scholarly journals Papua New Guinea agri-food trade and household consumption trends point towards dietary change and increased overweight and obesity prevalence

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Schmidt ◽  
Peixun Fang
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Sweetened Beverages

Abstract Background Papua New Guinea (PNG) experienced positive GDP growth at approximately 4.3% per year during the last decade. With increases in overall wealth within the country, PNG is facing a double burden of malnutrition: comparatively high child stunting rates and a growing overweight and obesity epidemic. We focus on the latter by evaluating trends in agri-food import data from 2001 to 2018 and household consumption data from 2018 and 2009/10. Results The analysis presented in this paper raises three red flags. First, international food import data suggest that the demand for ultra-processed, sugar-sweetened beverages and food have increased substantially over time in PNG. Sugar-sweetened beverages dominated the largest growth in processed food imports, increasing by 23% per capita per year between 2001 and 2018. Second, households across the country with a greater food expenditure on sugar-sweetened beverages have a higher probability of an overweight child (under 5 years old). Last, the probability of soft-drink consumption in PNG increases with greater income acquisition and improved market access. While the price of a soft drink is negatively correlated with the quantity consumed, analysis suggests that total household income has a quantitatively larger (and positive) association with soft drink consumption. Conclusions Taxing (or increasing taxes on) sugar-sweetened beverages may not be a sufficient policy mechanism to curb overconsumption of soft drinks in PNG. Education and advocacy programs should be fostered that integrate improved dietary information on packaging, as well as greater access to and understanding of nutrition and diet information of common household consumption items. While increases in household income and market access are crucial to economic growth and transformation, PNG’s economic transition must be dovetailed with programs that expand and enhance health and nutrition information and education to improve household consumption decisions and overall household wellbeing.

The Role of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption in Adolescent Obesity: A Review of the Literature

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Soft Drink ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Adolescent Obesity ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Sweetened Beverages

Soft drink consumption has increased by 300% in the past 20 years, and 56–85% of children in school consume at least one soft drink daily. The odds ratio of becoming obese among children increases 1.6 times for each additional can or glass of sugar-sweetened drink consumed beyond their usual daily intake of the beverage. Soft drinks currently constitute the leading source of added sugars in the diet and exceed the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s recommended total sugar consumption for adolescents. With the increase in adolescent obesity and the concurrent increase in consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), the assumption infers a relationship between the two variables. SSB, classified as high–glycemic index (GI) liquids, increase postprandial blood glucose levels and decrease insulin sensitivity. Additionally, high-GI drinks submit to a decreased satiety level and subsequent overeating. Low-GI beverages stimulate a delayed return of hunger, thereby prompting an increased flexibility in amounts and frequencies of servings. Single intervention manipulation, elimination, or marked reduction of SSB consumption may serve to decrease caloric intake, increase satiety levels, decrease tendencies towards insulin resistance, and simplify the process of weight management in this population.

scholarly journals Intake of soft drinks and sugar sweetened beverages by Colombian children and adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Fernando Herran ◽  
Eduardo Villamor ◽  
Doris Cristina Quintero-Lesmes
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
South America ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Household Food ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives: to describe the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages in Colombia, South America and variables associated with this consumption. Methods: based on the Food Frequency Questionnaire applied in the National Survey of the Nutritional Situation of Colombia (2010), the prevalence and frequency/day of the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages by 10,070 subjects between 5 and 17 years old was estimated. Results: the prevalence of sugar sweetened beverages consumption in subjects between 5 and 17 years old was 85.3%, and the average frequency of consumption was 0.71 times/day. The relationship between age and the prevalence of consumption displayed a J form, and the association with frequency in times/day was linear. The highest consumption occurred at 16 years of age, with a prevalence of 90.4% and an average frequency of 0.83 times/day. Overweight and obesity were not associated with consumption (p>0.05). Conclusions: the prevalence and average frequency of consumption were positively associated with age, wealth, and level of urbanism and conversely associated with education and household food security. Children with stunting have a reduced prevalence but increased frequency of consumption. The consumption of sweetened-beverages is an expression of the stage of nutritional and food transitions.

