scholarly journals The impact of summer vacation on children’s obesogenic behaviors and body mass index: a natural experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Glenn Weaver ◽  
Bridget Armstrong ◽  
Ethan Hunt ◽  
Michael W. Beets ◽  
Keith Brazendale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Traditional Schools ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Traditional School ◽  
Summer Vacation ◽  
Year Round School ◽  
Obesogenic Behaviors ◽  
School Day ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Children’s BMI gain accelerates during summer. The Structured Days Hypothesis posits that the lack of the school day during summer vacation negatively impacts children’s obesogenic behaviors (i.e., physical activity, screen time, diet, sleep). This natural experiment examined the impact of summer vacation on children’s obesogenic behaviors and body mass index (BMI). Methods Elementary-aged children (n = 285, 5-12 years, 48.7% male, 57.4% African American) attending a year-round (n = 97) and two match-paired traditional schools (n = 188) in the United States participated in this study. Rather than taking a long break from school during the summer like traditional schools, year-round schools take shorter and more frequent breaks from school. This difference in school calendars allowed for obesogenic behaviors to be collected during three conditions: Condition 1) all children attend school, Condition 2) year-round children attend school while traditional children were on summer vacation, and Condition 3) summer vacation for all children. Changes in BMI z-score were collected for the corresponding school years and summers. Multi-level mixed effects regressions estimated obesogenic behaviors and monthly zBMI changes. It was hypothesized that children would experience unhealthy changes in obesogenic behaviors when entering summer vacation because the absence of the school day (i.e., Condition 1 vs. 2 for traditional school children and 2 vs. 3 for year-round school children). Results From Condition 1 to 2 traditional school children experienced greater unhealthy changes in daily minutes sedentary (∆ = 24.2, 95CI = 10.2, 38.2), screen time minutes (∆ = 33.7, 95CI = 17.2, 50.3), sleep midpoint time (∆ = 73:43, 95CI = 65:33, 81:53), and sleep efficiency percentage (−∆ = 0.7, 95CI = -1.1, − 0.3) when compared to year-round school children. Alternatively, from Condition 2 to 3 year-round school children experienced greater unhealthy changes in daily minutes sedentary (∆ = 54.5, 95CI = 38.0, 70.9), light physical activity minutes (∆ = − 42.2, 95CI = -56.2, − 28.3) MVPA minutes (∆ = − 11.4, 95CI = -3.7, − 19.1), screen time minutes (∆ = 46.5, 95CI = 30.0, 63.0), and sleep midpoint time (∆ = 95:54, 95CI = 85:26, 106:22) when compared to traditional school children. Monthly zBMI gain accelerated during summer for traditional (∆ = 0.033 95CI = 0.019, 0.047) but not year-round school children (∆ = 0.004, 95CI = -0.014, 0.023). Conclusions This study suggests that the lack of the school day during summer vacation negatively impacts sedentary behaviors, sleep timing, and screen time. Changes in sedentary behaviors, screen time, and sleep midpoint may contribute to accelerated summer BMI gain. Providing structured programming during summer vacation may positively impact these behaviors, and in turn, mitigate accelerated summer BMI gain. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03397940. Registered January 12th 2018.

