scholarly journals Adolescents’ sedentary time, affect, and contextual factors: An ecological momentary assessment study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea L. Kracht ◽  
Robbie A. Beyl ◽  
Jaclyn P. Maher ◽  
Peter T. Katzmarzyk ◽  
Amanda E. Staiano
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Few adolescents achieve sufficient levels of physical activity, and many are spending most of their time in sedentary behavior. Affective response following sedentary time may influence motivation to remain sedentary. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) is a real-time data capture methodology that can be used to identify factors influencing sedentary time, such as the context of the home setting, and resulting affective state within a free-living setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between context at home and adolescent sedentary time, and the relationship of sedentary time and subsequent affect. Methods Adolescents (n = 284; 10–16 y) participated in an EMA study that used random, interval-based sampling methods. Adolescents each received 22 unannounced surveys over 7-days through a smartphone application. One survey was randomly sent within each 2-h time-period. These time-periods occurred between 4:00 pm-8:00 pm on weekdays and 8:00 am-8:00 pm on the weekend. This 15-question survey included a series of questions on context (indoors/outdoors, alone/not alone) and positive affect. Adolescents concurrently wore an accelerometer at the hip, and the 30-min bout of accelerometry data prior to each survey was used in analyses. Mixed-effect location scale models were used to examine the association between context at home and sedentary time (stage 1) and the adjusted sedentary time and positive affect (stage 2), with each model adjusted for covariates. Results Adolescents were 12.6 ± 1.9 y of age on average, about half were White (58%), and engaged in high levels of sedentary behavior during the 30 min prior to the survey (21.4 ± 6.8 min). Most surveys occurred when adolescents were with others (59%) and indoors (88%). In Stage 1, both being alone and being indoors at home were positively associated with sedentary time (p <  0.001 for both). In Stage 2, adjusted sedentary time was not related to positive affect. Age was negatively related to positive affect (p <  0.001). Conclusions Both contextual factors, being alone and indoors at home, were related to additional time spent sedentary compared to being with someone or outdoors. After adjustment, sedentary time was not related to subsequent positive affect, indicating other factors may be related to adolescent’s positive affect in home settings.

Social Contact Frequency and Pain among Older Adults with HIV: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S Herbert ◽  
Jennalee S Wooldridge ◽  
Emily W Paolillo ◽  
Colin A Depp ◽  
Raeanne C Moore
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Abstract Background Social relationships are important for pain management among individuals with HIV, but the impact of daily social contact on pain responses in real-time, real-world settings has never been specifically examined. Purpose The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between social contact frequency and pain, and the role of negative and positive affect in this relationship among older adults with HIV using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Methods A total of 66 (Mage = 59.3, SD = 6.3, range: 50–74) older adults with HIV completed EMA surveys that included social contact frequency, pain level, and negative and positive affect four times per day for 2 weeks. Mixed-effects regression models were used to examine concurrent and lagged associations between social contact frequency, pain, and negative and positive affect. Results Greater recent social contact frequency was associated with less severe current pain (unstandardized B = −0.04, 95% CI: −0.08, −0.01, p = .014), while greater current pain was associated with lower subsequent social contact frequency (unstandardized B = −0.07, 95% CI: −0.11, −0.03, p &lt; .001). Further, higher current negative affect was related to greater current pain, and this relationship was dampened by increased recent social contact frequency (unstandardized B = −0.17, 95% CI: −0.26, −0.08, p &lt; .001). Neither negative nor positive affect was significantly associated with the relationship between current pain and subsequent social contact frequency. Conclusions Social contact frequency and pain are bidirectionally and inversely associated among older adults with HIV. Further, recent social contact influences current pain by attenuating negative affect. Together, these results highlight the need to address social engagement in interventions for pain among older adults with HIV.

