scholarly journals Sympathetic science: analogism in Brazilian ethnobiological repertoires among quilombolas of the Atlantic forest and Amazonian ribeirinhos

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helbert Medeiros Prado ◽  
Rui Sérgio Sereni Murrieta ◽  
Glenn Harvey Shepard ◽  
Tamires de Lima Souza ◽  
Marcelo Nivert Schlindwein
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Heuristic Model ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Food Taboos ◽  
Phenomenological Dimension

Abstract Background Drawing on Phillipe Descola’s comparative analysis of ontological regimes across cultures, this article identifies analogism guiding ethnobiological repertories among two distinctive traditional tropical forest communities in Brazil. Methods We carried out participant observation, semi-structured interviews and informal dialog with 48 individuals, among quilombolas of the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil and ribeirinhos of the Amazon. Results We documented 60 traditional practices governed by analogical principles, comprising hunting, ethnomedical practices, food taboos, and other interactions with non-human entities. We also identify and classify the analogical principles reported in the field data. Based on this classification, we address the phenomenological dimension of the ethnobiological repertoires and discuss the epistemological and ontological foundations of this form of reasoning. We also hypothesize on the role of analogism shaping ethnobiological repertories more generally in Brazil. Conclusion The heuristic model we apply—articulating phenomenology, epistemology and ontology—could prove valuable in ethnobiology and the emerging field of “anthropology beyond the human.”

Shaping accountability at an NGO: a Bourdieusian perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjaya Chinthana Kuruppu ◽  
Sumit Lodhia
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
External Forces

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of accountability as it relates to a non-governmental organisation (NGO) evolving through a period of considerable change in Sri Lanka. Design/methodology/approach An in-depth single case study of a large NGO working in Sri Lanka is presented. Data collection involved conducting semi-structured interviews with a range of NGO employees and stakeholders, undertaking participant and non-participant observation and document analysis. Findings This paper shows how accountability is a contested notion that is shaped by struggles among stakeholders within a field. The authors explore how the “widespread field” consisting of the aid context in Sri Lanka and internationally is rapidly shifting. This creates unique pressures within the “restricted field” of the case NGO and its constituents. These pressures are manifested in the contest between the different capitals held by various stakeholders to shape the NGO. The nature of access to these capitals is important in the way that the NGO is shaped by external forces, and also by the individuals within it. Research limitations/implications This study adds fresh perspective to the growing body of work in NGO accountability. The paper highlights the tensions NGOs face through a holistic application of a Bourdieusian conceptual framework. The authors show how the habitus of the organisation is shaped in such a way that conceptions of accountability were captured by powerful external and internal constituencies. Ultimately, the nature of an organisation’s agency is questioned. Practical implications The authors present a more nuanced understanding of forces which shape accountability in an NGO setting which is of practical relevance to NGOs and their stakeholders. The authors highlight the struggle for an NGO to maintain its agency through resisting external forces that impact on its operations. Originality/value This study presents a comprehensive and holistic application of Bourdieu’s concepts and their interactions in an organisational setting. The struggle to harness various forms of capital in the field, shapes doxa and the habitus of NGO actors, illuminating the role of symbolic violence in the creation of an organisational identity.

scholarly journals Peran Perempuan Dalam Pemeliharaan Rumah Tradisional di Kampung Tarung, Sumba Barat, NTT

HUMANIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Sarah Ulina Kariny ◽  
Ni Luh Arjani ◽  
Industri Ginting Suka
Keyword(s):  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Female Figures ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Village Women ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Local knowledge of Kampung Tarung community is maintained to preserve the traditional house. Most of the local knowledge is practiced by women because it relates to its domestic role. So the role of women has an impact on the preservation of traditional homes. The formulation of problem in this research include (1) How is the role of Kampung Tarung women in traditional house maintenance? (2) What forms of local knowledge do women have in Kampung Tarung? and (3) How is the impact of local knowledge owned by Kampung Tarung women towards the preservation of traditional house ?. The purpose of this research is to (1) identify and explain the role of Tarung Village women in traditional house maintenance; (2) describes the local knowledge forms owned by the Kampung Tarung women; and (3) disclose and analyze the impact of local knowledge of Kampung Tarung women on the preservation of traditional houses. Descriptive qualitative research methods with participant observation techniques, interviews, literature studies, and analysis of field data findings. The role of women in the maintenance of traditional houses in Kampung Tarung can be described by applying the role theory and the theory of ecofeminism. The role, according to Soekanto, is the dynamic aspect of status, so that if a person exercises his rights and obligations in accordance with his position he can be said to run a role. Meanwhile, ecofeminism as proposed Megawangi, see the individual comprehensively as a being that is bound and interact with the environment. This study also uses the concept of women's roles, local knowledge, and traditional houses. The results of the study show the importance of the role of women in the maintenance of traditional houses related to their daily domestic activities, the role is based on local knowledge possessed by women as the most effective way of maintaining traditional houses. Forms of local knowledge that are presently maintained, can not be separated from female figures and forms of local knowledge are taught to the children so that the next generation retains the kelur of the traditional house of Kampung Tarung.

