scholarly journals Effects of caffeine supplementation on physical performance and mood dimensions in elite and trained-recreational athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jodra ◽  
A. Lago-Rodríguez ◽  
A. J. Sánchez-Oliver ◽  
A. López-Samanes ◽  
A. Pérez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ergogenic Effect ◽  
General Level ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Subjective Vitality ◽  
National Team ◽  
Recreational Athletes

Abstract Background Caffeine supplementation (CAFF) has an established ergogenic effect on physical performance and the psychological response to exercise. However, few studies have compared the response to CAFF intake among athletes of different competition level. This study compares the acute effects of CAFF on anaerobic performance, mood and perceived effort in elite and moderately-trained recreational athletes. Methods Participants for this randomized, controlled, crossover study were 8 elite athletes (in the senior boxing national team) and 10 trained-recreational athletes. Under two experimental conditions, CAFF supplementation (6 mg/kg) or placebo (PLAC), the athletes completed a Wingate test. Subjective exertion during the test was recorded as the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) both at the general level (RPEgeneral) and at the levels muscular (RPEmuscular) and cardiorespiratory (RPEcardio). Before the Wingate test, participants completed the questionnaires Profiles of Moods States (POMS) and Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS). Results In response to CAFF intake, improvements were noted in Wpeak (11.22 ± 0.65 vs 10.70 ± 0.84; p = 0.003; $$ {\eta}_p^2 $$ηp2=0.44), Wavg (8.75 ± 0.55 vs 8.41 0.46; p = 0.001; $$ {\eta}_p^2 $$ηp2 =0.53) and time taken to reach Wpeak (7.56 ± 1.58 vs 9.11 ± 1.53; p <  0.001; $$ {\eta}_p^2 $$ηp2 =0.57) both in the elite and trained-recreational athletes. However, only the elite athletes showed significant increases in tension (+ 325%), vigor (+ 31%) and SVS (+ 28%) scores after the intake of CAFF compared to levels recorded under the condition PLAC (p <  0.05). Similarly, levels of vigor after consuming CAFF were significantly higher in the elite than the trained-recreational athletes (+ 5.8%). Conclusions CAFF supplementation improved anaerobic performance in both the elite and recreational athletes. However, the ergogenic effect of CAFF on several mood dimensions and subjective vitality was greater in the elite athletes.

scholarly journals Performance Motivation of Elite Athletes, Recreational Athletes and Non-Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Šmela ◽  
Petra Pačesová ◽  
Stanislav Kraček ◽  
Dan Hájovský
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Grammar School ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
National Team ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
Performance Scale

Abstract The aim of the paper is to widen knowledge about motivation of elite, recreational athletes and non-athletes. Participants from the elite athletes group (n = 35, 16.7 ± .70 years old) were football players of the Slovak national team. Recreational athletes (n = 31, 16.8 ± .80 years old) and non-athletes (n = 29, 15.7 ± .60 years old) are visiting Grammar School in Zvolen. D-M-V standardized questionnaire was used to determine performance motivation. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov's test disconfirmed the null hypothesis on the normality of data. We used the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests to determine the statistical significance of the differences. The results showed that there were significant (p .0.01) differences with large effect size (η2 ≥ .14) in all the three (the performance motives scale, the anxiety inhibiting performance scale and the anxiety supporting performance scale) dimensions among the research groups. The motivation of elite athletes is significantly higher (p = .048; r = .25) compared to the recreational athletes. Also, compared to the non-athletes, the level of performance motivation is significantly higher (p = .002; r = .51) in the elite athletes. Based on the results of the study we can formulate the statement that the level of performance motivation is contingent on the level of sport activity.

scholarly journals Angiotensin-(1-7) Oral Formulation Improves Physical Performance in Mountain Bike Athletes: a Double-blinded Crossover Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samara Silva de Moura ◽  
Adália Táci Pereira Mendes ◽  
Francisco de Assis Dias Martins Júnior ◽  
Nádia Lúcia Totou ◽  
Daniel Barbosa Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Oral Formulation ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Mountain Bike ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
Double Blinded

