scholarly journals Excretion of Histomonas meleagridis following experimental co-infection of distinct chicken lines with Heterakis gallinarum and Ascaridia galli

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gürbüz Daş ◽  
Lukas Wachter ◽  
Manuel Stehr ◽  
Ivana Bilic ◽  
Beatrice Grafl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Indirect Detection ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Genetic Line ◽  
Chicken Line ◽  
Negative Interaction ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Heterakis Gallinarum ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Host Feces

Abstract Background Histomonosis is a severe re-emerging disease of poultry caused by Histomonas meleagridis, a protozoan parasite which survives in the environment via the cecal worm Heterakis gallinarum. Following infection, the parasites reside in the ceca and are excreted via host feces. In the present work, male birds of conventional broiler (Ross 308, R), layer (Lohmann Brown Plus, LB) and a dual-purpose (Lohmann Dual, LD) chicken line were infected with 250 embryonated eggs of Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum, respectively, with the latter nematode harboring Histomonas meleagridis, to investigate a co-infection of nematodes with the protozoan parasite in different host lines. Methods In weekly intervals, from 2 to 9 weeks post infection (wpi), individual fecal samples (n = 234) from the chickens were collected to quantify the excretion of H. meleagridis by real-time PCR and to determine the number of nematode eggs per gram (EPG) in order to elucidate excretion dynamics of the flagellate and the nematodes. This was further investigated by indirect detection using plasma samples of the birds to detect antibodies specific for H. meleagridis and worms by ELISA. The infection with H. meleagridis was confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry to detect the flagellate in the cecum of representing birds. Results The excretion of H. meleagridis could already be observed from the 2nd wpi in some birds and increased to 100% in the last week of the experiment in all groups independent of the genetic line. This increase could be confirmed by ELISA, even though the number of excreted H. meleagridis per bird was generally low. Overall, histomonads were detected in 60% to 78% of birds with temporary differences between the different genetic lines, which also showed variations in the EPG and worm burden of both nematodes. Conclusions The infection with H. gallinarum eggs contaminated with H. meleagridis led to a permanent excretion of the flagellate in host feces. Differences in the excretion of H. meleagridis in the feces of genetically different host lines occurred intermittently. The excretion of the protozoan or its vector H. gallinarum was mostly exclusive, showing a negative interaction between the two parasites in the same host. Graphic abstract

STUDI NEMATODA PADA AYAM PETELUR (Gallus gallus) STRAIN ISA BROWN DI PETERNAKAN MANDIRI KELURAHAN TEGAL SARI, KECAMATAN GADING REJO, KAB. PRINGSEWU, LAMPUNG

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Rio Riski Ananda ◽  
Emantis Rosa ◽  
Gina Dania Pratami
Keyword(s):  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Heterakis Gallinarum ◽  
Syngamus Trachea

Ayam petelur merupakan ayam yang khusus dipelihara untuk diambil telurnya. Kandungan protein telur yang tinggi serta harganya yang terjangkau membuat ayam jenis petelur ini banyak dibudidayakan. Namun dalam pembudidayaannya masih sering terdapat kendala, salah satunya disebabkan oleh berbagai nematoda yang menyebabkan berbagai macam infeksi. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2017 sampai bulan Juni 2017. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Peternakan mandiri, di Kelurahan Tegal Sari, Kecamatan Gading Rejo, Kabupaten Pringsewu, Provinsi Lampung dan identifikasi dilakukan di Balai Veteriner Lampung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis telur nematoda dan mengetahui nilai prevalensi parasit tersebut pada ayam.petelur. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling, yaitu mengambil sampel feses dari setiap kandang yang diduga terinfeksi nematoda sebanyak 100 sampel. Penghitugan jumlah telur parasit menggunakan uji Mc. Master. Hasil penelitian pada ayam strain ISA Brown ditemukan nematoda Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum dan Syngamus trachea. Nilai prevalensi serangan nematoda paling tinggi sebesar 43% oleh Ascaridia galli dan nilai prevalensi paling rendah sebesar 4% oleh Syngamus trachea.

scholarly journals Heart ventricular histology and microvasculature together with aortic histology and elastic lamellar structure: A comparison of a novel dual-purpose to a broiler chicken line

