scholarly journals Folk classification of wild mushrooms from San Isidro Buensuceso, Tlaxcala, Central Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Carlos Reyes-López ◽  
Adriana Montoya ◽  
Alejandro Kong ◽  
Ezequiel Alberto Cruz-Campuzano ◽  
Javier Caballero-Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Independent Group ◽  
Wild Mushrooms ◽  
Folk Classification

Abstract Background An ethnomycological study was conducted to describe the fungus concept and the traditional fungus classification system for the Nahuas of San Isidro Buensuceso, in central Mexico. The study which provides information on the co-existence of various forms of classification, based on both cultural and biological characteristics. Methods The research included conducting community interviews and forest forays in the company of mushroom pickers. The triad technique, pile sorting, and fresh mushroom sampling methods were used. Traditional names were analyzed to describe the Nahua classification system for fungi. Results and conclusion The triad technique with non-utilitarian stimuli allowed the fungi to be identified as an independent group of plants and animals. The Nahua people of San Isidro classify fungi primarily based on their use, where they grow, and by humoral characteristics. The analysis of the names revealed a classification based on the criteria proposed by Brent Berlin. This study identified the detailed knowledge of fungi in this Nahua community. The criteria used for the recognition of the species are very reliable, since they use organoleptic, ecological, phenological, and morphological characteristics.

Classification Systems of Cleft Lip, Alveolus and Palate: Results of an International Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110573
Author(s):  
Ruben Houkes ◽  
Johannes Smit ◽  
Peter Mossey ◽  
Peter Don Griot ◽  
Martin Persson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Cleft Extension

Objective This study aimed to identify commonly used classification systems by cleft providers around the world, including the perceived indications and limitations of each system. Design A cross-sectional survey. Participants A total of 197 registrants from three international cleft/craniofacial meetings. Interventions Participants were sent a web-based questionnaire concerning cleft classification systems. Main Outcome Measures Frequency of commonly used classification systems, their perceived indications and limitations. Results A total of 197 respondents from 166 different centers completed the questionnaire. Healthcare professionals from all disciplines responded, with the most frequent respondents being plastic surgeons (38.1%), maxillofacial surgeons (28.4%) and orthodontists (23.9%). Eighteen different classification systems were in use. The most frequently used systems were the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) (35.5%), LAHSHAL (34.0%), and Veau (32.5%) classification systems. Most respondents (32.5%) indicated that anatomical and morphological characteristics are essential components of a classification system. However, respondents indicated that their current classification systems lacked sufficient description of cleft extension and severity. Conclusions Great variety in the use of classification systems exists among craniofacial specialists internationally. The results recommend the usage of the LAHSHAL classification of OFCs, due to its comprehensiveness, relatively high implementation rate globally, convenience of usage and complementarity with the ICD-10 system. Moreover, it can overcome deficiencies inextricably linked to ICD-10, such as incapacity to describe laterality and clefts of the alveolus. More international exposure to the merits of using the LAHSHAL classification system would be highly recommended.

RHYNCHOLITES AND THE PROBLEM OF NARROW AND BROAD CONCEPTION OF TAXONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Khuzina ◽  
V. N. Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Broad Understanding

The paper considers a point of view, based on the conception of the broad understanding of taxons. According to this point of view, rhyncholites of the subgenus Dentatobeccus and Microbeccus are accepted to be synonymous with the genus Rhynchoteuthis, and subgenus Romanovichella is considered to be synonymous with the genus Palaeoteuthis. The criteria, exercising influence on the different approaches to the classification of rhyncholites, have been analyzed (such as age and individual variability, sexual dimorphism, pathological and teratological features, degree of disintegration of material), underestimation of which can lead to inaccuracy. Divestment of the subgenuses Dentatobeccus, Microbeccus and Romanovichella, possessing very bright morphological characteristics, to have an independent status and denomination to their synonyms, has been noted to be unjustified. An artificial system (any suggested variant) with all its minuses is a single probable system for rhyncholites. The main criteria, minimizing its negative sides and proving the separation of the new taxon, is an available mass-scale material. The narrow understanding of the genus, used in sensible limits, has been underlined to simplify the problem of the passing the view about the genus to the other investigators and recognition of rhyncholites for the practical tasks.

