scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease risk in an urban African population: a cross-sectional analysis on the role of HIV and antiretroviral treatment

Retrovirology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alinda G. Vos ◽  
Klariska Hoeve ◽  
Roos E. Barth ◽  
Joyce Peper ◽  
Michelle Moorhouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
African Population ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carotid Distensibility ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background Life expectancy is increasing in the HIV-positive population and age-related non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, (CVD) are seen more frequently. This study investigated to what extent HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with CVD risk in an urban African population. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in Johannesburg, South Africa, between July 2016 and November 2017. Both HIV-positive adults (ART-naïve, or on first- or second-line ART), as well as age and sex matched HIV-negative controls who were family or friends of the HIV-positive participants were included. Data were collected on demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, HIV-related characteristics, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid distensibility. The association between HIV, ART and CIMT and distensibility was analysed with linear regression models, adjusting for age, gender and CVD risk factors. Results The study included 548 participants, 337 (62%) females, age 38.3 ± 9.5 years of whom 104 (19.0%) were HIV-positive, ART-naïve; 94 (17.2%) were on first-line ART; 197 (35.9%) were on second-line ART; and 153 (27.9%) were HIV-negative. Participants on second-line ART had higher CIMT and lower distensibility compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). After adjustment for age, these outcomes were similar between groups. Further adjustment for CVD and HIV-related factors did not alter the findings. Conclusion Neither HIV nor ART was associated with CIMT or carotid distensibility in this urban African population. Longitudinal studies are needed to fully understand the relationship between HIV and CVD across different populations.

scholarly journals Dinner consumption and cardiovascular disease risk factors among a nationally representative sample of Iranian adolescents: the CASPIAN-III Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Fahime Akbari ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh ◽  
Gelayol Ardalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative

Introduction: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and dinner consumption in a nationally representative sample of Iranian adolescents. Methods: The present study was conducted on 5642 adolescents aged 10-18 years old in 27 provinces in Iran. The subjects were included applying by multistage random cluster sampling. Participants who ate ≥5 dinners during a week were considered as a dinner consumer. Results: Among 5642 subjects, 1412 (25%) did not consume dinner. Dinner consumers were less likely to be overweight or obese (P < 0.001) and abdominally obese (P < 0.001) as well as to have an abnormal level of HDL-C (P = 0.02). Dinner skipper youths had a higher risk for overweight or obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.39-1.89) and abdominal obesity (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.36-1.85) which remained significant after adjusting confounding factors (P <0001). No relationship was observed between dinner consumption and the rest of the CVD risk factors, neither in crude nor in adjusted models. A higher proportion of dinner-consumer adolescents had no CVD risk factors in comparison to dinner-skipper subjects (31.1% vs. 28%). Conclusion: Eating dinner might be inversely associated with some CVD risk factors among Iranian adolescents. Further prospective studies will need to prove this theory.

scholarly journals Patterns of Immune Activation in HIV and Non HIV Subjects and Its Relation to Cardiovascular Disease Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alinda G. Vos ◽  
Caitlin N. Dodd ◽  
Eveline M. Delemarre ◽  
Stefan Nierkens ◽  
Celicia Serenata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Negative

IntroductionInsight into inflammation patterns is needed to understand the pathophysiology of HIV and related cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed patterns of inflammation related to HIV infection and CVD risk assessed with carotid intima media thickness (CIMT).MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed in Johannesburg, South Africa, including participants with HIV who were virally suppressed on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) as well as HIV-negative participants who were family members or friends to the HIV-positive participants. Information was collected on CVD risk factors and CIMT. Inflammation was measured with the Olink panel ‘inflammation’, allowing to simultaneously assess 92 inflammation markers. Differences in inflammation patterns between HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants were explored using a principal component analysis (PCA) and ANCOVA. The impact of differentiating immune markers, as identified by ANCOVA, on CIMT was assessed using linear regression while adjusting for classic CVD risk factors.ResultsIn total, 185 HIV-positive and 104 HIV negative participants, 63% females, median age 40.7 years (IQR 35.4 – 47.7) were included. HIV-positive individuals were older (+6 years, p &lt;0.01) and had a higher CIMT (p &lt;0.01). No clear patterns of inflammation were identified by use of PCA. Following ANCOVA, nine immune markers differed significantly between HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants, including PDL1. PDL1 was independently associated with CIMT, but upon stratification this effect remained for HIV-negative individuals only.ConclusionHIV positive patients on stable ART and HIV negative controls had similar immune activation patterns. CVD risk in HIV-positive participants was mediated by inflammation markers included in this study.