scholarly journals Culture, Sexuality and Indigenous Healing in Pakistan: Exploring Sexual Health Care through Hakeems and Herbalists

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Abdul Qadar ◽  
Zia Ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Indigenous Healing ◽  
Cultural Logic ◽  
Sexual Health Care ◽  
Cultural Order ◽  
Term Basis

Objective: This paper aims to understand the relationship between sexuality, culture, and male sexual health through the role of hakeems as an indigenous healing framework in Pakistan. Study Design: Participant observation (by first author) and personal practice (by second author). Place and Duration of Study: At a matab where second author practices hikmat is located in Islamabad. The fieldwork in the form of collaborative learning has been going on since September 2019 to date. Materials and Methods: This research is based on the participant observation at the matab where people come to seek herbal medicine and consultancy from the hakeem. Narrative account of anthropologist and practice of certified hakeem, through an interactive exchange of ideas about questions of the study, was employed. The study has taken information in the form of semi-structured interviews from the patients who either gave consent or asked to remain anonymous. Results: Results have shown that the nature of the relation between sexuality and cultural order have compelled people to seek hikmat as indigenous healing on a long-term basis. The framework of indigenous healers has helped to understand the cultural logic of sexuality, which is embedded more closely in the practice of hakeems than the biomedical regime. Conclusion: Cultural competence, in this case the same cultural background of the hakeem and patients, adds to our understanding of the indigenous healing framework, sexuality, and culture.

scholarly journals PERANAN KOMISI PEMILIHAN UMUM PROVINSI BENGKULU DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH SERENTAK DI PROVINSI BENGKULU TAHUN 2015

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-43
Author(s):  
Muhammad Laksmana Surya Adi Wibawa
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
The People ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Election Commission

ABSTRACTThe general election is held directly to execute the mandate of the Constitution which stipulates that sovereignty belongs to the people. Therefore, a country that calls itself as a democratic state, the elections should be held at a certain time. Election Commission is an institution established by legislation to hold elections which is national, permanent and independent. Indonesia is a unitary state is a republic whose government delivery system is framed within a policy of decentralization and regional autonomy. One of the most important steps in ensuring good governance at central and local is the process of forming a good government anyway, so also in the Bengkulu Province. Therefore, researchers are interested in taking the title essay “The Role of the Bengkulu Provincial Election Commission in Simultaneously Local Elections in 2015 in Bengkulu Province”. This research aims to determine the role of Bengkulu Provincial Election Commission in conducting simultaneously local elections in 2015 in the Bengkulu Province, the obstacles encountered and efforts made to overcome these obstacles. In analyzing the problems and the facts, the researchers used the theory of the role according to Soekanto. Furthermore, this research will yield some suggestions for the various parties to the improvement of the election system with simultaneous concepts, especially in the Bengkulu Province for the next elections. Through a kind of qualitative research with descriptive and inductive approach, researchers find and process the data and facts onthe ground and then explained in detail and deep understanding of the role of Bengkulu Provincial Election Commission in conducting simultaneously local elections in 2015 in Bengkulu Province. Researchers conducted ethnographic data collection techniques, participant observation, and in-depth interviews. Conducted semi structured interviews with several informants were selected according to the criteria of an ideal informant. Data, facts, and information obtained from the interviews will be through reduction techniques, featuring in a table or chart display, and conclusion drawing. Based on the results of research conducted, proving that Bengkulu Provincial Election Commission perform the role well in the simultaneously local elections in 2015 in Bengkulu Province. The role has not been well executed in terms of facilitating the campaign and increase the number of voter, unfortunately the number of abstention is increase. There are four obstacles faced by the Bengkulu Provincial Election Commission, but followed up with a four attempts have been made in overcoming these obstacles. Keywords: role, bengkulu provincial election commission, simultaneously local elections

scholarly journals Age-Friendly as Tranquilo Ambiente: How Socio-Cultural Perspectives Shape Older Latinos’ Lived Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 237-238
Author(s):  
Melanie Plasencia
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
New York ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Latino Older Adults

