QimmeqHealth—thyroid status of Greenland sled dogs (Canis lupus familiaris borealis)

Abstract Background Greenland sled dogs (GSD) are a unique, genetically isolated population of dogs living under exceptional environmental conditions. Metabolism, and thereby thyroid hormones are affected by multiple factors. Among other activity, energy balance and environmental conditions are important. A breed-specific reference interval (RI) can be useful for diagnostics of potential thyroid-related pathologies. The aim of this study was to establish RIs of the thyroid hormones thyroxin (T4), free thyroxin (fT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in GSD. In addition to evaluate the effect of sex, age, season, management, and body condition score (BCS) in GSD. Physical exams and cephalic venous blood sampling were performed in the period of 2018–2019 from 265 GSD managed either privately or by the Danish navy. Serum biochemical analyses, including C-reactive protein, were performed and RIs were determined for TSH, T4 and fT4 in only healthy dogs. The RIs were determined using American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines and the effect of varying factors were evaluated by linear regression and further tested by Mann–Whitney test. Results 144 GSD were included in the reference group resulting in RIs: T4: 6.44–48.65 nmol/L; fT4: 3.91–18.51 pmol/L; and TSH: 0.04–0.55 ng/mL. Female GSD had significantly higher concentrations of T4 (P = 0.039) and fT4 (P = 0.015) compared to males; a positive correlation between TSH and aging was found; T4 concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.003) during summer; and TSH concentrations were lower in GSD managed by the navy (P < 0.0001). BCS was higher (P < 0.0001) in Sirius GSD compared to civilian GSD, and BCS was positively correlated with T4 and negatively correlated with TSH. Conclusions Reference intervals for T4, fT4 and TSH in GSD were established. The RI for T4 and fT4 was lower compared to other breeds. In addition, sex, age, season, management and BCS demonstrated variable effects on thyroid hormones. Our results can be used as a foundation for improving management and further research of GSD.

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Reference Intervals of Thyroid Hormones and Correlation of BMI with Thyroid Function in Healthy Zhuang Ethnic Pregnant Women

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/2032413 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yonghong Sheng ◽

Dongping Huang ◽

Shun Liu ◽

Xuefeng Guo ◽

Jiehua Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Specific Reference ◽

American Thyroid Association ◽

Reference Ranges ◽

Free Triiodothyronine ◽

Cross Sectional

Ethnic differences in the level of thyroid hormones exist among individuals. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) recommends that an institution or region should establish a specific thyroid hormone reference value for each stage of pregnancy. To date, a limited number of studies have reported the level of thyroid hormones in Chinese minorities, and the exact relationship between BMI and thyroid function in pregnant women is ill. This study was performed to establish trimester-specific reference ranges of thyroid hormones in Zhuang ethnic pregnant women and explore the role of body mass index (BMI) on thyroid function. A total of 3324 Zhuang ethnic health pregnant women were recruited in this Zhuang population-based retrospective cross-sectional study. The values of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3) were determined by automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. Multivariate linear regression and binary logistic regression were constructed to evaluate the influence of BMI on the thyroid function. The established reference intervals for the serum thyroid hormones in three trimesters were as follows: TSH, 0.02–3.28, 0.03–3.22, and 0.08-3.71 mIU/L; FT4, 10.57–19.76, 10.05–19.23, and 8.96–17.75 pmol/L; FT3, 3.51–5.64, 3.42–5.42, and 2.93–5.03 pmol/L. These values were markedly lower than those provided by the manufacturers for nonpregnant adults which can potentially result in 6.10% to 19.73% misclassification in Zhuang pregnant women. Moreover, BMI was positively correlated with isolated hypothyroxinemia (OR=1.081, 95% CI=1.007–1.161), while the correlation between the BMI and subclinical hypothyroidism was not statistically significant (OR=0.991, 95% CI=0.917–1.072). This is the first study focusing on the reference ranges of thyroid hormones in Guangxi Zhuang ethnic pregnant women, which will improve the care of them in the diagnosis and treatment. We also found that high BMI was positively associated with the risk of isolated hypothyroxinemia.

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Population-specific reference values for thyroid hormones on the Abbott ARCHITECT i2000 analyzer

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm.2004.091 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Manuel González-Sagrado ◽

Francisco Javier Martín-Gil

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Reference Values ◽

Patient Population ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Reference Ranges ◽

Free Triiodothyronine ◽

Total Triiodothyronine ◽

Abbott Architect

AbstractReliable reference ranges are important in the interpretation of laboratory data, and it is incumbent on each laboratory to verify that the ranges they use are appropriate for the patient population they serve. The objective of this study was to determine population-specific reference ranges for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3) and total triiodothyronine (TT3) on the Abbott ARCHITECT

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First- and Second-Trimester Reference Intervals for Thyroid Hormones during Pregnancy in “Rhea” Mother-Child Cohort, Crete, Greece

Journal of Thyroid Research ◽

10.4061/2011/490783 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Polyxeni Karakosta ◽

