from 4 weeks to 12 months, whereby mainly smartphone apps were used as a tool. Intervention delivery in studies with wearable activity trackers covered a period from 22 sessions during school recess and 8 weeks. Trackers were used as an intervention and evaluation tool. No evidence was found for the effect of mHealth tools, respectively wearable activity trackers, on PA-related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Given the small number of studies, poor compliance with accelerometers as a measuring instrument for PA, risk of bias, missing RCTs in relation to wearable activity trackers, and the heterogeneity of intervention programs, caution is warranted regarding the comparability of the studies and their effects. There is a clear need for future studies to develop PA interventions grounded on intervention mapping with a high methodological study design for specific target groups to achieve meaningful evidence.

scholarly journals Comparative Effect of Low-Glycemic Index versus High-Glycemic Index Breakfasts on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1706
Author(s):  
Celia Álvarez-Bueno ◽  
Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno ◽  
Estela Jiménez López ◽  
María Eugenia Visier-Alfonso ◽  
Andrés Redondo-Tébar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
High Glycemic Index

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the effect of High-Glycemic Index (GI) versus Low-GI breakfasts on cognitive functions, including memory and attention, of children and adolescents. We systematically searched the MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science databases, from their inception until June 2019. Articles comparing the effect of Low-GI versus High-GI breakfasts on the cognitive function (i.e., immediate memory, delayed memory, and attention) of children and adolescents were included. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to compute the pooled effect sizes (ESs) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The pooled ESs were 0.13 (95% CI: −0.11, 0.37) for immediate memory and 0.07 (95% CI: −0.15, 0.28) for delayed memory. For attention, the pooled ES was −0.01 (95% CI: −0.27, 0.26). In summary, GI breakfasts do not affect cognitive domains in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Probiotic Supplementation for Promotion of Growth in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Joseph Catania ◽  
Natasha G. Pandit ◽  
Julie M. Ehrlich ◽  
Muizz Zaman ◽  
Elizabeth Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Growth Outcomes ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference

Probiotics are commonly prescribed to promote a healthy gut microbiome in children. Our objective was to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation on growth outcomes in children 0–59 months of age. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis which included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that administered probiotics to children aged 0–59 months, with growth outcomes as a result. We completed a random-effects meta-analysis and calculated a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) or relative risk (RR) and reported with a 95% confidence interval (CI). We included 79 RCTs, 54 from high-income countries (HIC), and 25 from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). LMIC data showed that probiotics may have a small effect on weight (SMD: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11–0.42, grade-certainty = low) and height (SMD 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06–0.25, grade-certainty = moderate). HIC data did not show any clinically meaningful effect on weight (SMD: 0.01, 95% CI: −0.04–0.05, grade-certainty = moderate), or height (SMD: −0.01, 95% CI: −0.06–0.04, grade-certainty = moderate). There was no evidence that probiotics affected the risk of adverse events. We conclude that in otherwise healthy children aged 0–59 months, probiotics may have a small but heterogenous effect on weight and height in LMIC but not in children from HIC.

Is cognitive training an effective tool for improving cognitive function and real-life behaviour in healthy children and adolescents? A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 268-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Luis-Ruiz ◽  
Xavier Caldú ◽  
Cristina Sánchez-Castañeda ◽  
Roser Pueyo ◽  
Maite Garolera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Healthy Children

scholarly journals Effectiveness of probiotics on the duration of illness in healthy children and adults who develop common acute respiratory infectious conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah King ◽  
Julie Glanville ◽  
Mary Ellen Sanders ◽  
Anita Fitzgerald ◽  
Danielle Varley
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Duration Of Illness