scholarly journals Intake of Boiled Potato in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in a Large Norwegian Cohort: The HUNT Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Trine Moholdt ◽  
Brooke L. Devlin ◽  
Tom Ivar Lund Nilsen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hunt Study ◽  
Potato Consumption

Overall potato consumption is positively associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as measures of adiposity. However, few studies have explicitly stated the preparation method of potatoes, which may impact these associations. We examined cross-sectional associations between self-reported dietary intake of boiled potatoes and levels of body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, and blood lipids among 43,683 participants in the HUNT Study, Norway in 2006–2008. All estimated associations were adjusted for possible imbalance in age, sex, physical activity, smoking, intake of other foods and alcohol between categories of boiled potato consumption. Overall, there were no large differences in mean levels of CVD risk factors between categories of boiled potato consumption. Compared to the reference group of individuals who consumed boiled potatoes less than once/week, those who reported eating boiled potatoes every day had slightly higher prevalence of high waist circumference (odds ratio [OR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.29), high triglycerides levels (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.07–1.34), and metabolic syndrome (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03–1.33). In summary, consumption of boiled potatoes showed weak and small associations with the CVD risk factors under study, but the cross-sectional design prevents us from drawing any firm conclusions.

scholarly journals Changing Trends in the Prevalence and Disparities of Obesity and Other Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Three Racial/Ethnic Groups of USA Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila X. Romero ◽  
Tomas E. Romero ◽  
Judith C. Shlay ◽  
Lorraine G. Ogden ◽  
Dana Dabelea
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Objectives. To examine trends in the prevalence and disparities of traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among the major race/ethnic groups in the USA: non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs), and Mexican Americans (MAs).Methods. We used cross-sectional trend analysis in women and men aged 25–84 years participating in the NHANES surveys, years 1988–1994 (n=14,341) and 1999–2004 (n=12,360).Results. The prevalence of obesity and hypertension increased significantly in NHW and NHB, both in men and women; NHB had the highest prevalence of obesity and hypertension in each time period. Diabetes prevalence showed a nonsignificant increasing trend in all groups and was higher in MA in both periods. Smoking significantly decreased in NHW men and NHB, the latter with the largest decline although the highest prevalence in each period; no changes were noted in MA, who had the lowest prevalence in both periods. Race/ethnic CVD risk factors disparities widened for obesity and hypercholesterolemia, remained unchanged for diabetes and hypertension, and narrowed for smoking.Conclusions. The increasing prevalence of obesity and hypertension underscores the need for better preventive measures, particularly in the NHB group that exhibits the worst trends. The decline in smoking rates may offset some of these unfavorable trends.

scholarly journals Association between serum uric acid and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents in America: 2001-2018

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0254590
Author(s):  
Qiqi Shi ◽  
Ran Wang ◽  
Huifeng Zhang ◽  
Yaping Shan ◽  
Ming Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Tc ◽  
Low Hdl

SUA is associated with cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults, including chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, and hypertension. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 11219 adolescents 12 to 18 years of age examined in the 2001–2018 National health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We examined the association between SUA and CVD risk factors. The overall mean SUA level was 5.00±1.24mg/dl. Restricted cubic spline analysis results revealed SUA was inversely associated with HDL-C and SPISE and positively associated with TC, TG, LDL-C, nonHDL-C, insulin, SBP and DBP after full adjustment. Multiple logistic analyses showed SUA level was independently associated with high TC, high TG, high nonHDL-C and low HDL-C (all p<0.05). Furthermore, females in the highest quartile of SUA had significantly higher odds for elevated BP (OR = 2.38, 95%CI:1.02–5.54, P<0.05) and high TC (OR = 2.22, 95%CI: 1.49–3.30, P<0.001), which not observed in males. Increased levels of SUA were associated with increased odds of various cardiovascular risk factors in American adolescents, especially females.

scholarly journals Level of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a rural adult population in Sogn og Fjordane

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Kristiansen Solbraa ◽  
Asgeir Mamen ◽  
Geir Kåre Resaland ◽  
Jostein Steene- Johannessen ◽  
Einar Ylvisåker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