Investigating Affective Responding to Daily Positive Events Among Adolescents Using Ecological Momentary Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 027243162110580
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Chun ◽  
Katherine S. Benjamin ◽  
Amy H. Mezulis
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

The experience of positive events is associated with increased positive affect, which can beneficially impact the physical and mental health outcomes of adolescents. Despite an increase in important life events during adolescence, little research has examined the influence of positive events on affect in this population. This study used Ecological Momentary Assessment to investigate individual differences in the effects of daily positive events on momentary positive and negative affect and event-specific positive affect among 136 adolescents ( M age = 13.03 years). Results indicated that interpersonal and independent events elicited greater event-specific positive affect than non-interpersonal and dependent events. Dependent interpersonal events were associated with the greatest positive affect compared to other combinations of event types. Gender did not moderate these effects. These findings may address the gap in the literature regarding the types of daily positive events that elicit the most positive affect in adolescents, and in turn, may enhance well-being.

scholarly journals Methodology Used in Ecological Momentary Assessment Studies About Sedentary Behavior in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: Systematic Review Using the Checklist for Reporting Ecological Momentary Assessment Studies (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catiana Leila Possamai Romanzini ◽  
Marcelo Romanzini ◽  
Mariana Biagi Batista ◽  
Cynthia Correa Lopes Barbosa ◽  
Gabriela Blasquez Shigaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

BACKGROUND The use of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to measure sedentary behavior (SB) in children, adolescents, and adults can increase the understanding of the role of the context of SB in health outcomes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically review literature to describe EMA methodology used in studies on SB in youth and adults, verify how many studies adhere to the Methods aspect of the Checklist for Reporting EMA Studies (CREMAS), and detail measures used to assess SB and this associated context. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and SPORTDiscus databases, covering the entire period of existence of the databases until January 2018. RESULTS This review presented information about the characteristics and methodology used in 21 articles that utilized EMA to measure SB in youth and adults. There were more studies conducted among youth compared with adults, and studies of youth included more waves and more participants (n=696) than studies with adults (n=97). Most studies (85.7%) adhered to the Methods aspect of the CREMAS. The main criteria used to measure SB in EMA were self-report (81%) with only 19% measuring SB using objective methods (eg, accelerometer). The main equipment to collect objective SB was the ActiGraph, and the cutoff point to define SB was <100 counts/min. Studies most commonly used a 15-min window to compare EMA and accelerometer data. CONCLUSIONS The majority of studies in this review met minimum CREMAS criteria for studies conducted with EMA. Most studies measured SB with EMA self-report (n=17; 81.0%), and a few studies also used objective methods (n=4; 19%). The standardization of the 15-min window criteria to compare EMA and accelerometer data would lead to a comparison between these and new studies. New studies using EMA with mobile phones should be conducted as they can be considered an attractive method for capturing information about the specific context of SB activities of young people and adults in real time or very close to it.

scholarly journals A Coordinated Analysis of Variance in Affect in Daily Life

Assessment ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1683-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey B. Scott ◽  
Martin J. Sliwinski ◽  
Matthew Zawadzki ◽  
Robert S. Stawski ◽  
Jinhyuk Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Total N ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
Widespread Interest

Despite widespread interest in variance in affect, basic questions remain pertaining to the relative proportions of between-person and within-person variance, the contribution of days and moments, and the reliability of these estimates. We addressed these questions by decomposing negative affect and positive affect variance across three levels (person, day, moment), and calculating reliability using a coordinated analysis of seven daily diary, ecological momentary assessment (EMA), and diary-EMA hybrid studies (across studies age = 18-84 years, total Npersons = 2,103, total Nobservations = 45,065). Across studies, within-person variance was sizeable (negative affect: 45% to 66%, positive affect: 25% to 74%); in EMA more within-person variance was attributable to momentary rather than daily level. Reliability was adequate to high at all levels of analysis (within-person: .73-.91; between-person: .96-1.00) despite different items and designs. We discuss the implications of these results for the design of future intensive studies of affect variance.

