Association of dietary inflammatory potential with cardiometabolic risk factors and diseases: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of observational studies

Abstract Context The association of dietary inflammatory index (DII®), as an index of inflammatory quality of diet, with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) and risk factors (CMRFs) has been inconsistent in previous studies. Objective The current systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association of the DII score with CMDs and CMRFs. Data Sources All published observational studies (cohort, case–control and cross-sectional) using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were retrieved from inception through November 2019. Data extraction Two reviewers independently extracted the data from included studies. Data analysis Pooled hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) were calculated by using a random-effects model. Results Ten prospective cohort studies (total n = 291,968) with 31,069 CMDs-specific mortality, six prospective cohort studies (total n = 43,340) with 1311 CMDs-specific morbidity, two case–control studies with 2140 cases and 6246 controls and one cross-sectional study (total n = 15,613) with 1734 CMDs-specific morbidity were identified for CMDs. Meta-analyses of published observational studies demonstrated that the highest DII score category versus the lowest DII score category was associated with 29% increased risk of CMDs mortality (HR = 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18, 1.41). Moreover, there was a significant association between the DII score and risk of CMDs in cohort studies (HR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.13, 1.61) and non-cohort study (HR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.18, 1.57). We found a significant association between the DII score and metabolic syndrome (MetS) (OR: 1.13; 95% CI 1.03, 1.25), hyperglycemia and hypertension. None-linear dose response meta-analysis showed that there was a significant association between the DII score and risk of CMDs mortality (Pnonlinearity < 0.001). Moreover, evidence of none-linear association between the DII score and risk of CMDs was not observed (p-value = 0.1). Conclusions Adherence to pro-inflammatory diet was associated with increased risk of CMDs, mortality and MetS.

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Egg Consumption and Risk of Upper Aero-Digestive Tract Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/advances/nmz010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 660-672 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Azadeh Aminianfar ◽

Roohallah Fallah-Moshkani ◽

Asma Salari-Moghaddam ◽

Parvane Saneei ◽

Bagher Larijani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Esophageal Cancer ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Egg Consumption ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Increased Risk

ABSTRACT Limited data are available that summarize the relation between egg intake and the risk of upper aero-digestive tract (UADT) cancers. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between egg intake and the risk of UADT cancers. Medline/PubMed, ISI web of knowledge, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using relevant keywords. Observational studies conducted on humans investigating the association between egg consumption and the risk of UADT cancers were included. Overall, 38 studies with a total of 164,241 subjects (27, 025 cases) were included. Based on 40 effect sizes from 32 case-control studies, we found a 42% increased risk of UADT cancers among those with the highest egg consumption (ranging from ≥1 meal/d to ≥1 time/mo among studies) compared to those with the lowest intake (ranging from 0–20 g/d to never consumed among studies) (overall OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.68; P < 0.001). However, this association was only evident in hospital-based case-control (HCC) studies (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.34, 1.68; P < 0.001 for ‘oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer’ and OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.50; P = 0.004 for esophageal cancer) and not in population-based case-control (PCC) studies (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.59, 2.67; P = 0.56 for ‘oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer’ and OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.81; P = 0.13 for esophageal cancer). In addition, the association was not significant in prospective cohort studies (overall OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.04; P = 0.11). Considering individual cancers, a positive association was observed between the highest egg consumption, compared with the lowest, and risk of oropharyngeal (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.61, 2.20; P < 0.001), laryngeal (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.45, 2.32; P < 0.001), oral & pharyngeal & laryngeal (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.67; P < 0.001), and esophageal cancers (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.10,1.48; P = 0.001). We also found an inverse association between egg intake and the risk of oral cancer (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.99; P = 0.04). In conclusion, high egg consumption (ranging from ≥1 meal/d to ≥1 time/mo among studies) was associated with increased risk of UADT cancers only in HCC studies but not in PCC or prospective cohort studies. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018102619.

