scholarly journals Icariin improves testicular dysfunction via enhancing proliferation and inhibiting mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo He ◽  
Huiqing Liu ◽  
Linlin Hu ◽  
Yaohui Wang ◽  
Lane Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Reproductive Dysfunction ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Testicular Dysfunction

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease, severely impairs male reproductive function. However, the underpinning mechanisms are still incompletely defined, and there are no effective strategies or medicines for these reproductive lesions. Icariin (ICA), the main active component extracted from Herba epimedii, is a flavonoid traditionally used to treat testicular dysfunction. Whether ICA can improve male reproductive dysfunction caused by DM and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, by employing metformin as a comparative group, we evaluated the protective effects of ICA on male reproductive damages caused by DM and explored the possible mechanisms. Methods Rats were fed with a high fat diet (HFD) and then intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Diabetic rats were randomly divided into T2DM + saline group, T2DM + metformin group and T2DM + ICA group. Rats without the treatment of HFD and STZ were used as control group. The morphology of testicular tissues was examined by histological staining. The mRNA expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Immunostaining detected the protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in testicular tissues. TUNEL assay was performed to determine cell apoptosis in the testicular tissues. The protein expression levels of HIF-1α and SIRT1 in the testicular tissues were determined by western blot assay. Results ICA effectively improved male reproductive dysfunction of diabetic rats. ICA administration significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin resistance index (IRI). In addition, ICA increased testis weight, epididymis weight, sperm number, sperm motility and the cross-sectional area of seminiferous tubule. ICA recovered the number of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and Sertoli cells. Furthermore, ICA upregulated the expression of PCNA, activated SRIT1-HIF-1α signaling pathway, and inhibited intrinsic mitochondria dependent apoptosis pathway by upregulating the expression of Bcl-2 and downregulating the expression of Bax and caspase 3. Conclusion These results suggest that ICA could attenuate male reproductive dysfunction of diabetic rats possibly via increasing cell proliferation and decreasing cell apoptosis of testis. ICA potentially represents a novel therapeutic strategy against DM-induced testicular damages.

scholarly journals Chronic stress: a crucial promoter of cell apoptosis in atherosclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 030006051881460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-bing Meng ◽  
Meng-jie Shan ◽  
Ze-mou Yu ◽  
Jian Lv ◽  
Ruo-mei Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Balloon Injury ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Diet Model

Objective Chronic stress may lead to augmented incidence rates of coronary and cerebrovascular diseases associated with atherosclerosis. However, few studies have focused on the effect of chronic stress on atherosclerosis plaque formation. Therefore, this study was designed to directly evaluate how chronic stress affects atherosclerosis. Methods Thirty rabbits were divided into three groups: the control group, balloon-injury operation + high-fat diet model group, and chronic stress + balloon-injury operation + high-fat diet model group. Physical and social stress were induced, and proteomic methods were applied to identify specific markers. Results After protein determination, the chronic stress + balloon-injury operation + high-fat diet model group exhibited significant upregulation of the following apoptosis-related proteins: UBE2K, caspase 3, caspase 9, BAX, P53, and FAS. In particular, real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the protein expression of caspase 9 was significantly downregulated in the stress group compared with the non-stress groups. However, the other proteins showed significantly increased expression in the stress group. Conclusion Chronic stress may promote cell apoptosis in the physiopathologic process of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of the effect of Ocimum sanctum and metformin on serum lipid profile in high fat diet fed diabetic rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 589
Author(s):  
Shailendra Mishra ◽  
Quazi Shahir Ahmed ◽  
Kauser Sayedda
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
High Fat

Background: Dyslipidaemia is an important risk factor for development of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ocimum sanctum (OS) and metformin have shown to have antihyperlipidaemic effects. The present study was undertaken  to evaluate the effects of  OS and Metformin on body weight & plasma lipid  levels of high fat diet fed diabetic ratsMethods: Total of 30 male wistar  rats (100-150gm) were obtained. Animals were fed with a high fat diet throughout the study (6 weeks). Diabetes was induced by using single intra-peritoneal injection of Streptozotocin 50mg/kg at the end of 4 weeks.  Diabetic rats were divided into groups of 6 each and treated as follows: Group 1- Diabetic control, was given vehicle orally. Group 2- O.S. ethanolic extract 100mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days. Group 3- O.S. ethanolic extract  200mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days. Group 4-  Metformin 100mg/day for 14 daysResults: At the end of 4 weeks, body weight of rats were significantly increased (p <0.05). Maximum weight gain was seen in control group whereas weight gain was least in O.S. 200mg/kg group (p >0.05). Decrease in body weight was seen in metformin group. Abdominal circumference of rats also showed similar pattern (p >0.05).  OS 200 caused significant reduction in serum LDL levels (p <0.05) and significant rise of serum HDL levels (p <0.05) as compared to control group. Metformin also favourably affected the lipid profile and its effects were not significantly different from effects of OS 200 (p> 0.05).Conclusions: Present study revealed that Ocimum Sanctum caused significant reduction in serum lipid levels in high fat diet fed diabetic rats. Metformin  also exhibited antihyperlipidaemic activity. So, it is concluded that OS or metformin alone or in combination  could be a novel adjunct to diet and life style modification for the management of dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes.  Further studies are required to confirm the antidyslipidaemic activities of individual phytoconstituents of Ocimum sanctum.