SWAY: Sleep disturbance as an early warning sign of suicidality in psychiatric inpatients transitioning to the community: an ecological momentary assessment study protocol (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Dewa ◽  
Sofia Pappa ◽  
Talya Greene ◽  
James Cooke ◽  
Lizzie Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Initial Hospital ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Momentary Assessment

BACKGROUND Patients are at high risk of suicidal behaviour and death by suicide immediately following discharge from an inpatient psychiatric hospital. Furthermore, there is a high prevalence of sleep problems in inpatient settings which is associated with worse outcomes following hospitalisation. However, it is unknown whether poor sleep is associated with suicidality following initial hospital discharge. Our study aim is to examine the relationship between sleep and suicidality in discharged patients using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between subjective and objective sleep parameters and suicidality in young psychiatric inpatients transitioning to the community, and to explore the underlying mechanisms of this relationship using an adapted Integrated Motivational-Volitional (IMV) model. METHODS Our study will be the first co-produced prospective EMA using a wearable device to examine the sleep-suicide relationship during the transition from acute inpatient care to the community. Prospectively discharged inpatients aged 18-35 with a mental disorder (n>50) will be assessed for eligibility and recruited across two sites. Data on suicidal ideation, behaviour and imagery, non-suicidal self-harm and imagery, defeat, entrapment, and hopelessness, affect and sleep will be collected on the Pro-Diary V wrist-worn electronic watch for up to 14 days. Objective sleep and daytime activity will be measured using the inbuilt MotionWare software. Questionnaires will be administered face-to-face at baseline and follow-up while data will also be collected on the acceptability and feasibility of using the Pro-Diary V watch to monitor the transition following discharge. The study has been, and will continue to be, co-produced with young people with experience of being in an inpatient setting and suicidality. RESULTS South Birmingham Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 21/WM/0128) approved the study on June 28th 2021. We expect to see a relationship between poor sleep and post-discharge suicidality. Results will be available in 2022. CONCLUSIONS This will be the first EMA study to examine the relationship between sleep and suicidality, and to apply the IMV model in young patients transitioning from psychiatric hospital to community. We expect findings will directly influence policy and clinical practice, including the introduction of digital monitoring of suicidality and/or sleep before and after initial hospital discharge.

scholarly journals O1.6. AFFECTIVE DETERMINANTS OF LIFE-SPACE THROUGH GPS AND ECOLOGICAL MOMENTARY ASSESSMENT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: WHAT GETS PEOPLE OUT OF THE HOUSE?

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S3-S3
Author(s):  
Emma Parrish ◽  
Colin Depp ◽  
Raeanne C Moore ◽  
Philip D Harvey ◽  
Jason Holden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Life Space ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Previous research employing global positioning satellite (GPS) data and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has shown that greater aggregated time at home and less distance traveled (diminished life-space) were associated with poorer community functioning and with more severe negative symptoms in people with schizophrenia. Emotional experiences (e.g., pleasure or anxious avoidance) may reduce time spent outside of the home. We evaluated the associations between concurrent and time-lagged positive and negative affective experiences in relation to time at home and distance travelled in the community (life-space) among people with schizophrenia compared to healthy comparators (HCs). Methods Sixty HCs (mean age = 51.2, SD = 10.9) and 91 people with schizophrenia (mean age=52, SD=9), matched on demographic characteristics, completed in-lab assessments of symptoms, cognition, and functioning. They were then given a smartphone and completed EMA assessments 7 times daily for 7 days at stratified random intervals. EMA surveys included questions about daily life activities and affect. GPS coordinates were collected every 5 minutes, 24 hours a day, over the 7-day study period. Results Participants with schizophrenia spent more time at home than HCs (t = -4.95, p &lt; 0.001). Sadness and ratings of relaxation were not associated with distance traveled away or time spent at home. For HCs, happiness was associated with more distance traveled away as measured by GPS (B=6.85, SE= 3.04, Wald Chi-Square = 5.067, p=0.024). However, for people with schizophrenia, only greater nervousness ratings were associated with more distance from home (B=3.41, SE=1.30, Wald Chi-Square=6.88, p=0.009). Moreover, for people with schizophrenia, greater nervousness ratings were associated with more time spent at home (B=2.07, SE= 0.98, Wald Chi-Square=4.43, p=0.035), and greater nervousness also predicted that a person with schizophrenia would be at home at the next survey in lead analyses, (F(1, 3029)=7.533, p=0.006). Taken together, these results suggest both greater nervousness associated with greater distance away from home and anxious avoidance of leaving the home. Discussion For individuals with schizophrenia, greater overall anxiety was associated with reduced time spent out of the home, and when patients did leave the home, greater distance travelled was associated with greater nervousness. In contrast, HC participants experienced greater positive emotion with larger life-space. These data suggest a significant momentary temporal association of anxiety and behavior in schizophrenia, such that greater nervousness predicted an individual would be more likely to stay at home. These findings suggest avoidance of negative emotion may also contribute to diminished motivated behavior, which may even act as an emotion regulation strategy. Life-space, which can be measured readily over time by mobile devices, may be a novel target for rehabilitative interventions for anxious avoidance in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Are fluctuations in personality states more than fluctuations in affect?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Edmund Wilson ◽  
Renee J. Thompson ◽  
Simine Vazire
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
State Affect ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