scholarly journals Morphological Characteristics, Classifications and Difficulties in the Use of Diagnostic Criteria for Serrated Lesions of the Large Intestine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar de Souza Bastos Junior ◽  
Vera Lucia Nunes Pannain ◽  
Adriana Caroli-Bottino
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Serrated Adenoma ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Serrated Lesions ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Introduction Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal neoplasm in the world, accounting for 15% of cancer-related deaths. This condition is related to different molecular pathways, among them the recently described serrated pathway, whose characteristic entities, serrated lesions, have undergone important changes in their names and diagnostic criteria in the past thirty years. The multiplicity of denominations and criteria over the last years may be responsible for the low interobserver concordance (IOC) described in the literature. Objectives The present study aims to describe the evolution in classification of serrated lesions, based on the last three publications of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the reproducibility of these criteria by pathologists, based on the evaluation of the IOC. Methods A search was conducted in the PubMed, ResearchGate and Portal Capes databases, with the following terms: sessile serrated lesion; serrated lesions; serrated adenoma; interobserver concordance; and reproducibility. Articles published since 1990 were researched. Results and Discussion The classification of serrated lesions in the past thirty years showed different denominations and diagnostic criteria. The reproducibility and IOC of these criteria in the literature, based on the kappa coefficient, varied in most studies, from very poor to moderate. Conclusions Interobserver concordance and the reproducibility of microscopic criteria may represent a limitation for the diagnosis and appropriate management of these lesions. It is necessary to investigate diagnostic tools to improve the performance of the pathologist's evaluation, for better concordance, and, consequently, adequate diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals UV Spectral Classification of B Stars

1985 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 411-413
Author(s):  
Janet Rountree ◽  
George Sonneborn ◽  
Robert J. Panek
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Early Type ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Early Type Stars ◽  
Comprehensive Classification

Previous studies of ultraviolet spectral classification have been insufficient to establish a comprehensive classification system for ultraviolet spectra of early-type stars because of inadequate spectral resolution. We have initiated a new study of ultraviolet spectral classification of B stars using high-dispersion IUE archival data. High-dispersion SWP spectra of MK standards and other B stars are retrieved from the IUE archives and numerically degraded to a uniform resolution of 0.25 or 0.50 Å. The spectra (in the form of plots or photowrites) are then visually examined with the aim of setting up a two-dimensional classification matrix. We follow the method used to create the MK classification system for visual spectra. The purpose of this work is to examine the applicability of the MK system (and in particular, the set of standard stars) in the ultraviolet, and to establish classification criteria in this spectral region.

System for Cross-Classification of Small Group Studies

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1295-1304
Author(s):  
Richard Heslin ◽  
Dexter Dunphy
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Similar System ◽  
Cross Classification

The article describes a method for placing information into a classification system that maximizes the flexibility in retrieval at a later time. It uses (1) a stack of edge-punched cards containing information of interest that has been punched according to (2) a coding system developed by the users. The authors have developed a classification system for the small-group field which is depicted and described in detail. It allows for coding a study on about 50 dimensions to (1) locate an article, (2) give an over-all description of the article, and (3) indicate the variables measured or discussed. Examples of uses and discussion of special features are provided to give the reader sufficient information to establish and use the system or a similar system for his own purposes.