scholarly journals The Impact of Summer Vacation on Children’s Obesogenic Behaviors and Body Mass Index: A natural experiment.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Glenn Weaver ◽  
Bridget Armstrong ◽  
Ethan Hunt ◽  
Michael Beets ◽  
Keith Brazendale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Traditional Schools ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Traditional School ◽  
Summer Vacation ◽  
Year Round School ◽  
Obesogenic Behaviors ◽  
School Day ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Children’s BMI gain accelerates during summer. The Structured Days Hypothesis posits that the lack of the school day during summer vacation negatively impacts children’s obesogenic behaviors (i.e., physical activity, screen time, diet, sleep). This natural experiment examined the impact of summer vacation on children’s obesogenic behaviors and body mass index (BMI).Methods: Elementary-aged children (n=285, 5-12years, 48.7% male, 57.4% African American) attending a year-round (n=97) and two match-paired traditional schools (n=188) in the United States participated in this study. Rather than taking a long break from school during the summer like traditional schools, year-round schools take shorter and more frequent breaks from school. This difference in school calendars allowed for obesogenic behaviors to be collected during three conditions: Condition 1) all children attend school, Condition 2) year-round children attend school while traditional children were on summer vacation, and Condition 3) summer vacation for all children. Changes in BMI z-score were collected for the corresponding school years and summers. Multi-level mixed effects regressions estimated obesogenic behaviors and monthly zBMI changes. It was hypothesized that children would experience unhealthy changes in obesogenic behaviors when entering summer vacation because the absence of the school day (i.e., Condition 1 vs. 2 for traditional school children and 2 vs. 3 for year-round school children).Results: From Condition 1 to 2 traditional school children experienced statistically significantly greater unhealthy changes in daily minutes sedentary (∆=24.2, 95CI=10.2, 38.2), screen time minutes (∆=33.7, 95CI=17.2, 50.3), sleep midpoint time (∆=73:43, 95CI=65:33, 81:53), and sleep efficiency percentage (-∆=0.7, 95CI=-1.1, -0.3) when compared to year-round school children. Alternatively, from Condition 2 to 3 traditional school children experienced statistically significantly smaller unhealthy changes in daily minutes sedentary (∆=-54.5, 95CI=-70.9, -38.0), MVPA minutes (∆=11.4, 95CI=3.7, 19.1), screen time minutes (∆=-46.5, 95CI=-63.0, -30.0), sleep midpoint time (∆=-95:54, 95CI=-106:22, -85:26), and sleep efficiency percentage (-∆=0.7, 95CI=-1.1, -0.3) when compared to year-round school children. Monthly zBMI gain accelerated during summer for traditional (∆=0.033 95CI=0.019, 0.047) but not year-round school children (∆=0.004, 95CI=-0.014, 0.023).Conclusions: This study suggests that the lack of the school day during summer vacation negatively impacts sedentary behaviors, sleep timing, and screen time. Changes in sedentary behaviors, screen time, and sleep midpoint may contribute to accelerated summer BMI gain. Providing structured programming during summer vacation may positively impact these behaviors, and in turn, mitigate accelerated summer BMI gain. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03397940. Registered January 12th 2018.

scholarly journals The Impact of Summer Vacation on Children’s Obesogenic Behaviors and Body Mass Index: A natural experiment.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Glenn Weaver ◽  
Bridget Armstrong ◽  
Ethan Hunt ◽  
Michael Beets ◽  
Keith Brazendale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Traditional Schools ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Traditional School ◽  
Summer Vacation ◽  
Year Round School ◽  
Obesogenic Behaviors ◽  
School Day ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Children’s BMI gain accelerates during summer. The Structured Days Hypothesis posits that the lack of the school day during summer vacation negatively impacts children’s obesogenic behaviors (i.e., physical activity, screen time, diet, sleep). This natural experiment examined the impact of summer vacation on children’s obesogenic behaviors and body mass index (BMI).Methods: Elementary-aged children (n=285, 5-12years, 48.7% male, 57.4% African American) attending a year-round (n=97) and two match-paired traditional schools (n=188) in the United States participated in this study. Rather than taking a long break from school during the summer like traditional schools, year-round schools take shorter and more frequent breaks from school. This difference in school calendars allowed for obesogenic behaviors to be collected during three conditions: Condition 1) all children attend school, Condition 2) year-round children attend school while traditional children were on summer vacation, and Condition 3) summer vacation for all children. Changes in BMI z-score were collected for the corresponding school years and summers. Multi-level mixed effects regressions estimated obesogenic behaviors and monthly zBMI changes. It was hypothesized that children would experience unhealthy changes in obesogenic behaviors when entering summer vacation because the absence of the school day (i.e., Condition 1 vs. 2 for traditional school children and 2 vs. 3 for year-round school children).Results: From Condition 1 to 2 traditional school children experienced greater unhealthy changes in daily minutes sedentary (∆=24.2, 95CI=10.2, 38.2), screen time minutes (∆=33.7, 95CI=17.2, 50.3), sleep midpoint time (∆=73:43, 95CI=65:33, 81:53), and sleep efficiency percentage (-∆=0.7, 95CI=-1.1, -0.3) when compared to year-round school children. Alternatively, from Condition 2 to 3 year-round school children experienced greater unhealthy changes in daily minutes sedentary (∆=54.5, 95CI=38.0, 70.9), light physical activity minutes (∆=-42.2, 95CI=-56.2, -28.3) MVPA minutes (∆=-11.4, 95CI=-3.7, -19.1), screen time minutes (∆=46.5, 95CI=30.0, 63.0), and sleep midpoint time (∆=95:54, 95CI=85:26, 106:22) when compared to traditional school children. Monthly zBMI gain accelerated during summer for traditional (∆=0.033 95CI=0.019, 0.047) but not year-round school children (∆=0.004, 95CI=-0.014, 0.023).Conclusions: This study suggests that the lack of the school day during summer vacation negatively impacts sedentary behaviors, sleep timing, and screen time. Changes in sedentary behaviors, screen time, and sleep midpoint may contribute to accelerated summer BMI gain. Providing structured programming during summer vacation may positively impact these behaviors, and in turn, mitigate accelerated summer BMI gain. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03397940. Registered January 12th 2018.

