CMV, B and C hepatitis among multi-transfused hereditary hemolytic Anemia children: an updated Egyptian experience

Abstract Background and objectives Regular blood transfusion has improved the overall survival and quality of life for patients with hereditary hemolytic anemias. Nevertheless, it carries a real risk of acquisition of blood-borne virus infections, especially viral hepatitis. The purpose of the current study is to present an Egyptian update on blood-borne hepatitis C & B viruses (HCV & HBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) among multi-transfused Egyptian children with hereditary hemolytic anemias, especially after implementation of national preventive programs in Egypt. Patients and methods All pediatric patients with hereditary hemolytic anemias who have regular follow-up and received frequent blood transfusion at the Pediatric Hematology Units, Menuofia and Zagazig Universities Hospitals, Egypt, during the study period, were recruited. They were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBVsAg), hepatitis C antibody (HCVab), and CMV immunoglobulin M (IgM) serology. Those with positive results were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Four hundred and seventy-seven hereditary hemolytic anemia patients fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. Their ages ranged from 2 to 18 years, 54.9% of them were males. Seroprevalence of HCVab and CMV-IgM were (14.7% & 6.7% respectively) and they were confirmed by PCR. None of the studied cases were HBVsAg positive. Seropositivity for HCV was significantly associated with older age of the patients, higher transfusion frequency, longer disease duration, and higher mean serum ferritin. Conclusion HCV followed by CMV infections still represent a significant problem for patients with hereditary hemolytic anemias. Nationwide plans should be taken to ensure meticulous and highly sensitive methods of blood screening before transfusion. On the other hand, it seems that HBV compulsory vaccination had succeeded to eliminate HBV infection.

Download Full-text

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C, Hepatitis B, Cytomegalovirus, and Human Immunodeficiency Viruses in Multitransfused Thalassemic Children in Upper Egypt

Advances in Hematology ◽

10.1155/2016/9032627 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ramadan A. Mahmoud ◽

Abdel-Azeem M. El-Mazary ◽

Ashraf Khodeary

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Thalassemia Major ◽

Upper Egypt ◽

Egyptian Children ◽

Hiv Type 1 ◽

Anti Hiv

Background. Frequent blood transfusions in thalassemia major children expose them to the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in thalassemic children attending the Pediatrics Departments of both Sohag and Minia Universities of Upper Egypt, during the period from May 2014 to May 2015.Methods. Serum samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV, anti-CMV, and anti-HIV type 1 and type 2 using the Vitek Immunodiagnostic Assay System.Results. The frequencies of anti-HCV, HBsAg, anti-CMV, and anti-HIV type 1 and type 2 were found to be 37.11%, 4.12%, 4.12%, 0.00%, and 0.00%, respectively. Seropositivity for anti-HCV, HBsAg, and anti-CMV increased with increasing age of the patients, duration of the disease, serum ferritin level (ng/mL), and liver enzymes (U/L), while it was not significantly associated with gender, frequency of blood transfusion, or the status of splenectomy operation (P>0.05).Conclusion. The frequency of TTIs, especially HCV, is considerably high among Egyptian children with thalassemia major. It is therefore important to implement measures to improve blood transfusion screening, such as polymerase chain reaction, in order to reduce TTIs from blood donor units.

Download Full-text

Risk factors associated with hepatitis C virus infection in Taiwanese government employees

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268801005362 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 126 (2) ◽

pp. 291-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H. C. CHANG ◽

M. W. YU ◽

C. F. LU ◽

Y. H. CHIU ◽

C. J. CHEN

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Educational Levels ◽

Previous Blood Transfusion ◽

Positive Rate

This study evaluated the roles of multiple factors in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, with emphasis on the modification of various individual characteristics on the risk associated with percutaneous exposure to blood. Serum samples taken from 4869 men in Taiwan within a cohort study were tested for HCV antibody. The overall positive rate of anti-HCV was 1·6 %. In a logistic regression, factors positively associated with anti-HCV positivity were previous blood transfusion (odds ratio [OR] = 7·28; 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 4·26–12·45), a history of surgery (OR = 2·06; 95 % CI = 1·23–3·46), and lower educational levels (OR = 1·94; 95 % CI = 1·14–3·32). The anti-HCV positive rate was significantly lower in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers than in non-carriers (OR = 0·60; 95 % CI = 0·37–0·95). Ageing, lower educational levels, O blood group, and Taiwanese ethnicity enhanced the likelihood of HCV infection through blood transfusion/surgery, whereas HBsAg status, cigarette smoking, and habitual alcohol drinking reduced it.

