scholarly journals Cognitive testing of a survey instrument to assess sexual practices, behaviours, and health outcomes: a multi-country study protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianne Gonsalves ◽  
Erin C. Hunter ◽  
Vanessa Brizuela ◽  
Joseph D. Tucker ◽  
Megan L. Srinivas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Study Protocol ◽  
Survey Instrument ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cognitive Interviews ◽  
Country Study ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Background Population level data on sexual practices, behaviours and health-related outcomes can ensure that responsive, relevant health services are available for all people of all ages. However, while billions of dollars have been invested in attempting to improve sexual and reproductive health (including HIV) outcomes, far less is understood about associated sexual practices and behaviours. Therefore, the World Health Organization embarked on a global consultative process to develop a short survey instrument to assess sexual health practices, behaviours and health outcomes. In order for the resulting draft survey instrument to be published as a ‘global’ standard instrument, it is important to first determine that the proposed measures are globally comprehensible and applicable. This paper describes a multi-country study protocol to assess the interpretability and comparability of the survey instrument in a number of diverse countries. Methods This study will use cognitive interviewing, a qualitative data collection method that uses semi-structured interviews to explore how participants process and respond to survey instruments. We aim to include study sites in up to 20 countries. The study procedures consist of: (1) localizing the instrument using forward and back-translation; (2) using a series of cognitive interviews to understand how participants engage with each survey question; (3) revising the core instrument based on interview findings; and (4) conducting an optional second round of cognitive interviews. Data generated from interviews will be summarised into a predeveloped analysis matrix. The entire process (a ‘wave’ of data collection) will be completed simultaneously by 5+ countries, with a total of three waves. This stepwise approach facilitates iterative improvements and sharing across countries. Discussion An important output from this research will be a revised survey instrument, which when subsequently published, can contribute to improving the comparability across contexts of measures of sexual practices, behaviours and health-related outcomes. Site-specific results of the feasibility of conducting this research may help shift perceptions of who and what can be included in sexual health-related research.

scholarly journals Cognitive Testing of a Survey Instrument to Assess Sexual Practices, Behaviours, and Health Outcomes: a Multi-country Study Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianne Gonsalves ◽  
Erin C Hunter ◽  
Joseph D Tucker ◽  
Megan L Srini ◽  
Evelyn Gitau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Study Protocol ◽  
Survey Instrument ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cognitive Interviews ◽  
Country Study ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Background: Population level data on sexual practices, behaviours and health-related outcomes can ensure that responsive, relevant health services are available for all people of all ages. However, while billions of dollars have been invested in attempting to improve sexual and reproductive health (including HIV) outcomes, far less is understood about associated sexual practices and behaviours. Therefore, the World Health Organization embarked on a global consultative process to develop a short survey instrument to assess sexual health practices, behaviours and health outcomes. In order for the resulting draft survey instrument to be published as a ‘global’ standard instrument, it is important to first determine that the proposed measures are globally comprehensible and applicable. This paper describes a multi-country study protocol to assess the validity and comparability of the survey instrument in a number of diverse countries.Methods:This study will use cognitive interviewing, a qualitative data collection method that uses semi-structured interviews to explore how participants process and respond to survey instruments. We aim to include study sites in up to 20 countries. The study procedures consist of: 1) localizing the instrument using forward and back-translation; 2) using a series of cognitive interviews to understand how participants engage with each survey question; 3) revising the core instrument based on interview findings; and 4) conducting an optional second round of cognitive interviews. Data generated from interviews will be summarised into a predeveloped analysis matrix. The entire process (a ‘wave’ of data collection) will be completed simultaneously by 6-7 countries. This stepwise approach facilitates iterative improvements and sharing across countries. Discussion:An important output from this research will be a revised survey instrument, which when subsequently published, can contribute to improving the comparability across contexts of measures of sexual practices, behaviours and health-related outcomes. Site-specific results of the feasibility of conducting this research may help shift perceptions of who and what can be included in sexual health-related research.

