scholarly journals Development of a non-invasive method for skin cholesterol detection: pre-clinical assessment in atherosclerosis screening

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingshu Ni ◽  
Haiou Hong ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Shiqi Tang ◽  
Yongsheng Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Disease Group ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cholesterol Detection ◽  
Invasive Method

Abstract Background Establishing a high-accuracy and non-invasive method is essential for evaluating cardiovascular disease. Skin cholesterol is a novel marker for assessing the risk of atherosclerosis and can be used as an independent risk factor of early assessment of atherosclerotic risk. Methods We propose a non-invasive skin cholesterol detection method based on absorption spectroscopy. Detection reagents specifically bind to skin cholesterol and react with indicator to produce colored products, the skin cholesterol content can be obtained through absorption spectrum information on colored products detected by non-invasive technology. Gas chromatography is used to measure cholesterol extracted from the skin to verify the accuracy and reliability of the non-invasive test method. A total of 342 subjects were divided into normal group (n = 115), disease group (n = 110) and risk group (n = 117). All subjects underwent non-invasive skin cholesterol test. The diagnostic accuracy of the measured value was analyzed by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The proposed method is able to identify porcine skin containing gradient concentration of cholesterol. The values measured by non-invasive detection method were significantly correlated with gas chromatography measured results (r = 0.9074, n = 73, p < 0.001). Bland–Altman bias was − 72.78 ± 20.03 with 95% limits of agreement − 112.05 to − 33.51, falling within the prespecified clinically non-significant range. We further evaluated the method of patients with atherosclerosis and risk population as well as normal group, patients and risk atherosclerosis group exhibited higher skin cholesterol content than normal group (all P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve for distinguishing Normal/Disease group was 0.8642 (95% confidence interval, 0.8138 to 0.9146), meanwhile, the area under the ROC curve for distinguishing Normal/Risk group was 0.8534 (95% confidence interval, 0.8034 to 0.9034). Conclusions The method demonstrated its capability of detecting different concentration of skin cholesterol. This non-invasive skin cholesterol detection system may potentially be used as a risk assessment tool for atherosclerosis screening, especially for a large population.

scholarly journals Application of a New Non-Invasive Skin Cholesterol Detection Technology in Atherosclerosis Screening

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingshu Ni ◽  
Haiou Hong ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Shiqi Tang ◽  
Yongsheng Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Disease Group ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cholesterol Detection

Abstract Background: Establishing a high-accuracy and non-invasive method is essential for evaluating cardiovascular disease. Skin cholesterol is a novel marker for assessing the risk of atherosclerosis and can be used as an independent risk factor for early assessment of atherosclerotic risk.Methods: we propose a non-invasive skin cholesterol detection method based on absorption spectroscopy. Detection reagents specifically bind to skin cholesterol and react with indicator to produce colored products, the skin cholesterol content can be obtained through absorption spectrum information of colored products detected by noninvasive technology. Gas chromatography is used to measure cholesterol extracted from the skin to verify the accuracy of the noninvasive test method. A total of 163 subjects were divided into normal group(n=58), disease group (n=26) and risk group(n=79). All subjects underwent noninvasive skin cholesterol test. The diagnostic accuracy of the measured value was analyzed by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results: The proposed method is able to identify porcine skin containing gradient concentration of cholesterol and the values measured by non-invasive detection method were significantly correlated with gas chromatography measured results (r=0.9074, n=73, p<0.001). We further evaluated the method on patients with atherosclerosis and high risk population as well as normal group, patients and high risk atherosclerosis group exhibited higher skin cholesterol content than normal group (all P<0.001). The area under the ROC curve for distinguishing Normal/Disease group was 0.8243(95% confidence interval, 0.7165 to 0.9321), however, the area under the ROC curve for distinguishing Normal/Risk group was 0.8488(95% confidence interval, 0.7793 to 0.9182). Conclusions: The method demonstrated its capability of detecting different concentration of skin cholesterol. This non-invasive skin cholesterol detection system may potentially be used as a risk assessment tool for atherosclerosis screening, especially in a large population.