scholarly journals Taxes on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages to Reduce Overweight and Obesity in Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e0163358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon S. Nakhimovsky ◽  
Andrea B. Feigl ◽  
Carlos Avila ◽  
Gael O’Sullivan ◽  
Elizabeth Macgregor-Skinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Sweetened Beverages

scholarly journals Adherence to food-based dietary guidelines among adolescents in Germany according to socio-economic status and region: results from Eating Study as a KiGGS Module (EsKiMo) II

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Anna-Kristin Brettschneider ◽  
Clarissa Lage Barbosa ◽  
Marjolein Haftenberger ◽  
Franziska Lehmann ◽  
Gert BM Mensink
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Socio Economic Status

Abstract Objective: Dietary habits developed during childhood and adolescence are likely to continue into adulthood. An unbalanced diet may cause nutrient deficiencies and excessive energy intake; these enhance the risk for developing overweight and obesity and their co-morbidities. In the present analysis, food consumption of adolescents is described and evaluated against German food-based dietary guidelines with special focus on socio-economic status (SES) and region of residence. Design: Within the ‘German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents’ (KiGGS Wave 2), the cross-sectional ‘Eating Study as a KiGGS Module’ (EsKiMo II) was conducted from 2015 until 2017 to provide data about dietary behaviour. Setting: Germany. Participants: 1353 adolescents aged 12–17 years from a nationwide representative sample with food consumption data from computer-assisted dietary history interviews. Results: The median consumption of fruits, vegetables, starchy foods and milk/dairy products among adolescents in Germany was below the recommendation. The median consumption of both meat/meat products and unfavourable foods, like confectionery, which should be consumed sparingly, was about 1·5 times the recommended amount. The total amount of beverages consumed by most adolescents was above the minimum amount recommended. Soft drink consumption of adolescents with a low SES was three to five times higher than soft drink consumption of adolescents with a high SES. Conclusions: The results indicate the need for an improvement of dietary habits among adolescents in Germany. Further approaches to promote healthy diets in Germany should be continued, and the focus on social inequalities should be strengthened.

scholarly journals Correlation between the Consumption Frequency of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages with Serum Triglyceride Levels in Female Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Laga Patriantoro ◽  
Yoga Devaera ◽  
Saptawati Bardosono ◽  
Khalida Fauzia ◽  
Meirina Khoirunnisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Consumption Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescence increases significantly from year to year particularly in Depok. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is one of the causes. Excess triglyceride levels are one of the risk factor for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Consumption frequency of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with increased serum triglyceride levels.  Method: This study used a cross-sectional design involving 47 subjects recruited through the consecutive sampling method. The consumption frequency of sweetened soft drinks is taken by the semiquantitative FFQ method. Samples of serum triglyceride levels were taken from venous blood and measured using enzymatic methods.Result: Forty-seven subjects finished the study protocol The result showed that there is a significant positive correlation with very strong degrees (p = <0.001, r = 0.88) between the consumption frequency of sugar-sweetened beverages with serum triglyceride levels.Conclusion: There is a significant positive correlation with very strong degrees between the consumption frequency of sugar-sweetened beverages with serum triglyceride levels.Keywords: overweight, female adolescence, sugar-sweetened beverages, triglyceride

scholarly journals Factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverages consumption among Malaysian adolescents: findings from the Adolescent Nutrition Survey 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
Ruhaya Salleh ◽  
◽  
Ahmad Ali Zainuddin ◽  
Safiah Md Yusof ◽  
Siew Man Cheong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adolescent Nutrition ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Malaysian Adolescents