Recent systematic reviews have reported a positive, although modest, effect of probiotics in terms of preventing common cold symptoms. In this systematic review, the effect of probiotics, specifically Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains, on the duration of acute respiratory infections in otherwise healthy children and adults was evaluated. To identify relevant trials, eight databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Health Technology Assessment (HTA), Science Citation Index (SCI) and OAISTER, were searched from inception to 20 July 2012. Details regarding unpublished studies/databases were also obtained from probiotic manufacturers. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were carried out by two reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed using criteria adapted from those published by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. In this review, twenty randomised controlled trials (RCT) were included, of which twelve were considered to have a low risk of bias. Meta-analysis revealed significantly fewer numbers of days of illness per person (standardised mean difference (SMD) − 0·31 (95 % CI − 0·41, − 0·11), I2= 3 %), shorter illness episodes by almost a day (weighted mean difference − 0·77 (95 % CI − 1·50, − 0·04), I2= 80 %) (without an increase in the number of illness episodes), and fewer numbers of days absent from day care/school/work (SMD − 0·17 (95 % CI − 0·31, − 0·03), I2= 67 %) in participants who received a probiotic intervention than in those who had taken a placebo. Reasons for heterogeneity between the studies were explored in subgroup analysis, but could not be explained, suggesting that the effect sizes found may differ between the population groups. This systematic review provides evidence from a number of good-quality RCT that probiotics reduce the duration of illness in otherwise healthy children and adults.

Effective Parental intervention strategies to reduce screen time among preschool-aged children: A systematic review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Raj ◽  
Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat ◽  
Nor Afiah Mohd. Zulkefli ◽  
Norliza Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Parental Intervention

BACKGROUND The increasing screen time exposure among young children in general and the reported negative consequences associated with excessive ST, calls for focused strategies to reduce ST, especially among young children. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to identify effective parental intervention strategies to reduce ST among preschool children. METHODS A total of five databases, namely Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Medline Complete, PubMed, and Scopus, were searched for randomised controlled trials that involved intervention strategies in ST reduction among preschool children. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines were used. RESULTS A total of nine studies were assessed. The results showed that besides providing knowledge and awareness regarding ST, having restrictive practices, offering alternative activities to parents, and removal of screen from child’s bedroom were the most common strategies used by studies that reported successful intervention. Intervention duration of between six to eight weeks was sufficient to produce ST reduction. Face-to-face method was the commonest mode of delivery. Theoretical constructs that aimed at increasing parental self-efficacy, listing outcome expectations, and offering reinforcement of strategies that targeted both the parents and home environment were beneficial in reducing ST. CONCLUSIONS By offering appropriate strategies to parents, a reduction in the amount of ST was observed among the children. Future intervention studies could benefit in exploring culturally adapted strategies, especially in developing countries. Trials of higher quality would also facilitate the drawing of conclusions in future research. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO No: CRD42020199398

scholarly journals Effect of gut microbiota modulation on feeding tolerance of enterally fed critically ill adult patients: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmeh Seifi ◽  
Ali Jafarzadeh Esfahani ◽  
Alireza Sedaghat ◽  
Reza Rezvani ◽  
Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Clinical Endpoints ◽  
Feeding Tolerance

Abstract Purpose The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics on feeding tolerance of enterally fed critically ill adult patients. Methods MEDLINE, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to November 2019. English language randomized controlled trials reporting the effect of pre, pro or synbiotics on the feeding tolerance of enterally fed critically ill adult patients were included. Results Overall, 15 papers were selected for review. Among six studies reporting the energy intake, only two studies showed significantly higher energy intake in the prebiotic-receiving groups. Among four RCTs reporting frequency or time to achieve the target calorie, only one found a significant effect of probiotics to reduce the time to achieve a target dose of calorie. About the prevalence or duration of diarrhea, 7 out of 12 RCTs reported a beneficial effect. All but one study found no beneficial effects for gut microbiota manipulation on clinical endpoints including length of stay (LOS) in hospital and intensive care unit (ICU). Conclusion It should be noticed that the heterogeneity in study designs, product format, and ICU patient populations makes it difficult to draw any general conclusion. Overall, it seems that pre, pro, or synbiotics have no significant beneficial effect on feeding tolerance and clinical endpoints in critically ill adults, but they may reduce the prevalence or duration of diarrhea.

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