Adherence to food-based dietary guidelines among adolescents in Germany according to socio-economic status and region: results from Eating Study as a KiGGS Module (EsKiMo) II

Abstract Objective: Dietary habits developed during childhood and adolescence are likely to continue into adulthood. An unbalanced diet may cause nutrient deficiencies and excessive energy intake; these enhance the risk for developing overweight and obesity and their co-morbidities. In the present analysis, food consumption of adolescents is described and evaluated against German food-based dietary guidelines with special focus on socio-economic status (SES) and region of residence. Design: Within the ‘German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents’ (KiGGS Wave 2), the cross-sectional ‘Eating Study as a KiGGS Module’ (EsKiMo II) was conducted from 2015 until 2017 to provide data about dietary behaviour. Setting: Germany. Participants: 1353 adolescents aged 12–17 years from a nationwide representative sample with food consumption data from computer-assisted dietary history interviews. Results: The median consumption of fruits, vegetables, starchy foods and milk/dairy products among adolescents in Germany was below the recommendation. The median consumption of both meat/meat products and unfavourable foods, like confectionery, which should be consumed sparingly, was about 1·5 times the recommended amount. The total amount of beverages consumed by most adolescents was above the minimum amount recommended. Soft drink consumption of adolescents with a low SES was three to five times higher than soft drink consumption of adolescents with a high SES. Conclusions: The results indicate the need for an improvement of dietary habits among adolescents in Germany. Further approaches to promote healthy diets in Germany should be continued, and the focus on social inequalities should be strengthened.

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Investigation into longitudinal dietary behaviours and household socio-economic indicators and their association with BMI Z-score and fat mass in South African adolescents: the Birth to Twenty (Bt20) cohort

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980012003308 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 693-703 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Alison B Feeley ◽

Eustasius Musenge ◽

John M Pettifor ◽

Shane A Norris

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Fast Food ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Soft Drink ◽

Economic Status ◽

Economic Indicators ◽

Soft Drink Consumption ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Main Meal

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary habits, change in socio-economic status and BMI Z-score and fat mass in a cohort of South African adolescents.DesignIn the longitudinal study, data were collected at ages 13, 15 and 17 years on a birth cohort who have been followed since 1990. Black participants with complete dietary habits data (breakfast consumption during the week and at weekends, snacking while watching television, eating main meal with family, lunchbox use, number of tuck shop purchases, fast-food consumption, confectionery consumption and sweetened beverage consumption) at all three ages and body composition data at age 17 years were included in the analyses. Generalized estimating equations were used to test the associations between individual longitudinal dietary habits and obesity (denoted by BMI Z-score and fat mass) with adjustments for change in socio-economic status between birth and age 12 years.SettingBirth to Twenty (Bt20) study, Soweto-Johannesburg, South Africa.SubjectsAdolescents (n 1298; 49·7 % male).ResultsIn males, the multivariable analyses showed that soft drink consumption was positively associated with both BMI Z-score and fat mass (P < 0·05). Furthermore, these relationships remained the same after adjustment for socio-economic indicators (P < 0·05). No associations were found in females.ConclusionsLongitudinal soft drink consumption was associated with increased BMI Z-score and fat mass in males only. Fridge ownership at birth (a proxy for greater household disposable income in this cohort) was shown to be associated with both BMI Z-score and fat mass.

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Dental Fluorosis: Concentration of Fluoride in Drinking Water and Consumption of Bottled Beverages in School Children

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.38.4.e77h557k0005077n ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 338-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

N Pérez-Pérez ◽

N Torres-Mendoza ◽

A Borges-Yéñez ◽

ME Irigoyen-Camacho

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Dental Fluorosis ◽

Tap Water ◽

Soft Drink ◽

Economic Status ◽

Fluoride Concentration ◽

Soft Drink Consumption ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Study Results ◽

Water Fluoride

Objective: The purpose of the study was to identify dental fluorosis prevalence and to analyze its association with tap water fluoride concentration and beverage consumption in school children from the city of Oaxaca, who were receiving fluoridated salt. Study design: A cross-sectional study was performed on elementary public school children. Dean's Index was applied to assess dental fluorosis. The parents of the children who were studied completed a questionnaire about socio-demographic characteristics and type of beverages consumed by their children. A total of 917 school children participated in this study. Results: Dental fluorosis prevalence was 80.8%. The most frequent fluorosis category was very mild (41.0%), and 16.4% of the children were in the mild category. The mean water fluoride concentration was 0.43 ppm (±0.12). No association was detected between tap water fluoride concentration and fluorosis severity. The multinomial regression model showed an association among the mild fluorosis category and age (OR = 1.25, [95%CI 1.04, 1.50]) and better socio-economic status (OR = 1.78, [95%CI 1.21, 2.60]), controlling for fluoride concentration in water. Moderate and severe fluorosis were associated with soft drink consumption (OR = 2.26, [95%IC 1.01, 5.09]), controlling for age, socio-economic status, and water fluoride concentration. Conclusions: The prevalence of fluorosis was high. Mild fluorosis was associated with higher socio-economic status, while higher fluorosis severity was associated with soft drink consumption.