scholarly journals Atractylodes chinensis Water Extract Ameliorates Obesity via Promotion of the SIRT1/AMPK Expression in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2992
Author(s):  
Yea-Jin Park ◽  
Min-gyu Seo ◽  
Divina C. Cominguez ◽  
Insik Han ◽  
Hyo-Jin An
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Increased Risk

Obesity remains a continuing global health concern, as it is associated with an increased risk of many chronic diseases. Atractylodes chinensis Koidz. (Ac) is traditionally used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis, hepatitis, and gastric ulcers. Despite the diverse pharmacological activities of Ac, scientific evidence for the use of Ac in obesity is still limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the anti-obesity effects of Ac. C57BL/6N mice were divided into five groups as follows: chow diet group (CON), 45% HFD group, HFD + oral administration of orlistat group, and HFD + oral administration of Ac groups. RT-PCR and western blotting were used to examine the expression of molecules relating to obesity progression. Ac-administered mice showed dramatically decreased body weight and weight gain compared to the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. In addition, Ac administration attenuated the protein expression levels of adipogenic transcription factors in the white adipose tissue (WAT) and livers of HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, Ac administration declined the expression levels of lipogenic genes, while enhancing those of the fatty acid oxidation genes in the WAT of HFD-fed mice. Importantly, Ac administration highly upregulated the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression levels in WAT of the HFD-induced obese mouse model. Our results provide evidence that Ac can effectively ameliorate weight gain and adipose tissue expansion.

Vitamin K2 can suppress the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4, and inhibit calcification of aortic intima in ApoE-/- mice as well as smooth muscle cells

Vascular ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaojun Wang ◽  
Zhongqun Wang ◽  
Jie Zhu ◽  
Xinguang Long ◽  
Jinchuan Yan
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Vitamin K2 ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Tlr4 Mrna

Background and objectives Vascular calcification is a common complication in atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence showed that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate pro-inflammatory and atherosclerosis. Recent studies demonstrated that vascular calcification is one of the detrimental effects of vitamin K (Vit K) antagonists. However, the effects of Vit K on the expression of TLR2 and 4 and intimal calcification in artery remained unidentified. Methods and results Eighteen ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into model group, Vit K-treated group, and control group. The mice of model and Vit K-treated group were fed with high-fat diet, while control group mice were fed with normal diet. Mice of Vit K-treated group were administered orally with vitamin K2 (40 mg.kg−1.day−1) for 12 weeks. Twelve weeks later the aortic sections of mice were acquired and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and von Kossa, respectively. Calcium content and activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at aortic tissues were measured. The expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 in aorta sections were detected by immunohistochemisty and RT-PCR, respectively. The effects of Vit K on cellular calcification were further studied in A7r5 SMCs. Results demonstrated that high-fat diet induced typical atherosclerosis with intimal calcification in ApoE-/- mice, while in Vit K-treated group atherosclerosis and calcium deposits were not serious; Vit K2 also inhibited cellular calcification in A7r5 SMCs. Quantitative analysis showed that calcium and ALP activity at aortic tissues in the Vit K-treated mice were significantly lower than that of the model group ( P < 0.01); Compared to the control group, the expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 in the model group were significantly higher ( P < 0.05), while in Vit K-treated group the levels of TLR2 and 4 were significantly lower than that in the model group. Furthermore, the content of calcium was positively related to the expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA at aortic tissues ( r = 0.77 and r = 0.79, respectively, both P < 0.001). Conclusion VitK2 can inhibit intimal calcification of aortic artery induced by high-fat diet in ApoE-/- mice and A7r5 SMCs calcification induced by β-sodium glycerophosphate, and meanwhile can reduce the expression of TLR2 and TLR4. These results suggested that the effects of VitK2 on vascular calcification may be associated with the expression of TLR2 and TLR4.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Effect of Fresh Nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) in Low-Dose Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hwan Hwang ◽  
Il-Jun Kang ◽  
Soon Sung Lim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

The objective of the present study was to evaluateα-glucosidase inhibitory and antidiabetic effects of Nopal water extract (NPWE) and Nopal dry power (NADP) in low-dose streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by HFD and low-dose STZ. The rats were divided into four groups as follows: (1) nondiabetic rats fed a regular diet (RD-Control); (2) low-dose STZ-induced diabetic rats fed HFD (HF-STZ-Control); (3) low-dose STZ-induced diabetic rats fed HFD and supplemented with NPWE (100 mg/kg body weight, HF-STZ-NPWE); and (4) low-dose STZ-induced diabetic rats fed HFD and supplemented with comparison medication (rosiglitazone, 10 mg/kg, body weight, HF-STZ-Rosiglitazone). In results, NPWE and NADP had IC50values of 67.33 and 86.68 μg/mL, both of which exhibit inhibitory activities but lower than that of acarbose (38.05 μg/mL) while NPWE group significantly decreased blood glucose levels compared to control and NPDP group on glucose tolerance in the high-fat diet fed rats model (P<0.05). Also, the blood glucose levels of HR-STZ-NPWE group were significantly lower (P<0.05) than HR-STZ-Control group on low-dose STZ-induced diabetic rats fed HFD. Based on these findings, we suggested that NPWE could be considered for the prevention and/or treatment of blood glucose and a potential use as a dietary supplement.