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Caffeine, Coffee, Tea and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Systematic Review and Dose- Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

10.21203/rs.3.rs-923469/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Farzaneh Asoudeh ◽

Fatemeh Dashti ◽

Ahmad Jayedi ◽

Amirhossein Hemmati ◽

Abdulmannan Fadel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Studies ◽

Dose Response ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Caffeine Intake ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Different Types ◽

Decaffeinated Coffee ◽

Caffeinated Coffee

Abstract Objective: Prospective cohort studies on coffee, tea and caffeine in relation to the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have shown conflicting results. The aim of this study was to conduct a dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies on the association between dietary caffeine, different types of coffee and tea consumption and the risk of RA.Methods: PubMed/Medline, Scopus and EMBASE were searched up to July 2021 to identify relevant studies that had considered different types of coffee (caffeinated or decaffeinated), tea or caffeine exposure with RA as the main, or one of the, outcome(s). Two authors independently screened 742 publications. Finally, 5 prospective cohort studies were included in our meta-analysis. Pooled relative risks (RRs) were calculated by using a fixed-effects model. We also performed linear and non-linear dose-response analyses to examine the dose-response relations. Results: Comparing extreme categories, we found a positive, significant association between coffee (RR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.04-1.62; I2 = 0%, n = 5) and decaffeinated coffee (RR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.35-2.65; I2 =38.1%, n =3) consumption and risk of RA. One additional cup of coffee consumed per day was associated with an increased risk of RA by 6% (95% CI: 1.02-1.10; I2 = 0%;). This increase in the risk of RA for one cup/d of decaffeinated coffee was 11% 95% CI: 1.05-1.18; I2 = 38). No significant association was observed between caffeinated coffee, tea or caffeine intake and the risk of RA.Conclusion: We found that a higher intake of coffee and decaffeinated coffee was associated with increased risk of RA. No significant association between caffeinated coffee, tea or caffeine intake and the risk of RA was observed.

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Associations of Whole Grain and Refined Grain Consumption With Metabolic Syndrome. A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.695620 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Hongbin Guo ◽

Jun Ding ◽

Jieyu Liang ◽

Yi Zhang

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Embase Database

Background: The associations of whole grain and refined grain consumption with metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been evaluated in several epidemiological studies with conflicting results. This meta-analysis was therefore employed to further investigate the above associations.Method: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science and Embase database until March 2021 (without restriction for inclusion time), for observational studies on the associations of whole grain and refined grain consumption with MetS. The pooled relative risk (RR) of MetS for the highest vs. lowest category of whole grain and refined grain consumption, as well as their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.Results: A total of 14 observational studies, which involved seven cross-sectional and seven prospective cohort studies, were identified. Specifically, nine studies were related to whole grain consumption, and the overall multi-variable adjusted RR demonstrated that the whole grain consumption was inversely associated with MetS (RR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.67–0.97; P = 0.021). With regard to refined grain consumption, 13 studies were included. The overall multi-variable adjusted RR indicated that refined grain consumption was positively associated with MetS (RR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.02–1.84; P = 0.036).Conclusions: The existing evidence suggests that whole grain consumption is negatively associated with MetS, whereas refined grain consumption is positively associated with MetS. Our result might be helpful to better consider the diet effect on MetS. However, more well-designed prospective cohort studies are needed to elaborate the concerned issues further.

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Pickled Vegetable and Salted Fish Intake and the Risk of Gastric Cancer: Two Prospective Cohort Studies and a Meta-Analysis

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12040996 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 996

Author(s):

Jin Young Yoo ◽

Hyun Jeong Cho ◽

Sungji Moon ◽

Jeoungbin Choi ◽

Sangjun Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Dose Response ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Fish Intake ◽

Salted Fish ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Increased Risk

An increased risk of gastric cancer for pickled vegetable and salted fish intake has been suggested, yet the lack of a dose-response association warrants a quantitative analysis. We conducted a meta-analysis, combining results from our analysis of two large Korean cohort studies and those from previous prospective cohort studies. We investigated the association of pickled vegetable and salted fish intake with gastric cancer in the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study and the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort Study using Cox proportional hazard models. We then searched for observational studies published until November 2019 and conducted both dose-response and categorical meta-analyses. The pooled relative risk (RR) of gastric cancer incidence was 1.15 (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.07–1.23) for 40 g/day increment in pickled vegetable intake in a dose-response manner (P for nonlinearity = 0.11). As for salted fish intake, the pooled risk of gastric cancer incidence was 1.17 (95% CI, 0.99–1.38) times higher, comparing the highest to the lowest intake. Our findings supported the evidence that high intake of pickled vegetable and salted fish is associated with elevated risk of gastric cancer incidence.