Leda Chatzi ◽

Emmanouil Bagkeris ◽

Vasiliki Daraki ◽

Dimitris Alegakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Reference Interval ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Reference Ranges ◽

Thyroid Function Tests ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Free Triiodothyronine ◽

Reference Limit

Estimation and interpretation of thyroid function tests in pregnant women is of utmost importance for maternal, fetal and neonatal health. Our objective was to calculate laboratory- and geography-specific reference intervals for thyroid hormones during pregnancy in an iodine-sufficient area of the Mediterranean, Crete, Greece. This project was performed in the context of “Rhea” mother-child cohort. Fulfillment of extensive questionnaires and estimation of free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and antithyroid antibodies were performed. The reference population was defined using inclusion criteria regarding thyroidal, obstetric, and general medical status of women. Reference interval for TSH was 0.05–2.53 μIU/mL for the first and 0.18–2.73 μIU/mL for the second trimester. 6,8% and 5,9% of women in the first and second trimester, respectively, had TSH higher than the upper reference limit. These trimester-specific population-based reference ranges are essential in everyday clinical practice for the correct interpretation of thyroid hormone values and accurate classification of thyroid disorders.

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Association of Nephropathy with the Thyroid Profile

BioScientific Review ◽

10.32350/bsr.0204.03 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 24-33

Author(s):

Ali Tahir ◽

Fatima- Tuz-Zahra ◽

Imran Tipu

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Kidney Morphology ◽

Kinetic Phenomenon ◽

Thyroid Profile ◽

Hypothyroid Patients ◽

Hyperthyroid Patients

The thyroid gland produces two hormones: thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The thyroid hormone affects both the kidney morphology and its functions. Kidneys are involved in the metabolism and elimination of the thyroid hormones. The current study was conducted on 100 nephropathy patients, of which 57 were female patients and 43 were male patients. Venous blood samples were collected for the estimation of hyperthyroidism in nephropathy patients. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxin, and triiodothyronine were estimated using the chemilumeniscent techniques. Serum creatinine levels were estimated through the modified kinetic phenomenon (Jaffe’s reaction). Serum urea levels were estimated through the urease method and uric acid levels were recorded. The mean age of hypothyroid patients was 37.38 years. It was 34.13 years for patients with the hyperthyroid state, while for the normal patients it was 35.46 years. Women comprised 70% of the hypothyroid patients, whereas among the normal patients their percentage was 29%. Serum TSH level (7.11 ± 0.001 mIU/L) was significantly higher in hypothyroid patients, although it decreased in hyperthyroid patients (0.22 ± 0.001) as compared to the corresponding values in healthy patients (2.54 ± 0.001). The values of T3 (52.3 ± 0.05 ng/dl) and T4 (2.217 ± 0.001) decreased slightly in hypothyroid patients as compared to the healthy patients (104 ± 0.001 and 6.667 ±0.001 respectively), although they remained statistically significant. T3 (356.12 ± 0.001) and T4 (17.99 ± 0.001) significantly increased in hyperthyroid patients. The correlation between thyroid dysfunction and nephropathy was found to be significant. Gender and age proved to be the most important factors for these pathological conditions. Renal function biomarkers including GFR, serum creatinine, urea and uric acid were found to have an association with changes in the thyroid hormones.

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Association of Nephropathy with the Thyroid Profile

BioScientific Review ◽

10.32350/bsr/2020/24/1240 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 24-33

Author(s):

Ali Tahir ◽

Fatima- Tuz-Zahra ◽

Imran Tipu

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Kidney Morphology ◽

Kinetic Phenomenon ◽

Thyroid Profile ◽

Hypothyroid Patients ◽

Hyperthyroid Patients

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Abstract #1180: Trimester Specific Reference Interval for Thyroid Hormones During Pregnancy at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Haryana, India.

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.1016/s1530-891x(20)44828-1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 293

Author(s):

Rajesh Rajput ◽

Bhagat Singh ◽

Vasudha Goel ◽

Amit Verma ◽

Shashi Seth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Reference Interval ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Care Hospital

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The Role of Zinc in Thyroid Hormones Metabolism

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000262 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 89 (1-2) ◽

pp. 80-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Juliana Soares Severo ◽

Jennifer Beatriz Silva Morais ◽

Taynáh Emannuelle Coelho de Freitas ◽

Ana Letícia Pereira Andrade ◽

Mayara Monte Feitosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Zinc Transporters ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Metabolic Adaptations ◽

Serum T3 ◽

Regulatory Effects ◽

Shed Light

Abstract. Thyroid hormones play an important role in body homeostasis by facilitating metabolism of lipids and glucose, regulating metabolic adaptations, responding to changes in energy intake, and controlling thermogenesis. Proper metabolism and action of these hormones requires the participation of various nutrients. Among them is zinc, whose interaction with thyroid hormones is complex. It is known to regulate both the synthesis and mechanism of action of these hormones. In the present review, we aim to shed light on the regulatory effects of zinc on thyroid hormones. Scientific evidence shows that zinc plays a key role in the metabolism of thyroid hormones, specifically by regulating deiodinases enzymes activity, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) synthesis, as well as by modulating the structures of essential transcription factors involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Serum concentrations of zinc also appear to influence the levels of serum T3, T4 and TSH. In addition, studies have shown that Zinc transporters (ZnTs) are present in the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid, but their functions remain unknown. Therefore, it is important to further investigate the roles of zinc in regulation of thyroid hormones metabolism, and their importance in the treatment of several diseases associated with thyroid gland dysfunction.