scholarly journals ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF PERILLYL ALCOHOL, A MONOTERPENE ON HIGH-FAT DIET LOW-DOSE STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETES IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
TOWSEEF HASSAN ◽  
ELANCHEZHIYAN C ◽  
INSHA NASEER
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Perillyl Alcohol ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Reference Drug

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of Perillyl alcohol (POH) in high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Methods: In experimental rats fed with HFD for 4 weeks, diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (35 mg/kg body weight [BW]). Three days after STZ induction, the hyperglycemic rats were treated with POH orally at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg BW daily for 30 days. Glibenclamide (6 mg/kg BW) was used as reference drug. Blood glucose level, BW, fluid intake, and food intake such as parameters were analyzed throughout the experiment period. Serum and plasma biochemical parameters were also estimated. Assay on insulin resistance was also done. Histological study of the pancreas and liver was also performed. Results: POH orally at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg BW for 30 days significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently reduced and normalized blood glucose levels as compared to that of HFD+STZ control group. Serum and plasma parameters were significantly (p<0.05) restored toward the normal levels in POH-treated rats as compared to HFD-STZ control animals. Histological study of liver and pancreas also shows the prominent regeneration in POH and glibenclamide treated rats. Conclusion: The present study concludes that POH demonstrated promising antidiabetic action in HFD STZ-induced diabetic rats.

scholarly journals ANTIDIABETIC EFFECTS OF [10]-GINGEROL IN STREPTOZOTOCIN- AND HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
ASHUTOSH KUMAR YADAV ◽  
REETU ◽  
ARUN GARG
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

Objective: India is the “diabetes capital of the world” with 62.4 million Indians having type 2 diabetes in 2011. A major risk factor for insulin resistance is obesity, which is generally caused by regular physical inactivity and high-fat diet (HFD). Obesity and diabetes are closely related to each other as about 80% of diabetics are obese. Obesity is a common finding in type 2 diabetes. The objective of the study was to investigate the antidiabetic effects of [10]-gingerol in streptozotocin (STZ)- and HFD-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Wistar rats were used for the study. Animals were divided into six groups. The six groups in this study were, Group I (normal control), Group II (diabetic control), Group III (glibenclamide at 5 mg/kg p.o.), Group IV (orlistat at 60 mg/kg p.o.), Group V ([10]-gingerol at 15 mg/kg p.o.), and Group VI [10]-gingerol (30 mg/kg p.o.), respectively. The antidiabetic activity was assessed using blood glucose level, body weight, and various biochemical parameters such as serum total cholesterol (TC) level, triglyceride (TG) level, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), total protein (TP), serum alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), respectively. Results: [10]-gingerol exhibited an antidiabetic effect by significantly decreased the level of blood glucose, body weight, TC, TG, TP, and increase HDL. The results of the study demonstrated that the treatment with [10]-gingerol significantly (p<0.05) and dose dependently prevented STZ- and HFD-induced diabetic rats. Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest that [10]-gingerol possesses potential antidiabetic activity as it lowers serum glucose level.

Effects of Maternal Flaxseed Supplementation on Female Offspring of Diabetic Rats in Serum Concentration of Glucose, Insulin, and Thyroid Hormones

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Akemi Suzuki ◽  
André Manoel Correia-Santos ◽  
Gabriela Câmara Vicente ◽  
Luiz Guillermo Coca Velarde ◽  
Gilson Teles Boaventura
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Flaxseed Flour ◽  
Maternal Consumption

Abstract. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal consumption of flaxseed flour and oil on serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, and thyroid hormones of the adult female offspring of diabetic rats. Methods: Wistar rats were induced to diabetes by a high-fat diet (60%) and streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Rats were mated and once pregnancy was confirmed, were divided into the following groups: Control Group (CG): casein-based diet; High-fat Group (HG): high-fat diet (49%); High-fat Flaxseed Group (HFG): high-fat diet supplemented with 25% flaxseed flour; High-fat Flaxseed Oil group (HOG): high-fat diet, where soya oil was replaced with flaxseed oil. After weaning, female pups (n = 6) from each group were separated, received a commercial rat diet and were sacrificed after 180 days. Serum insulin concentrations were determined by ELISA, the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined by chemiluminescence. Results: There was a significant reduction in body weight at weaning in HG (−31%), HFG (−33%) and HOG (44%) compared to CG (p = 0.002), which became similar by the end of 180 days. Blood glucose levels were reduced in HFG (−10%, p = 0.044) when compared to CG, and there was no significant difference between groups in relation to insulin, T3, T4, and TSH after 180 days. Conclusions: Maternal severe hyperglycemia during pregnancy and lactation resulted in a microsomal offspring. Maternal consumption of flaxseed reduces blood glucose levels in adult offspring without significant effects on insulin levels and thyroid hormones.

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