Download Full-text

FREQUENCY OF HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS C IN MULTITRANSFUSED BETA THALASSAEMIA MAJOR PATIENTS IN DISTRICT SWAT

Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat ◽

10.52206/jsmc.2013.3.2.299-302 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 299-302

Author(s):

IMRAN UD DIN KHATTAK ◽

MUKAMIL SHAH ◽

IMTIAZ AHMED ◽

AMIR REHMAN ◽

MOHAMMAD SAJID

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Care Center ◽

Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽

Beta Thalassemia ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Thalassaemia Major ◽

Beta Thalassaemia

BACKGROUND: Beta thalassaemia major is the commonest inherited as autosomal recessive disorder inPakistan. Almost all patients beta thalassaemia major require blood transfusion within the first two years oflife to prevent severe anaemia and its physical consequences. Due to repeated blood transfusions hepatitis Band hepatitis C infections can occur in these patients. To document the prevalence and frequency of hepatitisB & hepatitis C in multi transfused beta Thalassemia major patients in our set up.STUDY DESIGN:Aprospective descriptive study.PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The study was conducted in thalassaemia care center A1 FajarFoundation Blood Transfusion ServicesSwat from 1-1-2012 to 31-12-2012.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Study was carried on 170 multi transfused thalassaemia major patientswho were registered with A1 Fajar Foundation Swat, irrespective of age, sex, time of diagnosis. Only thosepatients were included in the study who had received so far more than 10 transfusions. They were screenedfor hepatitis B and C by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The subjects were in the agesrange of 2-15 year,with 94 (55.29%) male and 76 (94:71%) female.RESULTS: Out of these 10 patients (5.88%) were found to have hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)positive and 37 patients (21.76%) hepatitis C virus(HCV) antibody positive.CONCLUSION: In spite of the fact that screened blood is used for transfusions, still a large number ofpatients have been found infected with hepatitis B and C. It has been recommended that properly screenedbloods using a reliable and accurate method are used for screening of blood to prevent transfusiontransmitted diseases. It can be avoided by giving screened safe blood.KEYWORDS: Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C,Thalassaemia Major,Transfusion

Download Full-text

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus Infections among Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases in Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

ISRN Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/563821 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Abel Girma Ayele ◽

Solomon Gebre-Selassie

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Surface Antigen ◽

Liver Diseases ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Chronic Liver ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Chronic Liver Diseases

Background and Aims. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses are major public health problems worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B and C virus infections in patients with chronic liver diseases in three public hospitals in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia. Methods. The study was conducted on 120 clinically diagnosed chronic liver disease patients. Possible associated factors with infections by the viruses were collected from patient using questionnaire. Serum was screened for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen and antihepatitis C virus antibodies using qualitative immunochromatographic method. Results. Hepatitis B surface antigen was detected in 43 (35.8%) and anti-HCV antibody 27 (22.5%) patients clinically diagnosed to have chronic liver diseases. Hepatitis B virus infection was higher in males 29/76 (38.2%) compared to 14/44 (31.8%) females, while antihepatitis C virus antibody was higher in females 13/44 (29.5%) compared to 14/76 (18.4%) males. Of the study participants, 3 (2.5%) had dual hepatitis B and C virus coinfection. Conclusion. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV antibody was high in patients below 50 years of age. Dental extraction procedure at health facility was associated with hepatitis C virus infection (OR, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.21–7.17, ).

Download Full-text

Prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection in repeatedly transfused thalassemics in a tertiary care hospital in eastern India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20174596 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. 4558 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kheya Mukherjee ◽

Debojyoti Bhattacharjee ◽

Goutam Chakraborti

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Surface Antigen ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Beta Thalassemia ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Virus Infections

Background: Patients of thalassemia who are conventionally treated by a regular transfusion regimen are at a risk of developing transfusion transmissible infections, including hepatitis. The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections among repeatedly transfused thalassemia patients.Methods: A total of 207 patients of beta-thalassemia, who had received at least 10 transfusions were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibody using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA).Results: The overall number of anti-hepatitis C antibody seropositive was 51 (24.6%) and that for hepatitis B surface antigen positives was 7 (3.38%). The prevalence rate for hepatitis B surface antigen was in agreement with average national values, but in case of anti-HCV antibodies the prevalence rate values were comparatively much higher.Conclusions: Stringent measures need to be taken on urgent basis while screening blood for anti-hepatitis C antibody and hepatitis B surface antigen including inclusion of other sensitive assay like nucleic acid test (NAT) as well as better donor recruitment.

Download Full-text

Screening of viral markers for HIV HBV and HCV infections in blood donors in France and residual risk of viral transmission by blood transfusion

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/esm.03.07.00115-en ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

pp. 76-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

J Pillonel ◽

C Saura ◽

A M Couroucé

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Viral Transmission ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

The first part of this article presents the results of screening tests for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from 1986 to 1996. The second part presents the most recent

Download Full-text

Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among End Stage Renal Disease Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis, Their Family Members and Dialysis Staffs - A Prevalence Study

BIRDEM Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/birdem.v8i1.35038 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 42-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rana Mokarram Hossain ◽