scholarly journals HUMAN DNA QUANTIFICATION IN THE STOOLS OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda TEIXEIRA ◽  
Jacqueline Miranda LIMA ◽  
Maria Luiza Almeida Prado Oliveira SOUZA ◽  
Pedro AGUIAR Jr ◽  
Tiago Donizetti SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Dna Quantification ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Human Dna ◽  
The World ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

Background - Colorectal cancer is one of the main cause of cancer in the world. Colonoscopy is the best screen method, however the compliance is less than 50%. Quantification of human DNA (hDNA) in the feces may be a possible screen non-invasive method that is a consequence of the high proliferation and exfoliation of cancer cells. Objective - To quantify the human DNA in the stools of patients with colorectal cancer or polyps. Methods - Fifty patients with CRC, 26 polyps and 53 with normal colonoscopy were included. Total and human DNA were analyzed from the frozen stools. Results - An increased concentration of hDNA in the stools was observed in colorectal cancer patients compared to controls and polyps. Tumors localized in the left side of the colon had higher concentrations of hDNA. There were no difference between polyps and controls. A cut off of 0.87 ng/mL of human DNA was determined for colorectal cancer patients by the ROC curve, with a sensitivity of 66% and a specificity of 86.8%. For polyps the cut off was 0.41, the sensitivity was 41% and the specificity 77.4%. Conclusion - A higher concentration of hDNA had been found in colorectal cancer patients The quantification of hDNA from the stools can be a trial method for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY WITH INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND IN EVALUATION OF CORONARY PLAQUES PARAMETERS

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
M. A. Shariya ◽  
M. S. Shabanova ◽  
T. N. Veselova ◽  
I. N. Merkulova ◽  
V. M. Mironov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intravascular Ultrasound ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Coronary Ct ◽  
Remodeling Index ◽  
Area Under Roc Curve ◽  
Invasive Method

Purpose.To determine the possibilities of coronary CT-angiography (CTA) in evaluation of qualitative and qualitative parameters of coronary plaques in comparison with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).Matherials and methods.37 patients (29 men, 8 women) with symptoms of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were included in the study. Unstable angina was detected in 24 patients, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) – in 13 patients. Averageage was 58 [44; 65] years. CTA had been performed as the first method of beam diagnostics in all cases if it was not necessary to use the emergency selective coronary angiography (CAG). IVUS was performed in one, two or three coronary arteries of every patient. Total, 60 coronary lesionsin 55 arteries were examined with IVUS. IVUS data was compared with CTA data.Results.Methods well correlated in detection of plaque burden (r = 0.823; p < 0.0001), plaque length (r = 0.932, p < 0.0001), remodeling index(RI) (r = 0.906; p < 0.0001). Sensitivity and specificity of CTA in detection of irregular contour was 96.1% and 88.9% (area under ROC-curve 0.925), positive remodeling – 100% and 97.4% (area under ROC-curve 0.974). CTA and IVUS in evaluation of spotty calcinates was not coincide in 9 plaques, sensitivity and specificity of CTA in detection of 71% and 100% (area under ROC-curve 0.855).Discussion.Comparison of CTA and IVUS was performed in evaluation of plaques features in patients with ACS. This analysis showed high comparability of methods for evaluation of coronary stenosis degree, RI, plaque burden, length and contour. Thus, the characteristics of plaques according to CTA data can be used to stratify the risk of development of ACS.Conclusion.CTA – fast non-invasive method of coronary plaques evaluation. CTA correlates well with IVUS.

Malfunctional Reorganization in the Developing Limbo-Prefrontal System in Animals: Implications for Human Psychoses?

