scholarly journals Cobalt-doped bioceramic scaffolds fabricated by 3D printing show enhanced osteogenic and angiogenic properties for bone repair

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungang Li ◽  
Chaoqian Zhao ◽  
Chun Liu ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Zeming Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Doping Concentration ◽  
Artificial Bone ◽  
Bone Defect Repair ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
Defect Repair ◽  
Co Doped

Abstract Background The bone regeneration of artificial bone grafts is still in need of a breakthrough to improve the processes of bone defect repair. Artificial bone grafts should be modified to enable angiogenesis and thus improve osteogenesis. We have previously revealed that crystalline Ca10Li(PO4)7 (CLP) possesses higher compressive strength and better biocompatibility than that of pure beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). In this work, we explored the possibility of cobalt (Co), known for mimicking hypoxia, doped into CLP to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Methods We designed and manufactured porous scaffolds by doping CLP with various concentrations of Co (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mol%) and using 3D printing techniques. The crystal phase, surface morphology, compressive strength, in vitro degradation, and mineralization properties of Co-doped and -undoped CLP scaffolds were investigated. Next, we investigated the biocompatibility and effects of Co-doped and -undoped samples on osteogenic and angiogenic properties in vitro and on bone regeneration in rat cranium defects. Results With increasing Co-doping level, the compressive strength of Co-doped CLP scaffolds decreased in comparison with that of undoped CLP scaffolds, especially when the Co-doping concentration increased to 1 mol%. Co-doped CLP scaffolds possessed excellent degradation properties compared with those of undoped CLP scaffolds. The (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 mol%) Co-doped CLP scaffolds had mineralization properties similar to those of undoped CLP scaffolds, whereas the 1 mol% Co-doped CLP scaffolds shown no mineralization changes. Furthermore, compared with undoped scaffolds, Co-doped CLP scaffolds possessed excellent biocompatibility and prominent osteogenic and angiogenic properties in vitro, notably when the doping concentration was 0.25 mol%. After 8 weeks of implantation, 0.25 mol% Co-doped scaffolds had markedly enhanced bone regeneration at the defect site compared with that of the undoped scaffold. Conclusion In summary, CLP doped with 0.25 mol% Co2+ ions is a prospective method to enhance osteogenic and angiogenic properties, thus promoting bone regeneration in bone defect repair.

scholarly journals Decellularized pulp matrix as scaffold for mesenchymal stem cell mediated bone regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204173142098167
Author(s):  
Dong Joon Lee ◽  
Patricia Miguez ◽  
Jane Kwon ◽  
Renie Daniel ◽  
Ricardo Padilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Dystrophic Calcification ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bone Defect Repair ◽  
Defect Repair ◽  
Osteogenic Gene Expression ◽  
Osteogenic Gene

Scaffolds that are used for bone repair should provide an adequate environment for biomineralization by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Recently, decellularized pulp matrices (DPM) have been utilized in endodontics for their high regenerative potential. Inspired by the dystrophic calcification on the pulp matrix known as pulp stone, we developed acellular pulp bioscaffolds and examined their potential in facilitating MSCs mineralization for bone defect repair. Pulp was decellularized, then retention of its structural integrity was confirmed by histological, mechanical, and biochemical evaluations. MSCs were seeded and proliferation, osteogenic gene expression, and biomineralization were assessed to verify DPM’s osteogenic effects in vitro. MicroCT, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and histological analyses were used to confirm that DPM seeded with MSCs result in greater mineralization on rat critical-sized defects than that without MSCs. Overall, our study proves DPM’s potential to serve as a scaffolding material for MSC-mediated bone regeneration for future craniofacial bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Tuning filament composition and microstructure of 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds facilitate bone defect regeneration and repair

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Chen ◽  
Jiaping Huang ◽  
Jiamei Liu ◽  
Yingming Wei ◽  
Xianyan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Shell Layer ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Component Distribution ◽  
Bone Defect Repair ◽  
Defect Repair

Abstract It is still a challenge to optimize the component distribution and microporous structures in scaffolds for tailoring biodegradation (ion releasing) and enhancing bone defect repair within an expected time stage. Herein, the core–shell-typed nonstoichiometric wollastonite (4% and 10% Mg-doping calcium silicate; CSiMg4, CSiMg10) macroporous scaffolds with microporous shells (adding ∼10 μm PS microspheres into shell-layer slurry) were fabricated via 3D printing. The initial mechanical properties and bio-dissolution (ion releasing) in vitro, and osteogenic capacity in vivo of the bioceramic scaffolds were evaluated systematically. It was shown that endowing high-density micropores in the sparingly dissolvable CSiMg10 or dissolvable CSiMg4 shell layer inevitably led to nearly 30% reduction of compressive strength, but such micropores could readily tune the ion release behaviour of the scaffolds (CSiMg4@CSiMg10 vs. CSiMg4@CSiMg10-p; CSiMg10@CSiMg4 vs. CSiMg10@CSiMg4-p). Based on the in rabbit femoral bone defect repair model, the 3D μCT reconstruction and histological observation demonstrated that the CSiMg4@CSiMg10-p scaffolds displayed markedly higher osteogenic capability than the other scaffolds after 12 weeks of implantation. It demonstrated that core–shell bioceramic 3D printing technique can be developed to fabricate single-phase or biphasic bioactive ceramic scaffolds with accurately tailored filament biodegradation for promoting bone defect regeneration and repair in some specific pathological conditions.