M Masud Iqbal ◽

Zeenat Farzana Rahman ◽

Rosy Sultana ◽

Md Habibur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Family Members ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common among patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). This study was undertaken to observe prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection in hemodialysis patients, their family members and dialysis staffs.Methods: In this cross-sectional study 3 groups were included as gr-1 patients on MHD, the first-degree relatives in gr-2 and the dialysis staffs as gr-3. Clinical and laboratory investigations were done. Viral serology included hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) done by enzyme linked immunosorbent sorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results: Total 150 subjects were analyzed where 50 were in gr-1, 60 gr-2 and 40 in gr-3. In gr-1 MHD patients, HBV infection was positive in 12% and HCV in 71%. None of the viral markers were positive in family members and dialysis staffs. Blood transfusion (BT) was taken by 76% MHD patents. The frequency of HBV and HCV infection was of similar pattern in both BT dependent and non BT group (P=NS).When HCV positive and negative patents were (71 vs. 29%, p<0.001) compared, dialysis duration (37 ± 34 vs. 11± 6 months, p<0.001) was found higher in positive patients.Conclusion: This survey on dialysis patients showed that prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections was higher in Bangladeshi patients on MHD groups. Horizontal spread of these viruses is negligible in caregivers and dialysis staffs.Birdem Med J 2018; 8(1): 42-46

Download Full-text

Residual risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections by blood transfusion in northern Brazil

Transfusion ◽

10.1111/trf.14146 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 1968-1976 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Priscilla Cristina Moura Vieira ◽

Letícia Martins Lamarão ◽

Carlos Eduardo de Melo Amaral ◽

Angelita Silva de Miranda Corrêa ◽

Maria Salete Maciel de Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Residual Risk ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Northern Brazil

Download Full-text

Profile of Transfusion Transmitted Infections – A Study among Blood Donors

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/186 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 861-865

Author(s):

Lekshmi Leela Rajan ◽

Suma M.S. ◽

Harikumar S.

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Blood Products ◽

Blood Safety ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Safe Blood

BACKGROUND Transfusion of blood and blood products is an essential component of patient care in various health care settings. Blood is collected from non-remunerated donors. Many infections can spread through the transfusion of blood and blood components. Testing of donor blood for infectious agents prior to transfusion of blood products increases blood safety. Mandatory testing of five transfusion transmitted infections is done prior to transfusion following manufacturer’s instructions and quality specifications. Prevalence study will help the blood transfusion services to select and implement the strategies effectively for blood safety. METHODS This is a descriptive study based on retrospective collection of data from available records. Donor results were recorded and maintained to ensure the traceability of specific donor. The data was collected from the blood donor records and registers pertaining to the 10 year period from 2007 to 2016. Samples seroreactive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, malaria and syphilis were recorded and analysed. RESULTS A total of 1,73,027 donors donated blood during the ten-year period. Of these 1, 65,824 were males and 7203 were females. Male to female ratio was 23:1. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroreactivity is the most common which came to about 419 in this 10-year period with a prevalence rate of 0.24 % or 24 reactive cases in every 10,000 donors. Prevalence rate of Hepatitis C and HIV infection was 0.09 % and 0.035 % respectively. Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and malaria reactivity was 0.02 %. CONCLUSIONS As safe blood supply is an important strategy of blood transfusion services, newer diagnostic tools should be implemented nationwide to overcome the problems with the window period and to detect infections with variant strains. KEY WORDS Prevalence, Transfusion Transmitted Infections, HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C, Syphilis

Download Full-text

Comparative Study of Seropositivity of Mandatory Blood Transfusion Associated Diseases between Voluntary and Replacement Donors

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2021/38 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (04) ◽

pp. 199-203

Author(s):

Jagjeewan Ram ◽

Lubna Khan ◽

Namrata Nigam ◽

Aparna Singh

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Virus Hepatitis ◽

B Virus ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

BACKGROUND Every blood transfusion is associated with 1 % chance of transfusion associated problems including transfusion transmitted blood-borne infections to its recipient. The major globally prevalent transfusion transmitted infections are human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, syphilis and malaria parasite. We wanted to compare safety of blood among replacement and voluntary donations by comparing the prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections among them. METHODS All donors were screened by enzyme-linked immunoassay for five transfusion transmissible infectious agents - human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and syphilis by collecting plasma from the pilot tube attached to the blood bag. Malaria was tested from whole blood sample. RESULTS A total of 24,491 donors was included in the study. Among them 21,090 (86.11 %) were replacement and 3,401 (13.89 %) were voluntary donors. Out of 24,491 donors, 560 (2.29 %) units tested positive. Hepatitis B virus (hepatitis B surface antigen) is found to be the most prevalent transfusion transmitted infection among both replacement donations and voluntary donations. CONCLUSIONS There should be more voluntary donations to achieve safer blood transfusion practices as self-deferral by donors with high risk condition is the most effective way to reduce prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections. KEYWORDS Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay, Hepatitis C Virus, Hepatitis, Replacement Donors, Transfusion Transmitted Infections, Voluntary Donors

Download Full-text