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Childhood obesity and socio-economic class

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20171856 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 2130

Author(s):

Rajni Goyal ◽

Puneet Goyal ◽

Rajveer Garg

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Soft Drink ◽

Economic Status ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Portion Size ◽

Supporting Evidence ◽

Economic Class ◽

Socio Economic Status

Background: Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels in developed countries. Overweight and obesity in childhood are known to have significant impact on both physical and psychological health. The mechanism of obesity development is not fully understood and it is believed to be a disorder with multiple causes. There are supporting evidence that excessive sugar intake by soft drink, increased portion size and steady decline in physical activity have been playing major role in the rising rates of obesity all around the world. The aim of this study was to compare the obesity status of children (5-18 years) from the upper and middle socio-economic class.Methods: 400 children (200 boys and 200 girls) in the age group of 5-18 years from upper and middle socio-economic status (According to the modified version of Kuppuswamy’s socio-economic status scale) were selected as subjects for this study. Weight and height were measured in minimum acceptable standard clothing without shoes and socks and BMI was calculated. Because there are changes in body weight and height with age, BMI levels among children and teens need to be expressed relative to other children of the same age and sex. Number of children in each BMI-for-age-percentile-range were calculated. By using chi–square test an association of overweight/obesity with socio-economic class was studied in children.Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity was more in upper socio-economic class boys in comparison with middle socio-economic class boys, more girls from upper socio-economic class were overweight/obese in comparison with middle socio-economic class girls and more girls were obese in comparison to boys from upper socio-economic class.Conclusions: The primary prevention could be the key plan for controlling the current epidemic of obesity and these strategies seem to be more effective in children than in adults.

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Stabilization of overweight prevalence and improvement of dietary habits in French children between 2004 and 2008

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980014002195 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 1883-1889 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Caroline Carriere ◽

Coralie Langevin ◽

Eduoard Kossi Déti ◽

Pascale Barberger-Gateau ◽

Sylvie Maurice ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Habits ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Economic Status ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

School Year ◽

Two Samples ◽

Overweight Prevalence

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to describe changes in overweight and obesity prevalence and eating habits among 7·5–10·5-year-old children in Aquitaine (France) between 2004 and 2008, and to assess how the programme ‘Nutrition, Prevention and Health of children and teenagers in Aquitaine’ implemented in 2004 may have impacted these changes.DesignTwo cross-sectional studies were conducted in two samples of children: the ‘before programme’ sample during the school year 2004/2005 and the ‘after programme’ sample during the school year 2008/2009.SettingsData were collected on gender, age, weight, height, area of residence (rural/urban) and socio-economic status of the school (non-low socio-economic/low socio-economic). Multivariate analyses were used to assess the effect of the regional programme intervention on the evolution of overweight and obesity prevalence and eating habits independently.SubjectsThe ‘before programme’ sample included 1836 children from 163 schools during the school year 2004/2005 and the ‘after programme’ sample included 3483 children from 210 schools during the school year 2008/2009.ResultsAfter adjustment of the model for age, residential area and socio-economic status of the area of residence, the prevalence of overweight including obesity (OR=1·05; 95 % CI 0·89, 1·23, P=0·56) and of obesity (OR=0·99; 95 % CI 0·71, 1·39, P=0·96) was found to have stabilized and eating habits had improved: intake of light afternoon meals had increased (OR=1·38; 95 % CI 1·13, 1·69, P=0·002) while snacking in the morning (OR=0·50; 95 % CI 0·45, 0·57, P<0·001) and nibbling (OR=0·81; 95 % CI 0·70, 0·93, P<0·001) had decreased.ConclusionsThese results encourage the promotion and implementation of regional and national interventions among children regarding their eating habits in order to stabilize or decrease the prevalence of overweight.