Enhanced Bone Regeneration and Bone Defect Repair Using Magnesium/Lithium-Co-Modified, Porous, Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-136
Author(s):  
Hai-Yan Zhao ◽  
Releken-Yeersheng ◽  
Ya-Yi Xia ◽  
Xing-Wen Han ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Bone Defect Repair ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Composite ◽  
Defect Repair ◽  
Osteogenic Effect

Background: Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been frequently used in clinic, but it is hard to be degraded, and insufficient in osteogenesis and angiogenesis. This study aimed to modify HA by doping magnesium/lithium (Mg/Li) and assess the Mg/LiHA scaffold's bone regeneration and bone defect repair effects. Materials and Methods: The biomaterial was identified using XRD, FTIR and SEM. The porosity, cell mediated degradation behavior and mechanical property were investigated. Meanwhile, cell proliferation and adhesion were also exploited. Finally, osteogenic effect of Mg/LiHA scaffold in vitro, and bone defect repair effect in vivo were researched. Results: The results suggested that low-content of Mg/Li incorporation did not influence on the structure of HA. The cells mediated degradation experiments indicated that Mg/Li doped HA could improve the biological degradation and release the Mg2+ and Li+ sustainedly. The compressive strength of Mg/LiHA scaffolds with 63% porosity reached to 3.9 MPa. Cells proliferation and adhesion experiments demonstrated that Mg/LiHA scaffolds were beneficial to cell growth and attachment. Furthermore, Mg/LiHA scaffolds increased ALP expression, calcium phosphate deposition and VEGF expression in vitro. The bone defect repair in vivo was enhanced by using Mg/LiHA scaffolds. Conclusion: Mg/Li-co-substituted HA could enhance bone regeneration and bone defect repair, and may be recommended to further research on bone defect repair.

scholarly journals Three-dimensionally printed polycaprolactone/multicomponent bioactive glass scaffolds for potential application in bone tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Amirhosein Fathi ◽  
Farzad Kermani ◽  
Aliasghar Behnamghader ◽  
Sara Banijamali ◽  
Masoud Mozafari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Co Doped

AbstractOver the last years, three-dimensional (3D) printing has been successfully applied to produce suitable substitutes for treating bone defects. In this work, 3D printed composite scaffolds of polycaprolactone (PCL) and strontium (Sr)- and cobalt (Co)-doped multi-component melt-derived bioactive glasses (BGs) were prepared for bone tissue engineering strategies. For this purpose, 30% of as-prepared BG particles (size <38 μm) were incorporated into PCL, and then the obtained composite mix was introduced into a 3D printing machine to fabricate layer-by-layer porous structures with the size of 12 × 12 × 2 mm3.The scaffolds were fully characterized through a series of physico-chemical and biological assays. Adding the BGs to PCL led to an improvement in the compressive strength of the fabricated scaffolds and increased their hydrophilicity. Furthermore, the PCL/BG scaffolds showed apatite-forming ability (i.e., bioactivity behavior) after being immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). The in vitro cellular examinations revealed the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds and confirmed them as suitable substrates for the adhesion and proliferation of MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. In conclusion, 3D printed composite scaffolds made of PCL and Sr- and Co-doped BGs might be potentially-beneficial bone replacements, and the achieved results motivate further research on these materials.

Nano-Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Based on Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 and Its Application in Bone Defect Repair

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1330-1338
Author(s):  
Shibai Zhu ◽  
Xiaotian Zhang ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Yiou Wang ◽  
Shanni Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Defect ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Artificial Bone ◽  
Bone Defect Repair ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Defect Repair ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Scaffold ◽  
Recombinant Human Bone

The best way in which to prepare scaffolds with good biological properties is an urgent problem in the field of tissue engineering. In this paper we discuss the preparation of nano-hydroxyapatite scaffold of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and its application in bone defect repair. rhBMP-2 reagent was dissolved in 1 mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and the rhBMP-2 solution was added to the nano-hydroxyapatite artificial bone with a 100 μL glass micro dropper at the rate of 10 drops/min to obtain Nano-HA/rhBMP-2 composite artificial bone. In in vivo experiments, rabbits were fixed on an operating table, a 2 cm longitudinal incision was made in the middle part of the radial forearm, and the radius was cut with a wire saw and periosteum, 2.5 cm away from the distal radius. After washing the wound with normal saline, Adv-hBMP-2/MC3T3-E1 nano-HA composite artificial bone, MC3T3-E1 nan-HA composite artificial bone, or Nano-HA artificial bone were implanted in different groups. The artificial bone scaffold prepared in this study has a stronger ability to repair bone defects than the alternatives, and is a promising prospect for the clinical treatment of bone defects.