Introduction: Childhood obesity is a public health problem in Malaysia. Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) is associated with obesity in children. There is a lack of studies on factors associated with SSB consumption in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with SSB consumption among Malaysian adolescents. Methods: Data of 2,021 students, aged 10-17 years on sociodemographic, SSB intake and anthropometrics were drawn from the school-based Adolescent Nutrition Survey 2017. A multistage stratified cluster sampling was used to obtain a nationally representative sample of primary and secondary school students. Body mass index (BMI)-for-age status was determined based on calculated z-score using the World Health Organization 2007 reference. SSB consumption was obtained from a food frequency questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Malaysian adolescents were 16.6% and 14.7%, respectively. Malaysian adolescents consumed 1.4 cups of SSB per day. Rural children had a significantly higher SSB intake (1.5 cups) than urban (1.3 cups) children, while males (1.5 cups) had a significantly higher intake than females (1.3 cups). There were no significant differences in SSB consumption between thin, normal, overweight and obese adolescents. Conclusion: Almost all Malaysian adolescents consumed SSB during one month prior to the survey and the average amount consumed was 1.4 cups per day. Rural locality and male were associated with higher SSB consumption. There were differences in SSB consumption between Chinese and Malays, between Chinese and Indians, and between Chinese and Bumiputra Sarawak. There were no differences in consumption between the different BMI-for-age categories.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the School Food Environment Affect the Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Among Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Lara Rocha ◽  
Milene Cristine Pessoa ◽  
Lúcia Helena Almeida Gratão ◽  
Ariene Silva do Carmo ◽  
Nayhanne Gomes Cordeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
School Food ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
School Food Environment

Sugar-sweetened beverages are widely available and accessible in school environment, and their presence and characteristics of this environment can influence their consumption. This study examines the association of drinking fountains per 100 students, soft drink sales, soft drink advertising, and the presence of street vendors and sugar-sweetened beverages consumption among adolescents in Brazil. This cross-sectional study was carried out using data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents that was conducted between March 2013 and December 2014. The sample comprised 71,475 adolescents aged 12–17 years from 1,247 public and private schools in Brazilian cities. Sugar-sweetened beverages consumption was the dependent variable. The main effect was the school food environment, which was evaluated based on drinking fountains per 100 students, soft drink sales, soft drink advertising, and the presence of street vendors. Public and private schools that sold soft drinks were associated with higher average sugar-sweetened beverages consumption among adolescents. Our study highlights the importance of creating healthy school food environments by banning sugar-sweetened beverages in schools accordingly.

scholarly journals The Outcomes of Thirsty? Choose Water! A Randomised Controlled Trial to Determine The Effects of A Behavioural and an Environmental Intervention on Water and Sugar Sweetened Beverage Consumption in Adolescents.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Kajons ◽  
Michael David ◽  
Justine Gowland-Ella ◽  
Samantha Batchelor ◽  
Peter Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Environmental Intervention ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
School Based ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background: Childhood obesity is a serious public health challenge in Australia, with approximately one in four (24.9%) children aged 5-17 years being overweight or obese. Sugar sweetened beverages are one contributing factor and detrimental to health. Adolescents are the highest consumers of these, with nearly 25% of NSW children aged 12-17 years consuming sugar sweetened beverages at least 5 or more times per week. This study aims to address this by encouraging adolescents to choose water instead of sugar sweetened beverages and determine the effectiveness of two interventions (one behavioural and one environmental) alone or combined in achieving this outcome.Methods: An open-label randomised controlled trial utilising a two-by-two factorial design recruited 61 schools from across three Local Health Districts in NSW, Australia, randomising them to one of four study arms: a behavioural intervention, an environmental intervention, both or neither. Student surveys, school level surveys and water flow measurement data was collected. The primary outcome was increased water consumption, with secondary outcomes including changes in SSB consumption. To quantify the individual and joint effects of the interventions on the consumption of water and SSBs, random effects multivariable ordinal logistic regression models were derived for each outcome.Results: For students receiving at least one intervention there was an increased odds (though not statistically significant) of higher water consumption compared to those that received no intervention; whilst there was a statistically significant decrease in SSB consumption for students who received both interventions combined (OR = .67; 95% confidence interval, 0.55-.082; P<0.01).Conclusions: Evidence regarding school based obesity prevention continues to emerge, however, to our knowledge this is the first Australian study focussed on examining effective school-based interventions to specifically promote the consumption of water and decrease the consumption of SSBs in adolescents. The combination of a behavioural and an environmental intervention had a greater effect on decreasing SSB consumption. This is noteworthy given SSBs are a key contributor to overweight and obesity. The delivery of these combined interventions in schools can add value to existing interventions that address the complex public health issue of overweight and obesity.Trial Registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ACTRN12618000526279 10 April 2018 http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12618000526279

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