scholarly journals The Impact of Summer Vacation on Children’s Obesogenic Behaviors and Body Mass Index: A natural experiment.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Glenn Weaver ◽  
Bridget Armstrong ◽  
Ethan Hunt ◽  
Michael Beets ◽  
Keith Brazendale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Traditional School ◽  
Summer Vacation ◽  
Year Round School ◽  
Obesogenic Behaviors ◽  
School Day ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Children’s BMI gain accelerates during summer. The Structured Days Hypothesis posits that the lack of the school day during summer vacation negatively impacts children’s obesogenic behaviors (i.e., physical activity, screen time, diet, sleep). This natural experiment examined the impact of summer vacation on children’s obesogenic behaviors and body mass index (BMI). Methods: Elementary-aged children (n=285, grade=1-5, 48.7% male, 57.4% African American) attending a year-round (n=97) and two match-paired traditional schools (n=188) participated in this study. Obesogenic behaviors were collected during three conditions: Condition 1) all children attend school, Condition 2) year-round children attend school while traditional children were on summer vacation, and Condition 3) summer vacation for all children. Changes in BMI z-score were collected for the corresponding school years and summers. Multi-level mixed effects regressions estimated obesogenic behaviors and monthly zBMI changes. It was hypothesized that children would experience unhealthy changes in obesogenic behaviors when entering summer vacation because the absence of the school day (i.e., Condition 1 vs. 2 for traditional school children and 2 vs. 3 for year-round school children). Results: From Condition 1 to 2 traditional school children experienced statistically significantly greater unhealthy changes in daily minutes sedentary (∆=24.2, 95CI=10.2, 38.2), screen time minutes (∆=33.7, 95CI=17.2, 50.3), sleep midpoint time (∆=73:43, 95CI=65:33, 81:53), and sleep efficiency percentage (-∆=0.7, 95CI=-1.1, -0.3) when compared to year-round school children. Alternatively, from Condition 2 to 3 traditional school children experienced statistically significantly smaller unhealthy changes in daily minutes sedentary (∆=-54.5, 95CI=-70.9, -38.0), MVPA minutes (∆=11.4, 95CI=3.7, 19.1), screen time minutes (∆=-46.5, 95CI=-63.0, -30.0), sleep midpoint time (∆=-95:54, 95CI=-106:22, -85:26), and sleep efficiency percentage (-∆=0.7, 95CI=-1.1, -0.3) when compared to year-round school children. Monthly zBMI gain accelerated during summer for traditional (∆=0.033 95CI=0.019, 0.047) but not year-round school children (∆=0.004, 95CI=-0.014, 0.023).Conclusions: This study suggests that the lack of the school day during summer vacation negatively impacts sedentary behaviors, sleep timing, and screen time. Changes in sedentary behaviors, screen time, and sleep midpoint may contribute to accelerated summer BMI gain. Providing structured programming during summer vacation may positively impact these behaviors, and in turn, mitigate accelerated summer BMI gain.