<strong><em>Background</em>:</strong> Physical activity (PA) and high cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Sogn og Fjordane County has the reputation of being the most healthy county in Norway. The level of PA and/or CRF may partly explain this health status. However, only one study with regional objectively measured PA data and one study with regional data on CRF currently exist. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe levels of PA, CRF and CVD risk factors in an adult population in the county of Sogn og Fjordane.<em><strong> Methods:</strong> </em>In total, 314 (♀:178 ♂:136) 40-42-year-olds and 308 (♀:175 ♂:133) 53-55-yearolds participated in this cross-sectional study. PA was measured objectively by accelerometry, while CRF was measured directly. <em><strong>Results:</strong></em> There were no sex differences in total PA level. For the 40-42-year-olds, women spent 6.0min/day [95% CI: –11.7 to –0.3] less participating in moderate PA compared to men. For the 53-55- year-olds, women were inactive for 36.0 min/day [95% CI: –55.2 to –16.8] less and they participated in light activity for 26.4 min/day [95% CI: 7.7 to 45.2] more than men. In total, 30.0% [95% CI: 24.8 to 35.2] of the 40-42-year-olds and 30.2% [95% CI: 25.0 to 35.4] of the 53-55-year-olds met the Norwegian recommendations<br />for PA. CRF was 49.0 ml·kg–1·min–1 for men and 41.6 ml·kg–1·min–1 for women for the 40-42-year-olds. For 53-55-year-olds CRF was 41.2 ml·kg–1·min–1 for men and 33.9 ml·kg–1·min–1 for women.<em><strong> Conclusions:</strong></em> These results suggest that the level of PA and CRF are higher compared to other available data. This might explain the advantageous health status in Sogn og Fjordane.

scholarly journals Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, health behaviours and atrial fibrillation in a Nepalese post-seismic population: a cross-sectional screening during a humanitarian medical mission

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Adrega ◽  
Joana Ribeiro ◽  
Luis Santos ◽  
Jose A Santos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Mission

Background and Aims: Nepal is a developing country with increasing rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the recent 2015 earthquakes imposed critical social and epidemiological effects to the population. This study aims to assess the prevalence of CVD risk factors, social health behaviours and atrial fibrillation (AF) in a native population from a remote Nepalese village that was the epicentre of the May 2015 earthquake.Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study, addressing the population of dislodged inhabitants of Sindhupalchok. Data was collected during an opportunistic clinical screening in the midst of a humanitarian medical mission and consisted of demographic, anthropometric and medical data.Results: A total of 270 patients were assessed (41% in a temporary settlement with continuous organisational support and 59% in the remote village with less back-up). Among adults, 89% had low fruit consumption, 49% were overweight or had augmented waist circumference, 42% had smoking habits, 57% consumed alcohol regularly, 22% had high blood pressure measurements and 5% had abnormal glycaemic levels. An 11% prevalence of AF was found among the elderly.Conclusions: The studied population has a high prevalence of CVD risk factors, poor health behaviours and a significant prevalence of AF among the elderly representatives. International partnering and humanitarian work might be important tools to assess the population’s needs and implement corrective measures.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in HIV-Positive Populations in the Asian Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimke Bijker ◽  
Jun Yong Choi ◽  
Rossana Ditangco ◽  
Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul ◽  
Man Po Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Asian Region

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are becoming more prevalent in HIV-infected populations as they age largely due to improved treatment outcomes. Assessment of CVD risk and CVD risk factors in HIV-positive populations has focused on high income settings, while there are limited studies evaluating CVD in HIV-positive populations in the Asian region. Materials and Methods: We provided an overview of the prevalence and incidence of CVD and its risk factors in adult HIV-positive populations, and of the strategies currently in place for CVD management in the Asian region. Results: Studies from the Asian region showed that CVD and CVD risk factors, such as dyslipidaemia, elevated blood glucose, obesity and smoking, are highly prevalent in HIV-positive populations. A number of studies suggested that HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy may contribute to increased CVD risk. National HIV treatment guidelines provide some directions regarding CVD risk prevention and management in the HIV-infected population, however, they are limited in number and scope. Conclusion: Development and consolidation of guidelines for integrated CVD and HIV care are essential to control the burden of CVD in HIV-positive populations. To inform guidelines, policies and practice in the Asian region, research should focus on exploring appropriate CVD risk screening strategies and estimating current and future CVD mortality and morbidity rates.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of cardiovascular disease risk clustering at different socio-geographic levels in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C. Bischops ◽  
Jan-Walter De Neve ◽  
Ashish Awasthi ◽  
Sebastian Vollmer ◽  
Till Bärnighausen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractDespite its importance for the targeting of interventions, little is known about the degree to which cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors cluster within different socio-geographic levels in South Asia. Using two jointly nationally representative household surveys, which sampled 1,082,100 adults across India, we compute the intra-cluster correlation coefficients (ICCs) of five major CVD risk factors (raised blood glucose, raised blood pressure, smoking, overweight, and obesity) at the household, community, district, and state level. Here we show that except for smoking, the level of clustering is generally highest for households, followed by communities, districts, and then states. On average, more economically developed districts have a higher household ICC in rural areas. These findings provide critical information for sample size calculations of cluster-randomized trials and household surveys, and inform the targeting of policies and prevention programming aimed at reducing CVD in India.

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