scholarly journals Is maternal cigarette or water pipe use associated with stopping breastfeeding? Evidence from the Jordan population and family health surveys 2012 and 2017–18

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Can Özalp ◽  
S. Songül Yalçın
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Lower Odds Ratio ◽  
Pipe Tobacco

Abstract Background Maternal smoking is suspected to have negative impacts on breastfeeding, such as decreasing the quantity of breast milk, and reducing vitamin and fat concentrations in the milk in the late lactation period. Cigarette and water pipe tobacco products are widely used in Jordan. We aimed to estimate the association between use of different tobacco products and the rates of current breastfeeding. Methods Data from Jordan’s Population and Family Health Surveys 2012 and 2017–18 were examined. Last-born, living children, aged < 25 months, from singleton births, ever breastfed, and living with their mother were included. The key outcome variables were the current breastfeeding (during last 24 h) and tobacco usage status [water pipe tobacco (hookah or narghile) and/or cigarette tobacco]. Complex sample multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of the current breastfeeding with maternal smoking status. Results Overall, 6726 infants were included in the study. The current breastfeeding rate in infants aged 0–6 months was 87%, compared with 43.9% in infants aged 12–17 months and 19.4% in infants aged 18–24 months. Overall, 4.4% had mothers who smoked cigarettes, 5.4% smoked water pipe, and 1.6% both cigarettes and water pipe. The proportion of breastfed infants in non-smoking mothers was 57.7% and, those in smoke water pipe, cigarette and both tobacco products were 55.4, 44.9, and 51.0% respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that women cigarette smokers had a lower odds ratio (OR) for current breastfeeding (OR 0.60, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.39, 0.92). Multivariate analysis revealed that maternal cigarette smoking was associated with a lower odds ratio for current breastfeeding compared with mothers who smoked neither water pipe nor cigarettes (AOR 0.51, 95% Cl 0.30, 0.87). Conclusions These results indicate that maternal smoking is associated with termination of breastfeeding, suggesting that structured training should be organized for healthcare professionals, expectant mothers and the general public about the association between maternal smoking and cessation of lactation.

Is lithium implicated in tobacco addiction?

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S116-S116
Author(s):  
I. Houas ◽  
D. Haj Mouhamed ◽  
G. Gallelo ◽  
W. Douki ◽  
L. Gaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Lithium Content ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Tobacco Addiction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pipe Tobacco

IntroductionTobacco is a source of mineral elements that can affect human health in various ways, such as lithium, which is used as a psychiatric medication. Lithium salts are used as mood-stabilizing drugs and indicated in the treatment of manic-depressive psychosis.ObjectiveStudying the lithium content in tobacco over the smokers’plasma content and evaluate the potential role of lithium in tobacco addiction.MethodsA total of 18 different tobacco products (cigarettes, smokeless and water pipe tobacco) and 125 plasma samples (45 from smokers, 10 from ex-smokers and 70 from non-smokers) were collected to determinate the lithium content. Tobacco samples were digested with nitric acid and lithium concentration was measured by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission. The collected plasma samples were diluted 1/10 with a nitric acid solution and the lithium level was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.ResultsThe average concentration of lithium in the cigarettes (16.59 ± 0.59 μg/g) was higher compared to those in the smokeless tobacco (8.39 ± 4.44 μg/g) and in the water pipe tobacco (6.13 ± 6.32 μg/g) but with no significant difference (P = 0.182). For plasma lithium levels, there was no significant difference (P = 0.186) between smokers and non-smokers (6.20 ± 6.24 vs. 4.98 ± 6.20 μg/g). However, a significant negative correlation was noted between plasma and the lithium content in tobacco products (r = –0.435; P = 0.04). The lithium plasma level was significantly and negatively correlated with the dependence score (r = –0.316; P = 0.031).ConclusionThe correlation between plasmatic lithium and dependence score in smokers suggests that lithium would be involved in tobacco addiction probably through his regulating action of mood.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Risk factors for community transmission of SARS-CoV-2.  A cross-sectional study in 116,678 people.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyrun F Kjetland ◽  
Karl Trygve Kalleberg ◽  
Camilla Lund Søraas ◽  
Bato Hammarstrøm ◽  
Tor Åge Myklebust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Odds Ratio

Abstract Background The risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission are not well characterised. We sought to identify potential risk factors for transmission and actionable information that can be used to prevent SARS-CoV-2. Methods Individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 at four accredited laboratories were invited. In addition, participants were recruited through a media campaign. Self-reported SARS-CoV-2 test results were compared with laboratory results, demographic data and behavioural facts were collected using a digital platform. In a cross-sectional design positive cases were compared with negative and untested control groups. Findings Approximately 14 days after a countrywide lockdown in Norway, 116,678 participants were included. Median age was 46 years, 44% had children in preschool or in school; 18% were practicing health professionals. International flights, contact with infected individuals, and gatherings of more than 50 people, were associated with increased risk of testing positive. Health professionals who treated COVID-19 patients were at higher risk of testing positive than those who did not. Having undergone light infections, the last six months was strongly associated with lower odds ratio of SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Contact with children, use of hand sanitiser and use of protective gloves in private were also associated with lower odds ratio of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Interpretation Further research is needed to explore if being a parent or looking after children is associated with lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in the next phases of the pandemic. Immunological research should be done to determine the effects of prior trivial infections on SARS-CoV-2 infection. We confirm that large gatherings during the pandemic should be avoided and those who are infected, or under suspicion thereof, posed very high risks to others in this population. Registration: Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NTC 04320732, March 25, 2020.