Understanding Physiology and Pathology of Sexual Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Mohamed Abasher Haj Ali
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sexual Pleasure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Broad Area ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Health Related ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Female Genital

According to world health organization, Sexual health is a broad area that encompasses many inter-related challenges and problems. Key among the issues and concerns are human rights related to sexual health, sexual pleasure, eroticism, and sexual satisfaction, diseases (HIV/AIDS, STIs, RTIs), violence, female genital mutilation, sexual dysfunction, and mental health related to sexual health. The present review presents physiology and pathology of sexual health which helps the researchers and clinicians to understand and plan and develop new treatment procedures for better reproductive health for the benefit of population in general.

scholarly journals Health System Strategies and Adolescent Sexual Health: A Systematic Review of the Literature using Rodgers Concept Analysis Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 526-536
Author(s):  
Wilfred Njabulo Nunu ◽  
Lufuno Makhado ◽  
Jabu Tsakani Mabunda ◽  
Rachel Tsakani Lebese
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health System ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Concept Analysis ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Adolescent Sexual Health ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences

Background: Health Systems Strategies play a key role in determining Adolescent Sexual Health outcomes. This study aims to review the literature on the relationship between Health Systems Strategies and Adolescent Sexual Health issues guided by Rodger's evolutionary concept analysis framework. The study further develops a Conceptual Framework that would guide a study that seeks to “Develop strategies to facilitate safe sexual practices in adolescents through Integrated Health Systems in selected Districts in Zimbabwe.” Methods: Adolescents, Health Systems, Sexual Health, and Strategies were used to search for published literature (in English) on Google Scholar, PUBMED, EBSCO, Cochran Library, and Science Direct. A total of 142 Articles and 11 reports were obtained, and the content was screened for relevance. This led to 42 articles and 03 reports being found suitable and relevant, and thus, the content was reviewed. Thematic analysis was done to identify attributes, antecedents, and consequences of Health Systems Strategies on Adolescent Sexual Health. These findings were then used to inform the development of the Conceptual Framework. Results: Key attributes, antecedents and consequences of Health System Strategies on Adolescent Sexual Health were identified. Strategies to Improve Adolescent Sexual Health outcomes were also identified. Conclusions: Different contextual factors influence policy changes and the consequences are mixed, with both positive and negative outcomes.

3 Development of School-Aged Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation (SA-LIBRE 5–12) Profile: Item Pool

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S7-S8
Author(s):  
Silvanys L Rodríguez-Mercedes ◽  
Camerin A Rencken ◽  
Khushbu F Patel ◽  
Gabrielle G Grant ◽  
Erin M Kinney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Expert Consensus ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cognitive Interviews ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Life Impact

Abstract Introduction The transition from early childhood to teen years (5–12) is a critical time of development, which can be made particularly challenging by a burn injury. Currently, few validated standardized measures exist for this age group. This study aimed to generate item pools to create a computer adaptive test (CAT) assessing post-burn recovery in school-aged children. Methods Item pool development was based on the School-Aged Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation (SA-LIBRE5-12) Conceptual Model and the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health for Children and Youth. Additional elements included a literature review, expert consensus meetings, and parent cognitive interviews. Candidate items assessing health outcomes were extracted from existing legacy measures during the literature review. Details of expert consensus meetings and parent cognitive interviews are in Table 1. Results Items assessing health outcomes (n=3,732) were extracted during the literature review. Experts binned items across three domains: 1) Physical Functioning (55 items), 2) Psychological Functioning (80 items), and 3) Family and Social Functioning (57 items). Six cognitive interviews were conducted. Qualitative data resulted in further review of 86 items. The results of the cognitive interviews indicated that item stems and response choices were interpretable by respondents. Conclusions This study developed an item pool (n=192) to assess post-burn recovery of school-aged children. The next step in the SA-LIBRE5-12 CAT Profile development will be field-testing for the calibration and item response theory-based validation of the assessment.

scholarly journals Using a crowdsourcing open call, hackathon and a modified Delphi method to develop a consensus statement and sexual health survey instrument

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eneyi E. Kpokiri ◽  
Dan Wu ◽  
Megan L. Srinivas ◽  
Juliana Anderson ◽  
Lale Say ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Survey Instrument ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Global Consensus ◽  
Modified Delphi

AbstractPopulation health surveys are rarely comprehensive in addressing sexual health, and population-representative surveys often lack standardized measures for collecting comparable data across countries. We present a sexual health survey instrument and implementation considerations for population-level sexual health research. The brief, comprehensive sexual health survey and consensus statement was developed via a multi-step process (an open call, a hackathon, and a modified Delphi process). The survey items, domains, entire instruments, and implementation considerations to develop a sexual health survey were solicited via a global crowdsourcing open call. The open call received 175 contributions from 49 countries. Following review of submissions from the open call, 18 finalists and eight facilitators with expertise in sexual health research, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), were invited to a 3-day hackathon to harmonize a survey instrument. Consensus was achieved through an iterative, modified Delphi process that included three rounds of online surveys. The entire process resulted in a 19-item consensus statement and a 10-minute sexual health survey instrument. This is the first global consensus on a sexual and reproductive health survey instrument that can be used to generate cross-national comparative data in both high-income and LMICs. The inclusive process identified priority domains for improvement and can inform the design of sexual and reproductive health programs and contextually relevant data for comparable research across countries.Key points–National population-representative surveys assessing sexual practices, behaviours and health-related outcomes focus on high-income countries and different sexual health measures are often used.–There is a lack of population-level representative sexual health research in low- and middle-income countries.–Existing comparable data on sexual practices and behaviours across countries are limited due to the absence of a standardized global sexual health survey instrument.–We report the global consensus on a set of core sexual health items within a 10-minute survey instrument that accommodates the needs and priorities of people from LMICs and various legal and cultural contexts across countries.–The consensus process breaks new ground in terms of incorporating feedback from diverse individuals using a crowdsourcing open call and hackathon process.