People fluctuate in their behavior as they go about their daily lives, but little is known about the processes underlying these fluctuations. In two ecological momentary assessment studies (Ns = 124, 415), we examined the extent to which negative and positive affect accounted for the within-person variance in Big Five states. Participants were prompted six times a day over six days (Study 1) or four times a day over two weeks (Study 2) to report their recent thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Multilevel modeling results indicated that negative and positive affect account for most, but not all, of the within-person variance in personality states. Importantly, situation variables predicted variance in some personality states even after accounting for fluctuations in affect, indicating that fluctuations in personality states may be more than fluctuations in state affect.

scholarly journals Pilot Ecological Momentary Assessment Study of Subjective and Contextual Factors Surrounding E-Cigarette and Combustible Tobacco Product Use among Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11005
Author(s):  
Deepa R. Camenga ◽  
Angela M. Haeny ◽  
Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin ◽  
Stephanie S. O’Malley ◽  
Krysten W. Bold
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Cigarette Dependence ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Background: Dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible tobacco products is common in young adults. We aimed to explore how ratings of subjective and contextual factors differed between discrete episodes of e-cigarette use vs. combustible tobacco product smoking among a sample of young adults. Methods: Young adults (N = 29, ages 18–30) who used e-cigarettes and ≥1 combustible tobacco product at least once weekly completed a 1-week smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Twice daily random prompts assessed past-15-min use of tobacco products, ratings of subjective factors (e.g., negative affect, craving), and contextual factors related to activity, location, and companionship. A multivariable GEE model assessed whether subjective or contextual factors were associated with e-cigarette vs. combustible tobacco product episodes. Results: 184 tobacco use episodes were reported (39.7% e-cigarette, 60.3% combustible tobacco product). High baseline cigarette dependence, as measured by the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence, was associated with lower odds of e-cigarette vs. combustible tobacco product episodes (aOR 0.01, 95% CI (0.002–0.08); p < 0.001). Neither between- or within-subjects negative affect or craving scores were associated with e-cigarette use. Activities of eating/drinking (aOR 0.20, 95% CI (0.08–0.49); p = 0.001) and being in the companionship of a person who smoked cigarettes (aOR 0.13, 95% CI (0.04–0.43); p = 0.001) were associated with lower odds of e-cigarette vs. combustible tobacco product use episodes. However, traveling (aOR 12.02, 95% CI (3.77–38.26); p ≤ 0.001) and being in a public space (aOR 2.76, 95% CI (1.10–6.96); p = 0.03) were associated with higher odds of e-cigarette than combustible tobacco product use episodes. Conclusions: This pilot data suggests that unique contextual factors may be associated with e-cigarette use, compared to combustible tobacco smoking in a sample of young adults who use both e-cigarettes and combustible tobacco products. Future research with larger samples is needed to better characterize varying contexts and cues for tobacco use among young adults who are dual users.

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