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Homocysteine and Folic Acid: Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease—An Updated Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnagi.2021.665114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Qianwen Wang ◽

Jingjing Zhao ◽

Hongtao Chang ◽

Xu Liu ◽

Ruixia Zhu

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Folic Acid ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Recent studies have reported that homocysteine (Hcy) may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our study explored the relationship between the plasma Hcy and folate levels and the risk of dementia.Methods: We searched Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science for published literature, including case-control studies and prospective cohort studies, and performed a systematic analysis.Results: The results of our meta-analysis, consisting of case-control studies, showed higher levels of Hcy and lower levels of folate in dementia, AD, and VaD patients than those in non-demented controls (for dementia: SMD = 0.812, 95% CI [0.689, 0.936], p = 0.000 for Hcy; SMD = −0.677, 95% CI [−0.828, −0.525], p = 0.000 for folate). AD patients showed significantly lower plasma Hcy levels compared to VaD patients (SMD = −0.278, 95% CI [−0.466, −0.09], p = 0.000). Subgroup analysis revealed that ethnicity, average age, and dementia type had no significant effect on this association. Furthermore, from the analysis of prospective cohort studies, we identified that elevated plasma Hcy levels were associated with an increased risk of dementia, AD, and VaD (RRdementia = 1.22, 95% CI [1.08, 1.36]; RRAD = 1.07, 95% CI [1.04, 1.11]; RRVaD = 1.13, 95% CI [1.04, 1.23]). In addition, every 5 μmol/L increase in the plasma Hcy level was associated with a 9% increased risk of dementia and a 12% increased risk of AD.Conclusion: Hcy and folic acid are potential predictors of the occurrence and development of AD. A better understanding of their function in dementia could provide evidence for clinicians to rationalize clinical intervention strategies.

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Associations of vegetable and fruit consumption with metabolic syndrome. A meta-analysis of observational studies

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980018000381 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 1693-1703 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Yi Zhang ◽

Dian-zhong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Fruit Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the associations of vegetable and/or fruit consumption with metabolic syndrome (MetS).DesignMeta-analysis of observational studies.SettingThe electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched up to September 2017 for observational studies concerning the associations of vegetable and/or fruit consumption with MetS. The pooled relative risk (RR) of MetS for the highest v. the lowest category of vegetable and/or fruit consumption, as well as their corresponding 95 % CI, were calculated.ResultsA total of twenty-six observational studies (twenty cross-sectional, one case–control and five cohort studies) were included in the meta-analysis. Specifically, sixteen studies were related to vegetable consumption and the overall multivariable-adjusted RR evidenced a negative association between vegetable consumption and MetS (RR=0·89, 95 % CI 0·85, 0·93; P<0·001). For fruit consumption, sixteen studies were included and the overall multivariable-adjusted RR demonstrated that fruit consumption was inversely associated with MetS (RR=0·81, 95 % CI 0·75, 0·88; P<0·001). For vegetable and fruit consumption, eight studies were included; the overall multivariable-adjusted RR showed that vegetable and fruit consumption was also negatively associated with MetS (RR=0·75, 95 % CI 0·63, 0·90; P=0·002).ConclusionsThe existing evidence suggests that vegetable and/or fruit consumption is negatively associated with MetS. More well-designed prospective cohort studies are needed to elaborate the concerned issues further.