Evaluation of 5% Na2O-Incorporated Calcium Metaphosphate as a Scaffold for Tissue-Engineered Bone Regeneration

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 985-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Yoon ◽  
J.T. Kim ◽  
Eui Kyun Park ◽  
Shin Yoon Kim ◽  
Chang Kuk You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Ectopic Bone Formation ◽  
Cellular Reaction ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Cellular Attachment ◽  
Ectopic Bone ◽  
Osteogenic Effect

As a part of the effort to develop a suitable scaffold for tissue-engineered bone regeneration, we modified calcium metaphosphate (CMP) ceramic with Na20 and evaluated its efficiency as a scaffold. We incorporate 5% Na20 into pure CMP and prepare for an average pore size of 250 or 450 µm average pore sizes. The incorporation of 5% Na2O caused reduced compressive strength and there was no change in biodegradability. The in vitro cellular attachment and proliferation rate, however, were slightly improved. The 5% Na2O-incorporated macroporous CMP ceramic-cell constructs treated with Emdogain induced ectopic bone formation more effectively than those without Emdogain treatment. These results suggest that the incorporation of 5% Na2O into pure CMP is not effective for improving the physical characteristics of pure CMP but it is positive for improving the cellular reaction and osteogenic effect with the addition of Emdogain.

Effect of Ce-Mn Codoping on the Structural, Morphological and Electrical Properties of the BaTiO3 Based Ceramics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 12215-12226
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Doping Concentration ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
Mn Doped ◽  
Co Doped

Undoped, Cerium (Ce) doped, Manganese (Mn) doped and Ce-Mn co-doped Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) with the general formula Ba1-xCexMnyTi1-yO3 (where x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, y = 0.00; x = 0.00, y =0.01, 0.02, 0.03; and x = y = 0.01, 0.02,0.03) were synthesized by solid-state reaction method and sintered at 1200 C for 4 hr with an aim to study their structural and electrical properties. The grain size of the samples has been estimated using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the structure of the Ce-doped and Ce-Mn co-doped BaTiO3 is cubic. However, the undoped BaTiO3 and Mn-doped BaTiO3 confirmed the tetragonal-cubic mixed phases. With the change of doping concentrations, the positions of different peaks shifted slightly. The lattice parameter varied irregularly with increasing doping concentration because of Mn's changeable valency. EDX spectra confirmed the presence of Ba, Ti, Ce, and Mn contents in the co-doped samples with stoichiometric ratio. Crystallinity is observed to be clearly increased when Ce-Mn is co-doped in BaTiO3. J-V characteristic curves indicate transition from conducting to semiconducting nature for the doped and co-doped samples with the increase in temperature. The dielectric constant of the samples increases up to 4500 with the doping concentration. The higher values of dielectric constant are observed for the 2% Mn-doped and 1% Ce-Mn co-doped samples compared to the other undoped samples. For the undoped and Mn-doped samples, constant dielectric values increase with temperature but decrease for the Ce-doped and Ce-Mn co-doped samples. It is inferred that co-doping of BaTiO3 with Ce and Mn would be beneficial and economical for its applications.

Fabrication and characterization of bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-alendronate scaffold cross-linked by glutaraldehyde for bone regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-560
Author(s):  
Samirah ◽  
Aniek Setiya Budiatin ◽  
Ferdiansyah Mahyudin ◽  
Junaidi Khotib
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Swelling Ratio ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Bovine Hydroxyapatite

Abstract Objectives Alendronate are widely used in the treatment of bone disorders characterized by inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption such as Paget’s disease, fibrous dysplasia, myeloma, bone metastases and osteoporosis. In recent studies alendronate improves proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, thereby facilitating for bone regeneration. The disadvantages of this class are their poor bioavailability and side effects on oral and intravenous application such as stomach irritation and osteonecrosis in jaw. Thus, local treatment of alendronate is needed in order to achieve high concentration of drug. Bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin scaffold with alendronate was studied. Glutaraldehyde was used as cross-linking agent, increase the characteristics of this scaffold. The objectives of this study were to manufacture and characterize alendronate scaffold using bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin and crosslinked by glutaraldehyde. Methods Preparation of cross-linked bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin and alendronate scaffold with different concentration of glutaraldehyde (0.00, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00%). The scaffolds were characterized for compressive strength, porosity, density, swelling ratio, in vitro degradation, and cytotoxicity (the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay, shorted as MTT assay). Results Bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-alendronate scaffold cross-linked with glutaraldehyde showed lower density than without glutaraldehyde. As glutaraldehyde concentration increased, porosity also increased. Eventually, it reduced compressive strength. Swelling ratio and in vitro degradation was negatively dependent on glutaraldehyde concentration. In addition, the scaffold has a good safety by MTT assay. Conclusions Bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-alendronate scaffold was fabricated with various concentrations of glutaraldehyde. The presence of glutaraldehyde on bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-alendronate is safe and suitable candidate scaffold for bone regeneration.

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