Abstract Background: The ECA2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis is shown to be involved in effects mediated by physical exercise, as it can induce the release of nitric oxide (ON) and bradykinin (BK), which are potent vasodilators. The vasodilating action the NO/BK can contribute to increased metabolic efficiency in muscle tissue and central nervous system. The formulation HPβ-CD-Ang-(1-7) through its mechanisms of action can be a promising supplement to aid in the maintenance and improvement of performance and may also favor recovery during competitions. The premise of this study was to investigate the effects of acute oral supplementation HPβ-CD-Ang-(1-7) on the performance of mountain bike (MTB) practitioners. Methods: Fourteen recreational athletes, involved in training programs for at least one year, participated in this crossover design study. Subjects underwent two days of testing with a seven-day interval. HPβ-CD-Ang-(1-7) (1.75 mg) and HPβCD-Placebo were provided in capsules three hours prior to tests. To determine the safety of the HPβ-CD-Ang-(1-7) formulation associated with physical effort, cardiovascular parameters heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were analyzed. Physical performance was measured using maximal oxygen uptake (VO2), total exercise time (TET), mechanical work (MW), mechanical efficiency (ME), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Respiratory exchange coefficient (REC), lactate and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were measured. Maximal incremental tests were performed on a progressively loaded leg cycle ergometer. Results: There were no significant differences in terms of HR or BP at rest and maximum effort between the HPβ-CD-Ang-(1-7) and placebo groups. The VO2max showed significant differences (p = 0.04). It was higher in the Ang-(1-7)condition (66.15 mlO2.kg-1.min-1) compared to the placebo (60.72 mlO2.kg-1.min-1). This was also observed for TET (Ang-(1-7) 39.10 min vs. placebo 38.14 min; p = 0.04), MW (Ang-(1-7) 156.7 vs. placebo 148.2; p = 0.04), and at the lowest RPE (Ang-(1-7) vs. placebo; p = 0.009). No significant differences were observed for REC, NEFAs, or Lactate.Conclusion: These results suggest that HPβ-CD-Ang-(1-7) improves the physical performance of MTB recreational athletes and could be a promising supplement.Trial registration: RBR-2x56pw8, registered January 15th, 2021.

scholarly journals Angiotensin-(1-7) oral formulation improves physical performance in mountain bike athletes: a double-blinded crossover study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samara Silva de Moura ◽  
Adália Táci Pereira Mendes ◽  
Francisco de Assis Dias Martins-Júnior ◽  
Nádia Lúcia Totou ◽  
Daniel Barbosa Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Oral Formulation ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mountain Bike ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
Total Exercise Time ◽  
Double Blinded

Abstract Objective This study examined the effects of HPβ-CD-Ang-(1–7) oral supplement on performance of mountain bike (MTB) athletes. Methods Fourteen recreational athletes, involved in training programs for at least one year, participated in this crossover design study. Subjects underwent two days of testing with a seven-day interval. HPβ-CD-Ang-(1–7) (1.75 mg) and HPβCD-Placebo were provided in capsules three hours prior to tests. To determine the safety of the HPβ-CD-Ang-(1–7) formulation associated with physical effort, cardiovascular parameters heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were analyzed. Physical performance was measured using maximal oxygen uptake (VO2), total exercise time (TET), mechanical work (MW), mechanical efficiency (ME), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Respiratory exchange coefficient (REC), lactate and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were measured. Maximal incremental tests were performed on a progressively loaded leg cycle ergometer. Results There were no significant differences in terms of HR or BP at rest and maximum effort between the Ang-(1–7) and placebo groups. The VO2max showed significant differences (p = 0.04). It was higher in the Ang-(1–7)condition (66.15 ml/kg/min) compared to the placebo (60.72 ml/kg/min). This was also observed for TET (Ang-(1–7) 39.10 min vs. placebo 38.14 min; p = 0.04), MW (Ang-(1–7) 156.7 vs. placebo 148.2; p = 0.04), and at the lowest RPE (Ang-(1–7) vs. placebo; p = 0.009). No significant differences were observed for REC, NEFAs, or Lactate. Conclusion These results suggest that HPβ-CD-Ang-(1–7) improves the physical performance of MTB recreational athletes and could be a promising supplement.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability and Stress Recovery Responses during a Training Camp in Elite Young Canoe Sprint Athletes