Human papillomavirus vaccine acceptability among a national sample of adult women in the USA

Sexual Health ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan W. Stupiansky ◽  
Susan L. Rosenthal ◽  
Sarah E. Wiehe ◽  
Gregory D. Zimet
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Vaccine Acceptability ◽  
Vaccine Cost ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Hpv Vaccine Acceptability

Background: In the USA, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is currently licensed for 9–26-year-old females, but licensure for women over 26 years is being considered. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of sociodemographic and health-related factors to HPV vaccine acceptability among adult women. Methods: The current study utilised a nationally representative sample of women (n = 1323) aged 27–55 living in the USA, with an oversampling of black and Latina women. A multiple item measure of HPV vaccine acceptability across varying cost and location-of-availability (clinic only v. any local pharmacy) conditions was the main outcome measure. General linear modelling was used to analyse the association of vaccine cost, location availability, and sociodemographic and health-related variables with vaccine acceptability. Results: Vaccine cost had the strongest association with acceptability [F (2, 1249) = 832.1; P < 0.0001]; however, factors such as religiosity, political views, a history of various negative sexual health outcomes and previous flu shot receipt were also associated with acceptability. Location availability had a statistically significant but modest effect, with a slight preference shown for health clinic availability. Conclusions: Adult women had generally high levels of HPV vaccine acceptability, but were greatly influenced by cost of the vaccine. Women who had experienced negative sexual health outcomes due to HPV-specific infection rated the vaccine as more acceptable, perhaps due to distress associated with those outcomes.

scholarly journals COVID-19, Type-2 Diabetes, and Associated Health Outcomes in China: Results from a Nationwide Survey of 10,545 Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zumin Shi ◽  
Alice Yan ◽  
Paul Zimmet ◽  
Xiaoming Sun ◽  
Nayla Cristina do Vale Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Development Program ◽  
World Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the associations between type-2 diabetes (T2DM) and self-reported/familial COVID-19 infection and investigated health-related outcomes among those with diabetes during China’s nationwide quarantine.MethodsThe 2020 China COVID-19 Survey was administered anonymously via social media (WeChat) across China. It was completed by 10,545 adults in all of mainland China’s 31 provinces. The survey consisted of 74 items covering sociodemographic characteristics, preventive measures for COVID-19, lifestyle behaviors, and health-related outcomes during the period of quarantine. Regression models examined associations among study variables, adjusting for covariates.ResultsDiabetes was associated with a six-fold increased risk of reporting COVID-19 infection among respondents or their family members. Among patients with diabetes, individuals who rarely wore masks had double the risk of suspected COVID-19 infection compared with those who always wore masks, with an inverse J-shaped relationship between face mask wearing and suspected COVID-19 infection. People with T2DM tended to have both poor knowledge of COVID-19 and poor compliance with preventive measures, despite perceiving a high risk of personal infection (40.0% among respondents reporting T2DM and 8.0% without T2DM). Only 54-55% of these respondents claimed to consistently practice preventive measures, including wearing face masks. Almost 60% of those with T2DM experienced food or medication shortages during the quarantine period, which was much higher than those without T2DM. Importantly, respondents who experienced medication shortages reported a 63% higher COVID-19 infection rate.ConclusionsT2DM was associated with an increased risk of self-reported personal and family member COVID-19 infection, which is mitigated by consistent use of face masks.FundingThe project is supported in part by research grants from the China Medical Board (Grant number: 16-262), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Number: 2017YFC0907200 & 2017YFC0907201), the University Alliance of the Silk Road (Grant number: 2020LMZX002), and Xi’an Jiaotong University Global Health Institute.Research in ContextEvidence before this studyDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become increasingly clear that the risk factors for initial infection and subsequent poor health outcomes include, but are not limited to, social vulnerability, economic status, older age, and obesity. While community-wide masking has been recommended by the World Health Organization to control COVID-19, its overall effectiveness has not been clearly evaluated.Added value of this studyThrough an anonymous survey disseminated and promoted through WeChat, the largest social media platform in China, we sought to understand the impact of COVID-19 on the health, wellbeing, and health-related behaviors of adults in China. Specifically, this study examined how individuals with chronic diseases managed the threat, including their COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes, and adherence to preventive measures such as wearing face masks, and their disease-related self-care.Implications of the available evidenceThis study demonstrates that type-2 diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection, which is mitigated by consistent use of face masks.

