scholarly journals Determinant factors for adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adult HIV patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia: a case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehd Abdu ◽  
Betelhem Walelgn
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Dessie Referral Hospital ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Introduction World health organization defined adherence as the extent to which a person’s behavior – taking medications, following a diet, or executing lifestyle changes correspond with agreed recommendations from the health care provider. There is a contradiction among studies and previous studies conducted in the study area used a cross-sectional study design. This study aimed to identify determinant factors for adherence to antiretroviral treatment among people living with HIV at Dessie Referral Hospital by using an unmatched case–control study design. Methods and materials an institution-based unmatched case–control study design was used on a total sample of 582 (146 controls and 436 cases). Each respondent was selected by consecutive random sampling. The collected data were entered and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25.0. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables that were statistically significant determinants. Result The mean age of the respondents was 41.64 years. About 61.5% of the participants were females. Patients with baseline HIV stage I was more likely to be adherent to the prescribed HIV medicine (AOR: 2.194 95% CI: 1.116, 4.314) as compared with those with baseline WHO stage IV. Patients who did not take anti-tuberculosis medication collaterally with the prescribed HIV medicine were more likely to be adherent (AOR: 2.271 95% CI: 1.257, 4.102). Patients who took antiretroviral therapy for more than 24 months were more likely to be adherent (AOR: 3.665 95% CI: 1.321, 10.170). Conclusion Initiation of antiretroviral therapy at the later stage of the disease and taking anti-tuberculosis concomitantly were negatively associated with adherence. Being on antiretroviral therapy for a longer duration has a positive association. Health facilities and professionals should strictly apply strategies for the prevention of tuberculosis among HIV patients to avoid concomitant use of anti-tuberculosis medications.

scholarly journals Determinant factors for the occurrence of tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral treatment among adult patients living with HIV at Dessie Referral Hospital, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia, 2020. A case-control study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248490
Author(s):  
Mehd Abdu ◽  
Yeshimebet Ali ◽  
Samuel Anteneh ◽  
Mohammed Yesuf ◽  
Adane Birhanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Dessie Referral Hospital ◽  
Control Study

Introduction Globally, tuberculosis takes the first rank for the ill-health of people living with HIV/AIDS. Despite the favorable outcome of antiretroviral therapy, the risk of tuberculosis remains higher among HIV patients. This obliges to identify factors for its occurrence and further prevention of drug-resistant tuberculosis. There is a contradiction between different studies and studies conducted in Ethiopia studied poorly the association between adherence to antiretroviral therapy and viral load with tuberculosis. Studies conducted in the study area were limited to cross-sectional study design. Therefore, this study claimed to identify factors determining the occurrence of tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Methods This study was conducted at Dessie Referral Hospital by using a case-control study design on a sample of 565 with a control: case ratio of 3:1. Participants from controls were selected by systematic random sampling and from cases by consecutive random sampling. The data were collected by interviewing through structured questionnaires and from the medical record. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1. In the multivariable analysis, variables with a P-value of ≤0.05 were anticipated as independent determinant factors. Result Patients without separate kitchen (AOR: 3.547, 95% CI: 2.137, 5.888), having opportunistic infection (AOR: 3.728, 95% CI: 2.058, 6.753), CD4 count of <350 cells/mm3 (AOR: 3.383, 95% CI: 1.520, 7.528), baseline WHO stage III (AOR: 3.321, 95% CI: 1.688, 6.534) or IV (AOR: 2.900, 95% CI: 1.251, 6.722), don’t taking IPT (AOR: 3.701, 95% CI: 2.228, 6.147) and those who were poorly adherent (AOR: 2.626, 95% CI: 1.272, 5.423) or moderately adherent (AOR: 3.455, 95% CI: 1.885, 6.335) to anti-retroviral therapy were more likely to develop tuberculosis after anti-retroviral therapy initiation. Conclusion Poor housing conditions, having an opportunistic infection, low CD4 count, starting ART at the advanced HIV stage, don’t take IPT, and being poorly adherent to antiretroviral therapy were associated with the occurrence of TB after initiation of ART. The institution should screen for TB as early as possible and strictly follow their drug adherence.

scholarly journals Hepatic Enzyme Alterations in HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Case-Control Study in a Hospital Setting in Ghana

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e0134449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derick Nii Mensah Osakunor ◽  
Christian Obirikorang ◽  
Vincent Fianu ◽  
Isaac Asare ◽  
Mavis Dakorah
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hepatic Enzyme ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Changes in Inflammation but Not in T-Cell Activation Precede Non-AIDS-Defining Events in a Case-Control Study of Patients on Long-term Antiretroviral Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 218 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantia Angelidou ◽  
Peter W Hunt ◽  
Alan L Landay ◽  
Cara C Wilson ◽  
Benigno Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals High Blood Pressure during Pregnancy is not a Protective Factor for Preterm Infants with Very Low Birth Weight. A Case-Control Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annibal Sabino ◽  
Eduardo de Souza ◽  
Ana Goulart ◽  
Adriana Lima ◽  
Nelson Sass
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Case Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Study