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e0214158 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Harash ◽  
Kenneth C. Richardson ◽  
Zaher Alshamy ◽  
Hana Hünigen ◽  
Hafez Mohamed Hafez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lamellar Structure ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Chicken Line ◽  
Dual Purpose

scholarly journals Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminth Infections in Indigenous Chickens of Selected Areas of Barisal District, Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Alam ◽  
M Mostofa ◽  
MAHNA Khan ◽  
MA Alim ◽  
AKMA Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Routine Examination ◽  
Pathological Lesions ◽  
Heterakis Gallinarum ◽  
Indigenous Chickens ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Different Types

The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth infections and the gross pathological lesions produced by them were studied from February 2012 to January 2013 in the Department of Pharmacology of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. In this study, a total of 320 indigenous chickens aged ranging from 2 to 4 months were examined to identify the different types of gastrointestinal helminth infections in indigenous chickens. During routine examination, six species of helminth parasites were recorded, of which five species of nematodes such as Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, Capillaria spp, Acuaria hamulosa and Dispharynx spiralis; and one species was cestode called Raillietina tetragona. The highest prevalence was observed for Ascaridia galli (41.56%) followed in descending order by Raillietina tetragona (19.68%), Heterakis gallinarum (15.62%), Acuaria hamulosa (8.75%), Capillaria spp. (4.68% ) and Disopharinx spiralis (1.56%). The gross pathological lesions were observed in case of Acuaria hamulosa and Heterakis gallinarum infection. In case of Acuaria hamulosa infection keratinization of gizzard mucosa and cross section of adult Acuaria hamulosa were seen along with marked infiltration of neutrophils. The results of this study suggest that both nematodes and cestodes are highly prevalent in indigenous chickens in the studied area.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21275 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 135-139 

On the Interaction between Heterakis gallinarum, Ascaridia galli, “Blackhead” and the Chicken

1962 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Heterakis Gallinarum ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Small Intestinal

Measured dosages of larvated eggs of the caecal nematode, Heterakis gallinarum and the small intestinal nematode, Ascaridia galli were fed to domestic chickens, in order to study the distribution of the numbers of worms developing and the influence on the worms and the chicks of the treatments in the experiments. These treatments are summarised in Table 1, p. 110.Chronic respiratory disease, accidentally acquired by the groups of chicks in varying degrees appeared to have no influence on the course of the worm infections and the ensuing blackhead (Table 2, p. 112).Following ingestion of eggs of Heterakis, blackhead occurred in three of four groups of chicks, apparently in varying degrees, possibly related to the size of the egg dosage and to differences in susceptibility to Heterakis (Table 1, p. 110). The chicks inthe group which did not contract blackhead were considerably older than those of the other groups.

A Survey of the Intestinal Helminths Parasitic in British Domestic Fowl

1964 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wakelin
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Heterakis Gallinarum

1. Examination of 289 fowl showed that 69·2% were infected with intestinal helminths. The following 6 species were identified: Ascaridia galli (33·6%), Capillaria anatis (10·4%), C. caudinflata (15·9%), C. obsignata (45·3%), Davainea proglottina (0·7%) and Heterakis gallinarum (60·9%).2. No parasites were found in the upper intestines of 151 fowl.3. The results are compared with those of previous surveys and are discussed in relation to the age and management of the birds.

scholarly journals Identification of Worm Eggs in Faeces of Egrets (Egretta sp.) in Surabaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Akbar Haryo Widhi Trismiharto ◽  
Suzanita Utama ◽  
Koesnoto Supranianondo ◽  
Djoko Poetranto ◽  
Setiawan Koesdarto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Faecal Examination ◽  
Textbook Comparison ◽  
Echinostoma Revolutum ◽  
Nematode Eggs

The aim of this research was to identify worm eggs species that infected Egrets in Surabaya. A total of 40 samples were taken and faecal examination was conducted in the Laboratory by means of native, sedimentation, and floating methods, In floating method saturated brown sugar solution was used as floating media because brown sugar solution was faster in floating worm eggs. Then further examination of the worm eggs species were matched by microscopic taxonomy and textbook comparison observation. Eggs of three classes of helmints, Trematode, Cestode, and Nematode were found in faeces of Egrets in Surabaya. Species of the Nematode eggs found were Ascaris sp., Ascaridia galli, , Capillaria sp., Toxocara cati. Species of Cestode class egg found were Raillietina sp, from Trematode class were Echinostoma revolutum.