Abstract Researchers have increasingly considered the importance of age-friendly communities to improve the health and well-being of older adults. Studies have primarily focused on the built environment, such as community infrastructure, older adult behavior, and environmental expectations. Less attention, however, has been given to the role of cultural characteristics in shaping perceptions of age-friendly environments for Latinos. Using an ethnographic methodological approach, including participant observation in a Latino community near New York City and 72 semi-structured interviews, this study provides empirical insights into how older Latinos characterize age-friendly communities. Latino older adults described their community as age-friendly using Tranquilo Ambiente (TA), which translates to a calm or peaceful environment. According to older adults, a TA possesses the following: 1) a sense of personal safety, including protection of their body, 2) ethnic, social connectedness, including networks with other Latinos and important social and cultural events; and 3) a comparative understanding of their communities treatment of seniors versus other geographical and spatial locations. While much has been written on the role of the built and social environment in developing and implementing age-friendly communities, more research on the cultural significance and understanding of place among marginalized older adults is necessary. TA and its characteristics demonstrate that cultivating an age-friendly setting requires adapting structures and services to promote Latino older adults' social and cultural support and engagement.

scholarly journals Conflicting Paradigms of Religious and Bureaucratic Authority in a British Mosque

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin El-Yousfi
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
Organisational Structure ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Material Condition ◽  
Traditional Institutions

This article analyses an on-going conflict between two groups (Bargil and Kardal) over the management of a mosque located in an area near London. Based on fourteen months of intensive fieldwork, including participant observation, informal chats and semi-structured interviews, this article offers an in-depth and original account of the transformations taking place in mosques concerning the role of imams and mosque committee members. By analysing the object of conflict, the organisational structure, the dynamic of the groups and its leaders, as well as the process of bureaucratisation of mosques as a material condition, I intend to scrutinise the role and status of the imam and mosque committee members. The primary aim of this article is to re-examine and challenge the narrative of decline in religious authority (in Western mosques) propounded by some scholars as being the result of individualisation and the rise of new religious figures outside traditional institutions. I suggest that rather than experiencing a decline in imams’ religious authority, mosques have become controlled by the bureaucratic authority of the committee members. In other words, imams’ religious authority is still exercised, yet only within the bureaucratic framework set by the committee members.

scholarly journals Gender differences in traditional knowledge of useful plants in a Brazilian community

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253820
Author(s):  
Fernanda Vieira da Costa ◽  
Mariana Fernandes Monteiro Guimarães ◽  
Maria Cristina Teixeira Braga Messias
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Ecological Networks ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Plant Knowledge ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Α Diversity

Genders differ in traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) about plants, but how gender influences TEK sharing is still poorly understood. Here, we examined how gender is associated with the diversity, transmission, and structure of TEK. We tested whether women and men differ in terms of plant knowledge (species richness, α-diversity), knowledge heterogeneity (β-diversity), and in the structure of social-ecological networks they form. The study was carried out in a suburban community in the city of Ouro Preto, Southeastern, Brazil. Using the snow-ball technique, semi-structured interviews, guided tours, and participant observation, we gathered information from 33 women and 33 men in the community. We collected information about their culture, social-economic profiles, and plant knowledge from which we identified 291 plant species in 10 use categories. Overall, our results indicated that the cognition and sharing of ethnobotanical knowledge are structured by gender. Women rated better in their plant knowledge repertory (greater α-diversity), while plant knowledge among men was more heterogeneous (greater β-diversity), suggesting less information sharing among them. We observed that the network among women is more connected, exhibited greater information sharing, with a greater number of central individuals, who likely provide the cohesion and maintenance of TEK in the community. Our findings indicate how social-ecological networks can provide insights and information to unveil social patterns of knowledge transmission. Understanding how TEK is fostered and shared among community members will favor better planning of ethnobotanical studies, as well as inform decision-makers about strategies for the conservation of plant TEK.

scholarly journals Expanding the Reach. Traditional Ecological Knowledge And Technological Intensification in Beekeeping Among The Ogiek of Mau Forest, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dauro Mattia Zocchi ◽  
Gabriele Volpato ◽  
Duncan Chalo Mutiso ◽  
Patrick Chalo Mutiso ◽  
Michele Filippo Fontefrancesco
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Modern Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Associated Knowledge