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Association of key foods and beverages with obesity in Australian schoolchildren

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980007246634 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 152-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Andrea M Sanigorski ◽

A Colin Bell ◽

Boyd A Swinburn

Keyword(s):

Weight Status ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Telephone Interview ◽

Soft Drink ◽

Economic Status ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Fast Foods ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Unhealthy Weight

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the pattern of intake of key foods and beverages of children aged 4–12 years and the association with weight status.Design and settingA computer-assisted telephone interview was used to determine the intake of fruit, vegetables, packaged snacks, fast foods and sweetened drinks ‘yesterday’ and ‘usually’ as reported by parents/guardians of a representative sample of 2184 children from the Barwon South-Western region of Victoria, Australia.ResultsChildren who consumed >2–3, >3–4 and >4 servings of fruit juice/drinks ‘yesterday’ were, respectively, 1.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–2.2), 1.7 (95% CI 1.2–2.5) and 2.1 (95% CI 1.5–2.9) times more likely to be overweight/obese compared with those who had no servings of fruit juice/drink ‘yesterday’, adjusted for age, gender and socio-economic status (SES). Further, children who had ≥ 3 servings of soft drink ‘yesterday’ were 2.2 (95% CI 1.3–3.9) times more likely to be overweight/obese compared with those who had no servings of soft drink ‘yesterday’, adjusted for age, gender and SES. In addition, children who ‘usually’ drank fruit juice/drinks twice or more per day were 1.7 (95% CI 1.2–2.4) times more likely to be overweight/obese compared with those who drank these beverages once or less per week, adjusted for age, gender and SES. Although fast foods and packaged snacks were regularly eaten, there were no associations between weight status and consumption of these foods.ConclusionsIntake of sweetened beverages was associated with overweight and obesity in this population of Australian schoolchildren and should be a target for intervention programmes aimed at preventing unhealthy weight gain in children.

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Does breast-feeding reduce offspring junk food consumption during childhood? Examinations by socio-economic status and race/ethnicity

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980016003517 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 1441-1451 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dylan B Jackson ◽

Kecia R Johnson

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Economic Status ◽

Well Being ◽

Future Research ◽

Low Ses ◽

Junk Food ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

American Children

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether breast-feeding duration and socio-economic status (SES) interact to predict junk food consumption among offspring and whether the interaction differs across racial/ethnic groups.DesignSurvey research using a longitudinal panel design. Hierarchical linear regression was used to analyse the data.SettingIn-home interviews with the child’s parents over a 5-year period across the USA.SubjectsApproximately 10 000 American children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study: Birth Cohort (ECLS-B).ResultsThe findings revealed that longer breast-feeding durations correspond to lower levels of junk food consumption, but that this relationship emerges consistently only among low-SES blacks.ConclusionsEfforts to promote breast-feeding among low-SES black women may have the added benefit of reducing their children’s junk food intake, and may thereby promote their general health and well-being. Future research should seek to explore the mechanisms by which breast-feeding might benefit the dietary habits of low-SES black children.

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Grocery purchasing among older adults by chewing ability, dietary knowledge and socio-economic status

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980010002508 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1279-1284 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

David S Brennan ◽

Kiran A Singh

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Social Status ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Economic Status ◽

South Australia ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Dietary Knowledge ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Chewing Ability ◽

Purchasing Behaviour

AbstractObjectivesNutrition plays a central role in health, with poor dietary habits and nutritional intake being associated with a range of chronic diseases. The aim was to examine grocery purchasing behaviour in relation to chewing ability, dietary knowledge and socio-economic status (SES) among older adults.DesignData were collected by mailed survey in 2008. Grocery purchasing was measured using a sixteen-item index of compliance of food purchasing with dietary guidelines. Self-reported number of teeth was classified as an inadequate dentition if less than twenty-one teeth were present. Chewing ability was based on a five-item chewing index. Dietary knowledge was collected using twenty true/false items. SES was assessed using a subjective social status rating representing where people stand in society.SettingPopulation survey in Adelaide, South Australia.SubjectsAdults aged 60–71 years.ResultsResponses were collected from 444 persons (response rate = 68·8 %). Among dentate persons, 24·4 % had an inadequate dentition with 10·3 % defined as ‘chewing deficient’. Multivariate regression coefficients adjusted for age, sex and income showed chewing deficiency (−5·8) and low SES (−3·6) was associated (P < 0·05) with lower grocery purchasing scores, but dietary knowledge was not statistically significant.ConclusionsFor older adults, chewing deficiency and lower social status were associated with lower compliance with dietary guidelines, independent of dietary knowledge.