scholarly journals Health System Strategies and Adolescent Sexual Health: Systematic review using Rodgers Concept Analysis Framework

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred Njabulo Nunu ◽  
Lufuno Makhado ◽  
Jabu Tsakani Mabunda ◽  
Rachel Tsakani Lebese
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health System ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Concept Analysis ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Adolescent Sexual Health

Abstract Background: Health Systems Strategies have been key in determining Adolescent Sexual Health outcomes. This study therefore aims to review literature on relationship between Health Systems Strategies and Adolescent Sexual Health issues guided by Rodgers evolutionary concept analysis framework. The study further develops a Conceptual Framework that would guide a study that seeks to “develop strategies to facilitate safe sexual practices in adolescents through Integrated Health Systems in selected Districts in Zimbabwe”.Methods: The words Adolescents, Health Systems, Sexual Health and Strategies were used to search for published literature (in English) on Google Scholar, PUBMED, EBSCO and Science Direct. 111 Articles and 04 reports were obtained and their content screened for relevance and 32 articles 01 report were found suitable and relevant and thus were reviewed. Thematic analysis to identify attributes, antecedents and consequences of Health Systems Strategies on Adolescent Sexual Health was done. These findings were then used to inform the development of the Conceptual Framework.Results: Identified attributes were: contextual, dynamic, engaging and advocating, and inefficient Health Systems in addressing Adolescent Sexual Health. Identified antecedents of these Health System Strategies on Adolescent Sexual Health included; adolescent sexual rights, lack of understanding of what sexual health is, need for integrated Adolescent Sexual Health systems, available resources and type of society. Consequences of these Health Systems Strategies on Adolescent Sexual Health were identified to be; weak Adolescent Sexual Health programs, parallel and fragmented Health Systems, vulnerability and heightened risks for poor health outcomes and challenges in interacting with different ethnic groups and gender.Conclusions: Adolescents are very vulnerable and need to be protected at all costs. There is need to have comprehensive Health Systems Strategies that would positively influence Adolescent Sexual Health.

scholarly journals A Systematic Scoping Review of How Healthcare Organizations Are Facilitating Access to Fruits and Vegetables in Their Patient Populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (11) ◽  
pp. 2859-2873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Veldheer ◽  
Christina Scartozzi ◽  
Amy Knehans ◽  
Tamara Oser ◽  
Natasha Sood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Selection Bias ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improve Patient

ABSTRACT Background There is compelling evidence on the impact of diet as preventative medicine, and with rising health care costs healthcare organizations are attempting to identify interventions to improve patient health outcomes. Objectives The purpose of this systematic scoping review was to characterize existing healthcare organization–based interventions to improve access to fruits and vegetables (F&V) for their patient populations. In addition, we aimed to review the impact of identified interventions on dietary intake and health outcomes. Methods Titles and abstracts were searched in PubMed® (MEDLINE®), Embase®, CINAHL®, and the Cochrane Library® from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2019. To be selected for inclusion, original studies must have included a healthcare organization and have had a programmatic focus on increasing access to or providing fresh F&V to patients in an outpatient, naturalistic setting. The Effective Public Health Practice Project tool was used to assess study quality in 6 domains (selection bias, study design, confounders, blinding, data collection methods, and withdrawals and dropouts). Results A total of 8876 abstracts were screened, yielding 44 manuscripts or abstracts from 27 programs. Six program models were identified: 1) a cash-back rebate program, 2) F&V voucher programs, 3) garden-based programs, 4) subsidized food box programs, 5) home-delivery meal programs, and 6) collaborative food pantry–clinical programs. Only 6 of 27 studies included a control group. The overall quality of the studies was weak due to participant selection bias and incomplete reporting on data collection tools, confounders, and dropouts. Given the heterogeneity of outcomes measured and weak study quality, conclusions regarding dietary and health-related outcomes were limited. Conclusions Healthcare-based initiatives to improve patient access to F&V are novel and have promise. However, future studies will need rigorous study designs and validated data collection tools, particularly related to dietary intake, to better determine the effect of these interventions on health-related outcomes.

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