scholarly journals Global Impact of COVID-19 on Weight and Weight-Related Behaviors in the Adult Population: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1876
Author(s):  
Han Shi Jocelyn Chew ◽  
Violeta Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To provide an overview of what is known about the impact of COVID-19 on weight and weight-related behaviors. Methods: Systematic scoping review using the Arksey and O’Malley methodology. Results: A total of 19 out of 396 articles were included. All studies were conducted using online self-report surveys. The average age of respondents ranged from 19 to 47 years old, comprised of more females. Almost one-half and one-fifth of the respondents gained and lost weight during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Among articles that examined weight, diet and physical activity changes concurrently, weight gain was reported alongside a 36.3% to 59.6% increase in total food consumption and a 67.4% to 61.4% decrease in physical activities. Weight gain predictors included female sex, middle-age, increased appetite, snacking after dinner, less physical exercise, sedentary behaviors of ≥6 h/day, low water consumption and less sleep at night. Included articles did not illustrate significant associations between alcohol consumption, screen time, education, place of living and employment status, although sedentary behaviors, including screen time, did increase significantly. Conclusions: Examining behavioral differences alone is insufficient in predicting weight status. Future research could examine differences in personality and coping mechanisms to design more personalized and effective weight management interventions.

Abstract 219: The Impact of Handheld devices on Healthy Lifestyles among School Age Children: A Report from Project Healthy Schools

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Lee ◽  
Qingmei Jiang ◽  
Robert Rogers ◽  
Belinda Vuong ◽  
Wen-Ching Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Healthy Lifestyles ◽  
School Age ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Healthy Schools ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Project Healthy Schools (PHS) is an initiative designed to promote healthy lifestyles in middle school-age children in Michigan. Following the introduction of smartphones and portable video game platforms such as the Play Station Portable more children are using these devices. This trend has led to an increase in screen time in preteens resulting in less time being spent on more active, health-promoting activities. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the increase in technology and handheld/gaming devices and the impact on student’s lifestyle behaviors participating in PHS. METHODS: Data on sedentary behaviors were collected from 4,021 middle school students by a self-reported questionnaire. The questionnaire is completed by all participants of PHS at baseline and after completion of the program. The questionnaire focuses on dietary habits, physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Sedentary behavior (screen time) questions included amount of time spent watching TV, playing video games or playing on the computer. In order to determine if technology use was impacting this cohort, baseline survey results were analyzed over a 6 year period. Because the exposure to technology could be associated to socioeconomic status (SE) of the schools, we balanced the sample in SE (based on median household income) through stratified simple random sampling without replacement. Screen times were categorized into high screen time (> 120 min /day) and low screen time (≤ 120 min/day). RESULTS: The trends of different types of screen time were plotted from 2008 to 2013 (2010 data were excluded to avoid the bias caused by the extremely small sample size of this year). A consistent trend of a high percentage of TV viewers was present each year. However, the percentage of students categorized as high computer game users and high video game users increased with each year (Table 1). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant increase in both time spent playing on the computer and time spent playing video games between the years 2008 - 2013. It’s possible the introduction of smartphones and portable video games has contributed to this trend. It is essential for wellness programs such as PHS to focus on the importance of limiting the amount of time spent playing screen games while promoting increased physical activity to this age group.

scholarly journals The Impact of Backpack Loads on School Children: A Critical Narrative Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Perrone ◽  
Robin Orr ◽  
Wayne Hing ◽  
Nikki Milne ◽  
Rodney Pope
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
School Children ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Load Carriage ◽  
School Students ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
School Day ◽  
The Impact