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1500Determinants of dietary behaviour and physical activity in Australian adolescents

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.418 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Sandra Marjanovic ◽

Sithum Munasinghe ◽

Sandro Sperandei ◽

Hir Jani ◽

Elizabeth Conroy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Social Media ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Screen Time ◽

Fast Food ◽

Economic Status ◽

Dietary Behaviour ◽

Health Concern ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Fast Food Consumption

Abstract Background The increased prevalence of obesity, unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyles among Australian adolescents has become a public health concern. This study investigated the associations between socio-economic status, screen-time, social networks, sleep, and wellbeing and subsequent health behaviours. Methods A cohort of 582 adolescents aged 13-19 years from Sydney were prospectively followed for 22-weeks (8 November 2019 – 19 April 2020). Study factors were collected via mobile phone app using weekly ecological momentary assessments (EMAs). Multi-level mixed effects logistic regression model assessed associations between baseline characteristics of participants, socio-economic status, screen-time, sleep, and wellbeing and subsequent dietary behaviour and physical activity. Results TV watching (odds ratio [OR]=1.22, 95% CI: 0.98-1.5), social media and internet use (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.97-1.53) were associated with fast food consumption. Participants who spent more than four hours a day on social media were also less likely to be physically active for ³60 minutes (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.6-0.94). Fast food consumption was associated with lower vegetable (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.43-0.85) and fruit intake (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.61-1.01), and was also more prevalent in participants with a job (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.09-1.86). There was no substantial effect of psychological distress, positive emotions, social relationships and sleep on any health behaviour. Conclusions The present study has shown that lifestyle behaviours had a stronger effect on dietary behaviour and physical activity than some of the socio-demographic factors. Key messages Future studies with a balanced sample in terms of sex, age and cultural background are needed.

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A study on the Relationship of the weight pattern with the socioeconomic status among adolescents school going children in an Indian Metropolitan City

Research in Pharmacy and Health Sciences ◽

10.32463/rphs.2017.v03i02.12 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 320-323

Author(s):

Samar Hossain ◽

Sharma Priyanka ◽

Talib Hossain ◽

Surendra Mohan Mathur

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Socioeconomic Development ◽

Economic Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Obesity And Overweight ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Development Levels

Objective: The last two decades have witnessed an increase in health care costs due to obesity and related issues among children and adolescents. Childhood obesity is a global phenomenon affecting all socio-economic groups, irrespective of age, sex or ethnicity. The study was done to find the the prevalence of obesity and overweight and their association with socioeconomic status (SES) and the risk factors. Materials and Methods: School based cross sectional study carried out over a period of 4 months in three schools of East Delhi. The study was carried out in 629 school children of 10–18 years of age and belonging to different socioeconomic statuses in schools in East Delhi. The obesity and overweight were considered using an updated body mass index reference. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to determine the Socio-economic status and life style factors. Results: The prevalence of overweight among children was higher in middle socioeconomic status groups as compared to high socioeconomic class in both boys and girls whereas the prevalence of obesity was higher in high Socio economic status group as compared to middle socioeconomic group. The prevalence of obesity as well as overweight in low SES group was the lowest as compared to other group. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the prevalence of overweight and obesity varies remarkably with different socioeconomic development levels.

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Evaluation of Nutrient Intake and Food Consumption among Dutch Toddlers

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051531 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1531

Author(s):

Elly Steenbergen ◽

Anne Krijger ◽

Janneke Verkaik-Kloosterman ◽

Liset E. M. Elstgeest ◽

Sovianne ter Borg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Food Groups ◽

Milk Products ◽

Health Council ◽

Dutch Health

Improving dietary habits at a young age could prevent adverse health outcomes. The aim was to gain insight into the adequacy of the dietary intake of Dutch toddlers, which may provide valuable information for preventive measures. Data obtained from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2012–2016 were used, which included 672 children aged one to three years. Habitual intakes of nutrients were evaluated according to recommendations set by the Dutch Health Council. Specific food groups were evaluated according to the Dutch food-based dietary guidelines. For most nutrients, intakes were estimated to be adequate. High intakes were found for saturated fatty acids, retinol, iodine, copper, zinc, and sodium. No statement could be provided on the adequacy of intakes of alpha-linoleic acids, N-3 fish fatty acids, fiber, and iron. 74% of the toddlers used dietary supplements, and 59% used vitamin D supplements specifically. Total median intakes of vegetables, bread, and milk products were sufficient. Consumption of bread, potatoes and cereals, milk products, fats, and drinks consisted largely of unhealthy products. Consumption of unfavorable products may have been the cause of the observed high and low intakes of several nutrients. Shifting towards a healthier diet that is more in line with the guidelines may positively affect the dietary intake of Dutch toddlers and prevent negative health impacts, also later in life.

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