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt ◽  
Ralf R. Dawirs
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Activity Dependent

Abstract: Neuroplasticity research in connection with mental disorders has recently bridged the gap between basic neurobiology and applied neuropsychology. A non-invasive method in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculus) - the restricted versus enriched breading and the systemically applied single methamphetamine dose - offers an experimental approach to investigate psychoses. Acts of intervening affirm an activity dependent malfunctional reorganization in the prefrontal cortex and in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and reveal the dopamine position as being critical for the disruption of interactions between the areas concerned. From the extent of plasticity effects the probability and risk of psycho-cognitive development may be derived. Advance may be expected from insights into regulatory mechanisms of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus which is obviously to meet the necessary requirements to promote psycho-cognitive functions/malfunctions via the limbo-prefrontal circuit.

scholarly journals CT perfusion in peripheral arterial disease—hemodynamic differences before and after revascularisation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Veit-Haibach ◽  
Martin W. Huellner ◽  
Martin Banyai ◽  
Sebastian Mafeld ◽  
Johannes Heverhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Ct Perfusion ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Therapy Control ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was the assessment of volumetric CT perfusion (CTP) of the lower leg musculature in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) before and after interventional revascularisation. Methods Twenty-nine consecutive patients with symptomatic PAD of the lower extremities requiring interventional revascularisation were assessed prospectively. All patients underwent a CTP scan of the lower leg, and hemodynamic and angiographic assessment, before and after intervention. Ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) was determined. CTP parameters were calculated with a perfusion software, acting on a no outflow assumption. A sequential two-compartment model was used. Differences in CTP parameters were assessed with non-parametric tests. Results The cohort consisted of 24 subjects with an occlusion, and five with a high-grade stenosis. The mean blood flow before/after (BFpre and BFpost, respectively) was 7.42 ± 2.66 and 10.95 ± 6.64 ml/100 ml*min−1. The mean blood volume before/after (BVpre and BVpost, respectively) was 0.71 ± 0.35 and 1.25 ± 1.07 ml/100 ml. BFpost and BVpost were significantly higher than BFpre and BVpre in the treated limb (p = 0.003 and 0.02, respectively), but not in the untreated limb (p = 0.641 and 0.719, respectively). Conclusions CTP seems feasible for assessing hemodynamic differences in calf muscles before and after revascularisation in patients with symptomatic PAD. We could show that CTP parameters BF and BV are significantly increased after revascularisation of the symptomatic limb. In the future, this quantitative method might serve as a non-invasive method for surveillance and therapy control of patients with peripheral arterial disease. Key Points • CTP imaging of the lower limb in patients with symptomatic PAD seems feasible for assessing hemodynamic differences before and after revascularisation in PAD patients. • This quantitative method might serve as a non-invasive method, for surveillance and therapy control of patients with PAD.

scholarly journals Asymmetric TCD Findings in Malignant MCA Infarction, Resolution after Decompressive Hemicraniectomy: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Hazel Gaile  Barrozo ◽  
Maria Anna De Guzman ◽  
Jose  Navarro ◽  
Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Brain Swelling ◽  
Decompressive Hemicraniectomy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Malignant Mca Infarction ◽  
Subsequent Rise ◽  
Very High ◽  
Hemispheric Infarct

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is a non-invasive method for assessing cerebral hemodynamics in the acute phase of stroke. We report a case of a 33-year-old man who presented with a massive left hemispheric infarct developing into “malignant” MCA infarction. TCD was utilized to monitor intracranial hemodynamics while the clinical and neuroimaging findings were used to help us in the decision to proceed with decompressive craniectomy (DC). Pre-operatively, there was reduced mean flow velocities (MFV) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) with increasing pulsatility index (PI) ipsilateral to the infarct. The subsequent but smaller rise in the PI in the contralateral MCA was suggestive of very high intracranial pressure (ICP) from massive brain swelling. Serial TCD examinations post-operatively showed normalization of the PI, and subsequent rise in the left MCA MFV. Clinical improvement was also noted as the TCD findings improved. The asymmetry in TCD findings can be attributed to occlusion of the MCA with subsequent spontaneous recanalisation, occlusion of the MCA with subsequent recanalisation due to the DC, or initial occlusion and subsequent pressure effects on the arterioles of the MCA due to the “malignant” edema of that hemisphere that was relieved by DC. This case illustrates the value of TCD as a useful modality in monitoring intracranial hemodynamics in acute stroke.

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