Etiologic Classification of TIA and Minor Stroke by A-S-C-O and Causative Classification System as Compared to TOAST Reduces the Proportion of Patients Categorized as Cause Undetermined

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamsheed A. Desai ◽  
Ahmad R. Abuzinadah ◽  
Oje Imoukhuede ◽  
Manya L. Bernbaum ◽  
Jayesh Modi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Minor Stroke

Introduction of a new AAC symbol classification system: the multidimensional quaternary symbol continuum (MQSC)

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliada Pampoulou ◽  
Donald R. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design Attributes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Symbol Classification

PurposeWhen the augmentative and alternative communication (ACC) model (Lloyd et al., 1990) was proposed, these components of symbols were not considered, nor were they contemplated when superordinate (Lloyd and Fuller, 1986) and subordinate levels (Fuller et al., 1992) of AAC symbol taxonomy were developed. The purpose of this paper is to revisit the ACC model and propose a new symbol classification system called multidimensional quaternary symbol continuum (MQSC)Design/methodology/approachThe field of AAC is evolving at a rapid rate in terms of its clinical, social, research and theoretical underpinnings. Advances in assessment and intervention methods, technology and social issues are all responsible to some degree for the significant changes that have occurred in the field of AAC over the last 30 years. For example, the number of aided symbol collections has increased almost exponentially over the past couple of decades. The proliferation of such a large variety of symbol collections represents a wide range of design attributes, physical attributes and linguistic characteristics for aided symbols and design attributes and linguistic characteristics for unaided symbols.FindingsTherefore, it may be time to revisit the AAC model and more specifically, one of its transmission processes referred to as the means to represent.Originality/valueThe focus of this theoretical paper then, is on the current classification of symbols, issues with respect to the current classification of symbols in terms of ambiguity of terminology and the evolution of symbols, and a proposal for a new means of classifying the means to represent.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon10.1108/JET-04-2021-0024

P–331 The #Enzian classification: A comprehensive non-invasive and surgical description system for endometriosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Keckstein ◽  
H Gernot
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Ovarian Endometriosis ◽  
Deep Endometriosis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Complete Mapping

Abstract Study question Is there a classification for a complete mapping of endometriosis, including anatomical location, size of the lesions, and degree of involvement that can be used with both, diagnostics and surgery? Summary answer #Enzian classification improves in both, non-invasive diagnostic methods and surgical therapy for endometriosis as a universally usable classification system for all aspects of the disease. What is known already The most commonly used r-ASRM classification has certain limitations due to its incomplete description of DE, the complexity of the classification, and lack of reproducibility. In contrast, the Enzian classification, which has been implemented in the last decade, has proved to be the most suitable for the description of DE. However, since it does not include peritoneal and ovarian lesions and lacks a description of tubo-ovarian adhesions, it has not gained full acceptance. A combination of classification with different systems such as r-ASRM, EFI score and Enzian, may complicate classification of the disease due to overlaps and time-consuming documentation. Study design, size, duration The result is a consensus of a panel of renowned clinicians (working group), gynaecological surgeons and sonographers with extensive expertise in diagnosis and therapy of endometriosis. A first draft was written in 2019 by a joint effort of the first and last author and sent to all working group members. Taking all comments into account, a revised draft was then sent to all coauthors and repeated until a consensus was reached (9 revisions). Participants/materials, setting, methods Criteria used to invite the experts to participate in this consensus process included their having significant peer-reviewed publications in the field of diagnosis and management of endometriosis. Main results and the role of chance Our current proposal is the first of its kind to universally describe superficial and deep endometriosis, ovarian endometriosis, adenomyosis and adhesions by using a classification system that can be applied by gynaecologists, surgeons, sonographers and radiologists following the same principles. The correlation between preoperative and surgical staging, on the basis of the Enzian scheme, allows for consistent and clear classification of endometriosis, especially DE. Endometriosis can be mapped completely with one single classification system enabling the use of one common language. Limitations, reasons for caution This classification system is anatomically logical and should be easy to use. Further studies are ongoing and are needed to provide proof for the applicability, reproducibility and accuracy of the #Enzian classification for the description of endometriosis. Wider implications of the findings: #Enzian classification now enabled better coverage of various endometriosis localizations. The possibility of using this system preoperatively as well as postoperatively within the framework of diagnostics offers clinicians a significant improvement in the care of patients with such a complex disease. Trial registration number Not applicable

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