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Coelho ◽  
Fábio Nakamura ◽  
Micaela Morgado ◽  
Clifton Holmes ◽  
Angela Di Baldassarre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Small Difference ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Small Reduction ◽  
Total Stress ◽  
National Team ◽  
Training Camp

Training camps are typical in elite Canoeing preparation, during which, the care to assure adaptation to avoid undesired fatigue is not always present. This study aimed identifying a specific sex response in perceived training loads, recovery and stress balance, and cardiac autonomic responses. Twenty-one elite athletes (11 males and 10 females) of the Portuguese Canoeing National team participated in the investigation. The daily HRV (lnRMSSD) was monitored. The (RESTQ-52) questionnaire was used to access the recovery and stress state. The 10-day training camp was composed of two consecutive 5-day periods (P1 and P2). Data analyses were performed using confidence limits, effect size, and magnitude-based inference. In the females, Session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), lnRMSSD, and its coefficient of variation did not change between P1 and P2. However, in males, lnRMSSD showed a small reduction from P1 to P2. Also, sRPE was higher in males over the training period, with a possibly small difference at P2. Regarding RESTQ-52, total stress most likely increased with large and very large differences in males and moderate differences in females during the training period. Male canoeists undertook higher perceived training loads than females, with a consequent higher level of total perceived stress and lnRMSSD during a 10-day training camp.

Skin Diseases in Elite Athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Liebich ◽  
V. Vanessa Wegin ◽  
Christine Marquart ◽  
Irene Schubert ◽  
Marie-Luise von Bruehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Physical Strain ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
Sporting Activity ◽  
Skin Integrity

AbstractAn athlete’s skin has to cope with various stressors that influence skin integrity. This study investigated the effect of intense sporting activity at a competitive level on skin health, independent of the type of sport. The prevalence of dermatoses in elite athletes who exercise 8 or more hours per week was compared to recreational athletes. By applying a questionnaire, we acquired data from n=492 recruited athletes and recreational athletes regarding the prevalence of dermatoses, the extent of physical activity, and sports discipline practiced. Compared to the reference group, elite athletes showed less inflammatory, traumatic, infectious, and sebaceous skin diseases and especially neurodermitis, pruritus, bullae, tinea pedis, acne, and herpes were less common. Women suffered from skin diseases more often than men. With advanced age, the incidence of dermatoses increased, but less so among elite athletes. The discipline practiced and the duration of training, especially when performed outdoors, strongly influenced the development of dermatoses. Even though the skin of athletes is exposed to higher stress levels and physical strain, we can state that intensive physical activity seems to act as a protecting factor against skin diseases and significantly promotes skin health.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of Caffeine Intake on Psychological Responses and High-Intensity Exercise Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
Pablo Veiga-Herreros ◽  
Antonio Jesús Sánchez-Oliver ◽  
Juan José Montoya ◽  
Juan José Ramos-Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Psychological Responses ◽  
Subjective Vitality ◽  
Positive Effects

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeine supplementation on: (i) psychological responses of subjective vitality and mood; (ii) performance through a Wingate test; and (iii) rate of perceived exertion (RPE) reported after a Wingate test. Methods: Fifteen male participants (22.60 ± 2.16 years) ingested 6 mg·kg-1 of caffeine or placebo (sucrose) supplementation in two experimental sessions. After 60 min from supplement intake, participants fulfilled two questionnaires, which measured subjective vitality and mood state, respectively. Subsequently, participants’ performance was assessed through a Wingate test, which was followed by measurements of RPE at general, muscular, or cardiovascular level. Results: Caffeine supplementation increased some components of mood, as assessed by profile of mood states (POMS) (tension and vigor dimensions) and subjective vitality profiles, which were followed by a greater maximum power, average power, and lower time needed to reach maximum power during the Wingate test. Moreover, lower RPE, both at muscular and general levels were reported by participants after the Wingate test. Conclusions: These results suggest that caffeine supplementation exerts positive effects both in psychological and physical domains in trained subjects.