scholarly journals Fenbendazole resistance in Heterakis gallinarum, the vector of Histomonas meleagridis, the causative agent of Blackhead Disease in poultry.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Collins ◽  
Brian Jordan ◽  
Andrew Bishop ◽  
Ray M Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Heterakis Gallinarum ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Label Dose ◽  
Health Related

Due to their ubiquity, management of parasites is a common and important factor for profitable production of poultry. Heterakis gallinarum, the cecal nematode, is the most common nematode parasite of poultry. While typically causing no pathology on its own, H. gallinarum is the vector of Histomonas meleagridis, a protozoan parasite that causes blackhead disease. Histomonas meleagridis is highly pathogenic in turkeys, potentially causing high mortality. In contrast, disease caused by H. meleagridis is much less severe in chickens, where it primarily reduces productivity without manifestations of clinical disease. There are no approved treatments for H. meleagridis, making control reliant on control of the helminth vector through the use of fenbendazole (FBZ) the only drug labeled for treatment of H. gallinarum in the United States We were contacted by an industry veterinarian regarding health-related concerns in a breeder-broiler house due to histomoniasis, despite frequent anthelmintic treatments. Since we had recently diagnosed resistance to FBZ in Ascaridia dissimilis, a closely related nematode of turkeys, we were interested to determine if H. gallinarum had also evolved resistance to FBZ. Heterakis gallinarum eggs were isolated from litter collected from the house and used to infect 108 chickens. Treatment groups included a non-treated control, a label-dose and a 2X-label dose of FBZ, with 36 birds per group divided into two replicate pens of 18 birds each. Birds were placed at 1-day post hatch, and at 3 weeks of age were infected with 150 embryonated eggs via oral gavage. Two weeks post infection, treated birds were administered a minimum of either a label- or 2X label-dose of FBZ in water for 5 days (SafeGuard® Aquasol, 1mg/kg BW). To ensure that all birds consumed the full intended dose at a minimum, the dosage was calculated using 1.25 times the average body weight. One-week post treatment, birds were euthanized, ceca removed, and parasites enumerated. Efficacy was calculated by comparing the total numbers of worms recovered from each treatment group to the numbers recovered in the non-treated control group. There were no significant differences in worm numbers recovered from any of the three groups (p-value=0.81). There also was no efficacy benefit to treatment with a 2X dose; H. gallinarum worm counts were reduced by 42.7% and 41.4%, for the label and 2X dosages, respectively. These data provide strong evidence that H. gallinarum has developed resistance to FBZ. Consequently, in houses infected with FBZ-resistant H. gallinarum, H. meleagridis will be able to cycle through the birds in an unrestricted manner. Further investigation is needed to determine the prevalence of resistance in H. gallinarum on chicken farms, but it is clear this has the potential to have a large-scale economic impact on the poultry industry. These data when viewed together with our recent findings of FBZ resistance in A. dissimilis, suggest that drug resistance in ascarid nematodes may be an important emerging problem on poultry operations.

scholarly journals The effects of managerial systems on helminth infection in freerange chickens from northern Paraná, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4311
Author(s):  
Fernando Emmanuel Gonçalves Vieira ◽  
Milton Hissashi Yamamura ◽  
Roberta Lemos Freire ◽  
Selwyn Arlington Headley
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Heterakis Gallinarum ◽  
Wide Range

The effects of managerial systems on the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths in Free-Range Chickens (FRCs) from northern Paraná, Brazil were investigated. The most predominant (23.3%; 61/262) cestode observed was Raillietina cesticillus; Heterakis gallinarum (71.4%; 187/262) and Ascaridia galli (45%; 118/262) were the predominant nematodes; Postharmostomum commutatum was the only trematode observed in 2.7% (7/262) of FRCs. The most elevated parasitic burdens were associated with Heterakis gallinarum, Ascaridia galli, and Raillietina cesticillus. Significant (p ? 0.05) associations were observed when the effects of the types of bedding, soil type, and fence restriction of FRCs were considered relative to the possibility of helminthiasis. The type of bedding, the length of the sanitary break, and the presence of shading significantly (p ? 0.05) influenced the possibility of FRCs being infected by H. gallinarum. Most parameters evaluated were significantly associated with infection of FRCs by A. galli. These findings suggest that FRCs from northern Paraná are infected by a wide-range of gastrointestinal helminths, but more frequently by R. cesticillus, H. gallinarum, and A. galli. Moreover, the type of floor bedding, the soil type, and the usage of fences in the management of FRCs is directly related to gastrointestinal helminthiasis.