Abstract BackgroundInitiatives for the promotion and intensification of beekeeping through the introduction of modern beehives are taking place in East Africa and elsewhere where beekeeping has been a long-standing livelihood practice. When innovations are introduced into people’s livelihoods and culture, they can trigger multiple changes, aligned or not with the original intentions. We carried out fieldwork in the Eastern part of the Mau Forest Complex, focusing on beekeeping activities among Ogiek beekeepers involved in a project aimed at promoting honey production through the modernization of the apiculture sector. The main aim of the study was to explore the relationships, tensions and complementarity of traditional and modern knowledge and practices and the ways in which they are employed in beekeeping strategies among the Ogiek, as well as to reflect on the changes that this intensification process triggers in the livelihoods of the Ogiek and in their relationship with Mau ForestMethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews and free listing exercises with 30 Ogiek beekeepers. Other methods included guided field walks in apiaries and participant observation. We collected ethnobotanical data about the flora used in beekeeping and ethnographic information on traditional practices of apiary management and honey harvesting and storing.Results We report 66 species that are important for beekeeping purposes in 6 main use categories, namely melliferous species, and species used for making hives, placing hives, attracting bees, harvesting and storing honey. Our study reveals that the Ogiek still possess detailed knowledge of the forest’s flora and its importance and uses. At the same time, they have moved beekeeping out of the forest into open areas of pasture and crop fields, adopting modern beekeeping techniques. The two beekeeping systems have complementary roles in the livelihoods of the Ogiek and rely on different paths of knowledge transmission and on different plant species. We highlight that modern and traditional beekeeping respond to the challenges and requirements of different ecological settings.ConclusionsOur study indicates a complementarity of traditional and modern beekeeping and associated knowledge and practices within the livelihoods of the Ogiek, but it also suggests that the process of honey production intensification, by decoupling beekeeping from the forest, may weaken the relationship between the Ogiek and the forest, thus impairing the Ogiek’s role as guardians of the forest, and eroding beekeeping-associated TEK. Further studies should target the promotion of forest beekeeping via the intensification of log hive production and valorisation of forest honey and associated TEK as well as floristic diversity.

The Need Analysis of Participation in an English Immersion Village at Kampung Inggris Pare

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Widya Rizky Pratiwi ◽  
Haryanto Atmowardoyo ◽  
Kisman Salija
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Immersion Program ◽  
English Immersion ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Need Analysis ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
Initial Perception ◽  
English Immersion Program

The privilege of English as an international lingua franca force many countries to open a wider opportunity for society to learn the language. However, the unbalance between societal needs and the role of English as a foreign language in Indonesia sometimes find the obstacles in the process of learning. This paper reveals the learners’ initial perception of English and analyzes the need for participation in an English immersion program. 24 participants from six English institutions contributed to this qualitative study. The data collected through participant observation and semi-structured interviews for three months in Kampung Inggris Pare, Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. Most of the learners had a negative perception of English before participating in this immersion program that they perceived this language was difficult. This perception is associated with negative experiences during the process of learning English at school. However, their awareness of low self-confidence and poor speaking performance in facing globalization invited them to participate in an English immersion village in Kampung Inggris Pare. This paper concludes that the necessities, the lacks, and students' desire underlie the need analysis of participating in an English immersion program in Kampung Inggris Pare.

Kairotic and chronological knowing: diabetes logbooks in-and-out of the hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Maria Piras
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Right ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge

Purpose The paper reflects on the role of knowledge artefacts in the patient-provider relationship across the organisational boundaries of the clinical setting. Drawing on the analysis of the diabetes logbook, the purpose of this paper is to illustrate the role of knowledge artefacts in a fragmented system of knowledge through the study of two distinct practices: “logbook compiling” and “consultation in the surgery”. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical framework of analysis is rooted in the tradition of practice-based studies which envisions knowledge as the emerging, precarious and socially constructed product of being involved in a practice. The paper follows a designed qualitative research, conducting semi-structured interviews, participant observation and artefact analysis. Findings The knowledge artefacts support different and partially irreducible forms of knowledge. Knowing-in-practice is accomplished by means of different activities which contribute to the reshaping of the knowledge artefact itself. The analysis of the “knowledge artefact-in-use” reveals that different actors (doctors and patients) adopt two different perspectives when investigating the chronic condition. Clinicians are interested in a chronological representation of patient data while patients and families are interested in making sense of specific situations, adopting a kairotic perspective (Kairos: the right moment) that emphasises the instant in which something significant for someone happens. Originality/value The analysis of the knowledge artefacts-in-use has a twofold outcome. On one hand, it illustrates the mutual shaping of knowing, artefacts and practices. On the other hand, it shows how knowledge artefact can become pivotal resources in a fragmented system of knowledge.

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