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The Dose-Response Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Asian Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2020/1032049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Manman Han

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Dose Response ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Asian Men

The objective of this review was to provide a summary of the literature on the dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Asian populations, particularly men. The present study was recorded in PROSPERO as CRD 42019121073. We searched the PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for studies published in any language since the database inception to January 2019. Prospective cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for random-effects models and dose-response meta-analyses. In total, 8 prospective cohort studies were included. High alcohol intake was significantly associated with increased risk of T2D (RR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.04–1.29; Q statistic p=0.326) compared to the lowest category of alcohol intake. Nonlinear association was observed between alcohol consumption and T2D risk in men (p=0.003). Dose-wise, consuming ≤57 g/day of alcohol was not associated with the risk of T2D in this study; however, alcohol intake >57 g/day was associated with increased risk of T2D in men. Overall, the association between alcohol consumption and T2D among Asian men was J-shaped. Lifestyle recommendations for prevention of T2D should include advice on limiting alcohol intake. This trial is registered with Prospero registration: CRD 42019121073.

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Consumption of Artificially-sweetened Soft Drinks and Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898002100104x ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-50

Author(s):

Alfred Jatho ◽

Jansen Marcos Cambia ◽

Seung-Kwon Myung ◽

Keyword(s):

Cohort Studies ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Case Control ◽

Soft Drinks ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Gi Cancer ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Objective: There remain inconclusive findings from previous observational epidemiological studies on whether consumption of artificially-sweetened soft drinks (ASSDs) increases the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. We investigated the associations between the consumption of ASSDs and the risk of GI cancer using a meta-analysis. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Setting: PubMed and EMBASE were searched using keywords until May 2020 to identify observational epidemiological studies on the association between the consumption of ASSDs and the risk of GI cancer. Subjects: Twenty-one case-control studies and 17 cohort studies with 12,397 cancer cases and 2,474,452 controls. Results: In the random-effects meta-analysis of all the studies, consumption of ASSDs was not significantly associated with the risk of overall GI cancer (odds ratio (OR)/relative risk (RR), 1.02; 95% CI, 0.92-1.14). There was no significant association between the consumption of ASSDs and the risk of overall GI cancer in the subgroup meta-analyses by study design (case-control studies: OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.82-1.11; cohort studies: RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.97-1.33). In the subgroup meta-analysis by type of cancer, consumption of ASSDs was significantly associated with the increased risk of liver cancer (OR/RR, 1.28; 95% CI,1.03-1.58). Conclusions: The current meta-analysis of observational epidemiological studies suggests that overall, there is no significant association between the consumption of ASSDs and the risk of GI cancer.

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Breakfast Skipping Is Associated with Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxy194 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 149 (1) ◽

pp. 106-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Aurélie Ballon ◽

Manuela Neuenschwander ◽

Sabrina Schlesinger

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Dose Response ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Breakfast Skipping ◽

Increased Risk

ABSTRACT Background Epidemiologic studies have indicated that breakfast skipping is associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the shape of the dose-response relation and the influence of adiposity on this association have not been reported. Objective We investigated the association between breakfast skipping and risk of type 2 diabetes by considering the influence of the body mass index (BMI). Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed and Web of Science were searched up to August 2017. Prospective cohort studies on breakfast skipping and risk of type 2 diabetes in adults were included. Summary RRs and 95% CIs, without and with adjustment for BMI, were estimated with the use of a random-effects model in pairwise and dose-response meta-analyses. Results In total 6 studies, based on 96,175 participants and 4935 cases, were included. The summary RR for type 2 diabetes comparing ever with never skipping breakfast was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.22, 1.46, n = 6 studies) without adjustment for BMI, and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.34, n = 4 studies) after adjustment for BMI. Nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis indicated that risk of type 2 diabetes increased with every additional day of breakfast skipping, but the curve reached a plateau at 4–5 d/wk, showing an increased risk of 55% (summary RR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.41, 1.71). No further increase in risk of type 2 diabetes was observed after 5 d of breakfast skipping/wk (P for nonlinearity = 0.08). Conclusions This meta-analysis provides evidence that breakfast skipping is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, and the association is partly mediated by BMI.

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