Objective To evaluate whether the presence of maternal blood pressure reduces the risks of morbidity, perinatal mortality and morbidity at 24 months of age in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) compared with a control group. Methods A retrospective, observational, case-control study. Total 49 VLBWIs were allocated to the study group, called the maternal arterial hypertension group (AHG), and matched with 44 in the control group (CG). The infants were assessed during hospitalization and at 12 and 24 months corrected age at a specialized clinic. For the assessment of growth, the World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro software (Geneva, 2006) was used, and for the psychomotor assessment, the Denver II test was used. Results In relation to the antenatal variables, the infants of the AHG had more centralized circulation assessed by Doppler, received more corticosteroids and magnesium sulfate, and were born by cesarean section more frequently. In terms of the postnatal and in-hospital outcomes, the AHG had a higher gestational age at birth (30.7 versus 29.6 weeks) and a lower frequency of 5-minute Apgar scores of less than 7 (26.5% versus 52.3%). The CG had a higher rate of pulmonary dysplasia (30.2% versus 8.3%). There were no differences in terms of hospital mortality, complications, somatic growth and functional problems at 24 months of corrected age. Conclusion The presence of maternal hypertension, especially preeclampsia, was not a protective factor against morbidity, mortality and evolution in VLBWIs aged up to 24 months. Therefore, the clinical practice should be focused on prolonging the pregnancy for as long as possible in these conditions as well.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine impact assessment in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah H. Baqui ◽  
Eric D. McCollum ◽  
Samir K. Saha ◽  
Arun K. Roy ◽  
Nabidul H. Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Incident Case ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Study

The study examines the impact of the introduction of 10-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV10) into Bangladesh’s national vaccine program. PCV10 is administered to children under 1 year-old; the scheduled ages of administration are at 6, 10, and 18 weeks. The study is conducted in ~770,000 population containing ~90,000 <5 children in Sylhet, Bangladesh and has five objectives: 1) To collect data on community-based pre-PCV incidence rates of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) in 0-59 month-old children in Sylhet, Bangladesh; 2) To evaluate the effectiveness of PCV10 introduction on Vaccine Type (VT) IPD in 3-59 month-old children using an incident case-control study design. Secondary aims include measuring the effects of PCV10 introduction on all IPD in 3-59 month-old children using case-control study design, and quantifying the emergence of Non Vaccine Type IPD; 3) To evaluate the effectiveness of PCV10 introduction on chest radiograph-confirmed pneumonia in children 3-35 months old using incident case-control study design. We will estimate the incidence trend of clinical and radiologically-confirmed pneumonia in 3-35 month-old children in the study area before and after introduction of PCV10; 4) To determine the feasibility and utility of lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of pediatric pneumonia in a large sample of children in a resource-limited setting. We will also evaluate the effectiveness of PCV10 introduction on ultrasound-confirmed pneumonia in 3-35 month-old children using an incident case-control design and to examine the incidence trend of ultrasound-confirmed pneumonia in 3-35 month-old children in the study area before and after PCV10 introduction; and 5) To determine the direct and indirect effects of vaccination status on nasopharyngeal colonization on VT pneumococci among children with pneumonia.  This paper presents the methodology. The study will allow us to conduct a comprehensive and robust assessment of the impact of national introduction of PCV10 on pneumococcal disease in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Determinants of Low APGAR score in Newborns Delivered at Lemlem Karl General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia, 2018: A Case Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mussie Mulugeta Gebremedhin ◽  
Mengistu Welday Gebremichael ◽  
Berhane Gebreegizabiher Gebremichael ◽  
Mihrete-ab Mehari Reda ◽  
Tesfay Adhena Hailu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Control Study

Abstract BACKGROUND: The Apgar score is a method to quickly summarize the health of newborn children. It establishes a simple and clear classification of newborns, which could be used to predict survival and to compare methods of resuscitation and perinatal experience across hospitals and obstetric practices. Low Apgar score is associated with various immediate and long-term adverse health outcomes of newborns. Hence; in order to decrease the risk/complications, identifying the determinant factors of low Apgar is crucial to act on the modifiable risk factors. This study is aimed to investigate the determinant factors of a low Apgar score in newborn children.METHOD: The study was conducted in Lemelem Karl general hospital; northern Ethiopia. An institutional-based unmatched, case-control study was implemented. Data were retrieved from medical charts of 662 newborns’ mothers who gave birth in the hospital from Sep 2014 to Sep 2017. Among these, 221 of them were cases (charts of mothers whose newborns’ fifth minute Apgar score was <7) and 441 of them were controls (charts of mothers whose newborns’ Apgar score was 7 and above). Data was collected using a pretested and structured checklist using systematic sampling and data was entered & analyzed using SPSS version 20. Binary and multivariable logistic regression was done to determine the association and statistical significance was declared at P-value of ≤0.05. RESULTS: This study revealed that low Apgar score was significantly associated with antepartum hemorrhage [Adjusted odss ratio (AOR) 3.509; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.526-8.067), P= 0.003], pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders [AOR 2.69; 95% CI (1.351-5.357), P= 0.005], prolonged second stage of labor [AOR 2.63; 95% CI (1.399-4.944), P= 0.003], Cesarean delivery [AOR 2.005; 95%CI (1.223-3.287), P= 0.006],meconium-stained liquor [AOR 6.955; 95% CI (3.721-13.001), P<0.001], and low birth weight [AOR 4.38; 95% CI (2.216-8.657), P<0.001].CONCLUSION: Result from this study showed a remarkable linkage of low Apgar score with antepartum hemorrhage, pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders, meconium-stained liquor, and low birth weight. Therefore, meticulous antenatal care and labour management service are recommended to prevent low Apgar score and the concomitant neonatal death.

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