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Establishment of Early Pregnancy Related Thyroid Hormone Models and Reference Intervals for Pregnant Women in China Based on Real World Data

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/a-1402-0290 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (04) ◽

pp. 272-279

Author(s):

Chaochao Ma ◽

Xiaoqi Li ◽

Lixin Liu ◽

Xinqi Cheng ◽

Fang Xue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Dynamic Change ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Free Thyroxine ◽

Stimulating Hormone

AbstractThyroid hormone reference intervals are crucial for diagnosing and monitoring thyroid dysfunction during early pregnancy, and the dynamic change trend of thyroid hormones during pregnancy can assist clinicians to assess the thyroid function of pregnant women. This study aims to establish early pregnancy related thyroid hormones models and reference intervals for pregnant women. We established two derived databases: derived database* and derived database#. Reference individuals in database* were used to establish gestational age-specific reference intervals for thyroid hormones and early pregnancy related thyroid hormones models for pregnant women. Individuals in database# were apparently healthy non-pregnant women. The thyroid hormones levels of individuals in database# were compared with that of individuals in database* using nonparametric methods and the comparative confidence interval method. The differences in thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine between early pregnant and non-pregnant women were statistically significant (p<0.0001). The reference intervals of thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine for early pregnant women were 0.052–3.393 μIU/ml, 1.01–1.54 ng/dl, and 2.51–3.66 pg/ml, respectively. Results concerning thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine reference intervals of early pregnancy are comparable with those from other studies using the same detection platform. Early pregnancy related thyroid hormones models showed various change patterns with gestational age for thyroid hormones. Early pregnancy related thyroid hormones models and reference intervals for pregnant women were established, so as to provide accurate and reliable reference basis for the diagnosing and monitoring of maternal thyroid disfunction in early pregnancy.

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Individual Serum Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine Levels in Seven Freshwater Fish Species

Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research ◽

10.2478/trser-2021-0004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 59-66

Author(s):

Alexander Atanasoff ◽

Dimitrinka Zapryanova ◽

Cigdem Urku ◽

Galin Nikolov

Keyword(s):

Serum Concentration ◽

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Fresh Water ◽

Fish Species ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Fresh Water Fish ◽

Water Fish ◽

Total Thyroxine ◽

Species Specific

Abstract The thyroid hormones (THs) play an important role in the regulation of the rate of metabolism, affect the growth and function of different systems in the organism. The aim of this study was to assess serum concentration of total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4) as well as T3/T4 ratio in serum from healthy fresh water fish from Salmonidae, Acipenseridae, Cyprinidae, and Clariidae families to determine species-specific reference intervals. Mean concentrations of T3 and T4 levels varied significantly among fish. Finally, the test results show clear differences in the serum concentration of the T3 and T4 and give new insight into the thyroid hormones reference values in some commercial fresh water fish species.

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Effect of Mirtazapine on Thyroid Hormones in Adult Patients with Major Depression

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1177/039463200501800417 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 737-744 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

F. Gambi ◽

D. De Berardis ◽

G. Sepede ◽

D. Campanella ◽

N. Galliani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Treatment Period ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Free T4 ◽

End Of Treatment ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Hpt Axis

Hypothalamic pituitary thyroid (HPT) axis abnormalities and alterations in major depression are reported in literature. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of mirtazapine on thyroid hormones after 6 months of therapy in a sample of adult outpatients with Major Depression (MD). 17 adult outpatients (7 men, 10 women) with MD according to DSM-IV criteria, were included in the study. All participants had to have met criteria for a major depressive episode with a score of at least 15 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Fasting venous blood samples were obtained for determination of serum Thyroid Stimulating Hrmone (TSH), Free T3 (FT3) and Free T4 (FT4) concentrations both at baseline and after 6 months of therapy. HAM-D scores decreased significantly from the first day of treatment to the end of the treatment period (p<0.001) and twelve patients (70.6%) were classified as responders. A significant increase in FT3 concentrations was found between baseline and the end of treatment period (P=0.015) whereas FT4 concentrations decreased (P=0.046). No significant changes were found in TSH levels. Higher FT4 concentrations at baseline predicted higher HAM-D scorers both at baseline and at the end of the treatment period. Furthermore, higher FT3 concentrations at endpoint were found to be predictors of lower HAM-D scores. Long-term treatment with mirtazapine increases FT3 levels and decreases FT4 maybe involving the deiodination process of T4 into T3.

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