Background: Backpack loads of school students during school days have been suggested to range from 10% to as high as 25% of their body weight and may have a negative impact on their body. The aim of this review was to identify and review studies that have examined impacts of contemporary backpack loads on school children. Methods: A systematic search was conducted of the literature using key search terms. After relevant studies published in recent years were selected using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, the studies were critically appraised and relevant data were extracted and tabulated prior to conducting a critical narrative synthesis of findings. Results: Twenty-one studies were included, ranging in methodological quality from poor to good (critical appraisal scores 22% to 77%). Students carried on average over 15% of their own body weight, which caused biomechanical and physiological adaptations that could increase musculoskeletal injury risk, fatigue, redness, swelling and discomfort. Conclusion: Considering the limited methodological quality and variations in foci across studies, further research is needed to elucidate: (1) the loads students carry around on a school day in their school backpacks and; (2) the biomechanical, physiological and physical effects of load carriage on students.

scholarly journals Assessing the usage of screen based media and screen time among adolescents in Mysuru: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2233
Author(s):  
G. Shwetha ◽  
Sunil Kumar Doddaiah ◽  
Anil S. Bilimale ◽  
M. R. Narayana Murthy
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
The Impact

Background: Media is one of the important parts of the life of school children, especially those aged between 13 to 17 years. It has both positive and negative impacts on children. It affects both physical and mental health; there will be a prominent impact on their studies also. Nowadays everyone has the accessibility of television, mobile, etc in India. This study mainly aims to assess the impact of screen-based media (SBM) and screen time among middle adolescents and the association of socio-demographic status with the usage of SBM.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Government and Private schools of Mysuru district from November to December 2019. The study included 180 school children between the age group of 13 to 17 years through simple random sampling. A semi-structured interview questionnaire was used.Results: Mobile formed the maximum used SBM. Out of the total screen time, time contributed by television 90.5%, mobile 95.6%, and both television and mobile 91.7% will be more followed by other SBM. The proportion of children having the screen time of maybe 3 hrs was found to be 25.6% and more than 3 hrs was 5.9% among the total study population. There is an association between SBM usage and the socio-demographic status i.e. age, type of family, father's education, and father occupation with the statistical significance of p value <0.05.Conclusions: According to the current study, there is a high proportion of school children using SBM. So, there is a need to create awareness regarding the use of SBM and its impact on children among parents, teachers, and children.

scholarly journals Effects of Reallocating Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors, and Sleep on Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Examination of Canadian Adolescents in the COMPASS Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Gilchrist ◽  
Kate Battista ◽  
Karen A. Patte ◽  
Guy Faulkner ◽  
Valerie Carson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep are associated with mental health in adolescents. Mental health may depend not only on the amount of time spent in a specific activity, but also on the activity it displaces. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of reallocating 15 minutes of time spent in one health behavior with 15 minutes in another on adolescent mental health. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the students participating in the COMPASS Study (2018-2019) were analyzed (N = 46,413). Participants self-reported the amount of time they spent engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), doing homework and using screens, and their sleep duration on average each day. Participants also self-reported depressive symptoms, anxiety, and flourishing. Data were analyzed using isotemporal substitution modeling. Results: Non-linear associations were evident between sleep and the mental health outcomes, so analyses were stratified by sleep duration based on whether students reported meeting current guidelines or not. Among adolescents getting less than the recommended amount of sleep, replacing any behaviour with sleep was generally associated with better mental health outcomes. Conversely, among adolescents getting adequate sleep, the findings did not support replacing other behaviors with sleep with the exception of screen time. Replacing homework and MVPA with sleep was associated with less flourishing regardless of sleep duration. Of the two sedentary behaviors assessed, replacing screen time with homework was associated with less depression and greater flourishing. However, replacing any behavior with homework was associated with greater anxiety regardless of whether participants reported adequate sleep or not.Conclusions: Replacing screen time with any behaviour may be better for mental health outcomes. Results provide further support for the critical role of sleep in promoting healthy development during adolescence, though more sleep than is recommended may confer little benefit for mental health. Youth getting adequate sleep may benefit from replacing screen time with homework or MVPA. The findings demonstrate that mental health benefits may be obtainable at intervals as short as 15 minutes.

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