scholarly journals Differences in the Psychological Profiles of Elite and Non-elite Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Mitić ◽  
Jasmina Nedeljković ◽  
Željka Bojanić ◽  
Mirjana Franceško ◽  
Ivana Milovanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
National Team ◽  
Talent Selection ◽  
Positive Time ◽  
Negative Time

One of the main goals of sport psychology is to identify those psychological factors that are relevant for sport performance as well as possibilities of their development. The aim of the study was to determine whether the set of specific psychological characteristics [generalized self-efficacy, time perspective, emotional intelligence (EI), general achievement motivation, and personality dimensions] makes the distinction between athletes based on their (non)-participation in the senior national team, that is, their belonging to the subsample of elite or non-elite athletes depending on this criterion. According to the group centroids it can be said that elite athletes are characterized by a positive high score in self-efficacy, emotionality, present fatalistic time perspective, past positive time perspective, and openness to experience. They are also characterized by low past negative time perspective, emotional competence, and future time perspective. Non-elite athletes have the opposite traits. The results have been discussed in the context of their application in the process of talent selection and development in sport as well as the development of life skills in athletes.

A comparison of the balance skills, personality, and temperament traits between elite sports athletes and football players

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Wojciechowska-Maszkowska ◽  
Dorota Borzucka ◽  
Aleksandra Rogowska
Keyword(s):  
Postural Balance ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
National Team ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Temperament Traits

Abstract Background: Although research on balance skills and personality were explored in the field of sports science, little is known about the relationship between the two phenomena. This study aims to investigate the association of postural balance with traits of personality and temperament. The differences between elite athletes, football players, and the control sample will also be examined. Methods: Participants in the case-control study were 73 people, aged between 16 and 30 years old (M = 21.29, SD = 2.47), including 59% of men. Three samples of participants consisted of Elite Athletes (AE, n = 17, 23.29%) of the Polish National Team; Football Players (FP, n = 32, 43.84%); and Control Sample (CS, n = 24, 32.88%). Postural control was assessed on a force platform (Type 9286AA, Kistler Instrument AG, Winterthur, Switzerland) with a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. The center of pressure (COP) parameters was measured during 20 seconds in both conditions eye open, and eye closed, in both directions anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML). The COP parameters include standard deviation (SD), mean range (RA), mean velocity (MV), and entropy (SE). The NEO-FFI questionnaire was used to assess Big-Five personality traits, whereas the FCB-TI was used to measure temperament traits. Results: One-way ANOVA revealed that the EA and CS groups were more stable in ML direction than the FP group. In the AP direction, the athletes from the EA group were more stable than the CS group. Nor personality, neither temperament did not differentiate the three groups of participants, beside agreeableness, which was significantly lower in both EA and FP groups. Openness to experiences is positively associated with COP parameters, as it was shown in regression analysis. All COP parameters can explain for about 40% of openness variability. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that EA and CS have better stability than footballers in both ML and AP direction. Openness seems to be related to postural balance skills.

Does the musical tempo enhance physical performance?

2020 ◽  
pp. 030573562090477
Author(s):  
Jorge A Aburto-Corona ◽  
J A de Paz ◽  
José Moncada-Jiménez ◽  
Bryan Montero-Herrera ◽  
Luis M Gómez-Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Musical Tempo

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the musical tempo on heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and distance run (DR) during a treadmill aerobic test in young male and female adults. Participants ran on the treadmill listening to music at 140 beats per minute (bpm; M140), 120 bpm (M120), or without music (NM). No significant sex differences were found on HR (M140 = 172.6 ± 12.7, M120 = 171.9 ± 11.1, NM = 170.1 ± 12.2 bpm, p = .312), RPE (M140 = 7.5 ± 1.4, M120 = 7.6 ± 1.3, NM = 7.6 ± 1.2, p = .931), or DR (M140 = 4,791.4 ± 2,681.1, M120 = 4,900.0 ± 2,916.9, NM = 4,356.1 ± 2,571.2 m, p = .715). Differences were found in the effect of tempo on HR between condition M140 and NM (172.6 ± 12.7 vs. 170.1 ± 12.2 bpm, p = .044, η2 = 0.32). In conclusion, musical tempo does not affect performance, physiological, or perceptual variables in young adults exercising on a treadmill at a constant speed.

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