scholarly journals Risk factors for community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. A cross-sectional study in 116,678 people

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyrun F. Kjetland ◽  
Karl Trygve Kalleberg ◽  
Camilla Lund Søraas ◽  
Bato Hammarström ◽  
Tor Åge Myklebust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Lower Odds Ratio

AbstractBackgroundThe risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission are not well characterised in Western populations. We sought to identify potential risk factors for transmission and actionable information to prevent for SARS-CoV-2.MethodsIndividuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 at four major laboratories were invited. In addition, participants were sampled by convenience after a media campaign. Self-reported test results were compared with laboratory results, demographic data and behavioural facts were collected using a digital platform. In a cross-sectional design positive cases were compared with negative and untested control groups.FindingsApproximately 14 days after a countrywide lockdown in Norway, 116,678 participants were included. Median age was 46 years, 44% had children in preschool or in school; 18% were practicing health professionals. International flights, contact with infected, and gatherings of more than 50 people, were associated with high risk. Health professionals who used public transport were at higher risk of testing positive than those who did not. Having undergone light infections, the last six months was strongly associated with lower odds ratio of SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Contact with children, use of hand sanitiser and use of protective gloves in private were also associated with lower odds ratio of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.InterpretationFurther research is needed to explore if being a parent or looking after children is associated with lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in the next phases of the pandemic. Immunological research should be done to determine the effects of prior trivial infections on SARS-CoV-2 infection. We confirm that large gatherings during the pandemic should be avoided and those who are infected, or under suspicion thereof, posed very high risks to others this population.

scholarly journals Effective tobacco control measures: agreement among medical students

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Regina Martins ◽  
Renato Batista Paceli ◽  
Marco Antônio Bussacos ◽  
Frederico Leon Arrabal Fernandes ◽  
Gustavo Faibischew Prado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Pipe Tobacco ◽  
Level Of Agreement

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the level of agreement with effective tobacco control measures recommended by the World Health Organization and to assess the attitudes toward, knowledge of, and beliefs regarding smoking among third-year medical students at University of São Paulo School of Medicine, located in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Between 2008 and 2012, all third-year medical students were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire based on the Global Health Professionals Student Survey and its additional modules. Results: The study sample comprised 556 students. The level of agreement with the World Health Organization recommendations was high, except for the components “received smoking cessation training” and “raising taxes is effective to reduce the prevalence of smoking”. Most of the students reported that they agree with banning tobacco product sales to minors (95%), believe that physicians are role models to their patients (84%), and believe that they should advise their patients to quit cigarette smoking (96%) and using other tobacco products (94%). Regarding smoking cessation methods, most of the students were found to know more about nicotine replacement therapy than about non-nicotine therapies (93% vs. 53%). Only 37% of the respondents were aware of the importance of educational antismoking materials, and only 31% reported that they believe in the effectiveness of encouraging their patients, during medical visits. In our sample, the prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 5.23%; however, 43.82% of the respondents reported having experimented with water-pipe tobacco smoking. Conclusions: Our results revealed the need to emphasize to third-year medical students the importance of raising the prices of and taxes on tobacco products. We also need to make students aware of the dangers of experimenting with tobacco products other than cigarettes, particularly water-pipe tobacco smoking.

scholarly journals Risk of Weight Loss in Adult Patients and the Effect of Staffing Registered Dietitians in Kaifukuki (Convalescent) Rehabilitation Wards: A Retrospective Analysis of a Nationwide Survey

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Shinta Nishioka ◽  
Yoji Kokura ◽  
Takatsugu Okamoto ◽  
Masako Takayama ◽  
Ichiro Miyai
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Registered Dietitians ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Nutrition Care ◽  
Class 1

There is scarce evidence regarding the risk of weight loss and the effect of having registered dietitians (RDs) on staff in rehabilitation wards on weight loss. We aimed to examine the effects of RDs in Kaifukuki (convalescent) rehabilitation wards (KRWs) on the prevention of weight loss in adult patients. Data from 2-year nationwide annual surveys on KRWs in Japan were retrospectively analysed. Weight loss was defined as loss of ≥5% weight during the KRW stay. Risk of weight loss in class 1 KRWs (obligated to provide nutrition care) was compared with that in class 2–6 KRWs (not obligated). Risk of weight loss in class 2–6 KRWs with RDs was compared to those without. Overall, 17.7% of 39,417 patients lost weight. Class 1 KRWs showed a lower risk of weight loss than class 2–6 KRWs (17.3% vs. 18.5%, p = 0.003). KRWs with RDs showed a significantly lower incidence of weight loss than those without RDs (16.1% vs. 18.8%, p = 0.015). Class 1 KRWs and exclusively staffed RDs were independently associated with lower odds of weight loss (odds ratio = 0.915 and 0.810, respectively). Approximately 18% of KRW patients lost weight, and having RDs on staff can lower the risk of weight loss.

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