scholarly journals Spreading of Helminths Detected in Private Poultry Farms by Regions of Azerbaijan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
S. Bairamov
Keyword(s):  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Heterakis Gallinarum ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
High Level ◽  
Syngamus Trachea

Of the helminths detected during these studies, the intensity of the invasions with Ascaridia galli in the Aran region, Heterakis gallinarum — on the Absheron, Syngamus trachea, Capillaria obsignata — in Lankaran-Astara, Raillietina tetragona — in Kuba-Khachmaz, and on the basis of studies carried out during autopsy of carcasses the intensity of invasions with heterakises, railietins in the Aran region, Ascaridia in Kuba-Khachmaz, and with singamuses and capillaries in Lankaran-Astara was high. Along with the fact that in the summer period there was observed high extensiveness and intensity of invasions among the studies carried out by seasons of the year, the prevalence of Ascaridia, heterakises, singamuses in Sheki-Zagatala region, railietins in Kuba-Khachmaz, and capillaries in Lankaran–Astara in comparison with other regions was high. The intensity of the invasions with Ascaridia in Kuba-Khachmaz, heterakises, singamuses, railietins, and capillaries in Aran came up to a high level.

scholarly journals ПОШИРЕННЯ ШЛУНКОВО-КИШКОВИХ ПАРАЗИТОЗІВ У КУРЕЙ

2021 ◽  
pp. 236-241
Author(s):  
О. В. Кручиненко
Keyword(s):  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Heterakis Gallinarum ◽  
Eimeria Spp

На території України одними з найпоширеніших шлунково-кишкових інвазій у курей вважаються представники найпростіших організмів Eimeria spp. (Schneider, 1875) та нематоди Ascaridia galli (Schrank, 1788), Heterakis gallinarum (Schrank, 1788), Trichostrongуlus tenuis (Mehlis, 1846), а також гельмінти роду Capillaria (Zeder, 1800). Збудники названих паразитарних захворювань локалізуються у шлунково-кишковому каналі та завдають шкоди організму господаря. Зазначені види паразитів перешкоджають розвитку птахівництва в Україні, оскільки завдають значних економічних збитків птахівничим господарствам незалежно від форми власності. Наслідком захворювання птиці є відс-тавання в рості і розвитку, зниження її продуктивності, зростання витрат на корми на одиницю продукції, а подекуди реєструють і летальні випадки. Гельмінтози та еймеріози домінують серед ендопаразитозів сільськогосподарської птиці і спричиняють тяжкі захворювання, особливо у молод-няку. Отож, метою проведеного дослідження було встановити поширення шлунково-кишкових паразитів у курей на території Полтавського району Полтавської області, Богодухівського району Харківської області та Охтирського району Сумської області. У роботі наведено результати паразитологічного обстеження поголів’я курей щодо шлунково-кишкових паразитозів. Проби посліду (не менше 25 з кожної групи) відбирали із пташників, де утримувалася птиця різних вікових груп. Лабораторні дослідження проведені в науковій лабораторії кафедри паразитології Полтавського державного аграрного університету. Діагностику проводили модифікованим методом МакМастера (McM) з чутливістю 50 яєць у грамі посліду. Для цього ми брали 2 г посліду і 28 мл насиченого розчину кухонної солі, питома вага якого становила 1,20. За результатами проведених досліджень з’ясовано значне поширення паразитарних захворювань курей, збудниками яких виявилися Eimeria spp. (Schneider, 1875) і шлунково-кишкові нематоди: Ascaridia galli (Schrank, 1788), Heterakis gallinarum (Schrank, 1788), Trichostrongуlus tenuis (Mehlis, 1846) та гельмінтів роду Capillaria (Zeder, 1800). Встановлено, що асоціативні інвазії у птиці переважають над моноінвазіями. Зареєстровано, що найвищі показники ЕІ у курей спостерігаються у разі паразитування аскаридій (38,6 %) та гетеракисів (29,6 %), водночас найнижчі – у разі паразитування еймерій (13,6 %) та трихострон-гілюсів (14,3 %). Отримані дані мають як наукову, так і практичну цінність, оскільки доповнюють уже наявні дані щодо видового різноманіття збудників паразитарних захворювань курей та особливостей їхнього поширення на території різних регіонів нашої держави.

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