Superior training efficacy of beginning movement load training for the baseball throwers

Abstract Background Superior shoulder motion with rotator cuff activation are essential for the performance of the throwing athletes. The present study compared the novel beginning movement load training (BMLT) and popular throwers ten program regarding the training efficacy of baseball throwers. We hypothesized that the BMLT contributed the superior training efficacy than popular throwers ten program. Methods Forty adult baseball players were randomized into study group and control group equally. In study group, the cyclic shoulder motion was repeatedly operated 3 days in a week and lasted for 6 weeks using three different BMLT training machines. As for control group, three popular cyclic training in the throwers ten program were adopted for the shoulder trainings as the same protocol in study group. The evaluations before and after training included the static range of motion (ROM), the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVICs) of the target muscle (pectoralis major, middle deltoid and supraspinatus) and throwing velocity. Result After 6-week course, study group had significant wider static ROM in saggital adduction (p = 0.002), coronal internal rotation (p = 0.018) and external rotation (p = 0.044) than in control group. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) ratio of middle deltoid/supraspinatus was significant lower in study group (Study:Control = 1.14 ± 0.76:3.56 ± 5.57, p = 0.049) which indicated the enhanced supraspinatus maximal contraction in the study group after training. In addition, the study group had significant improvement in throwing speed (117 ± 10 vs. 109 ± 10 km/h, p = 0.040). Conclusion The BMLT contributed the superiority in range of motion, recruitment of supraspinatus and throwing velocity than the popular thrower’s ten program. It could be a favourable training for the overhead activity.

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Superior Training Efficacy of Beginning Movement Load Training for the Baseball Throwers

10.21203/rs.3.rs-558327/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wen-Yi Chou ◽

Jih-Yang Ko ◽

Shu-Fang Chen ◽

Chia-Feng Wu ◽

Kuan-Ting Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Isometric Contraction ◽

External Rotation ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽

Baseball Players ◽

Before And After ◽

Shoulder Motion ◽

And Control

Abstract Background : Superior shoulder motion with rotator cuff activation are essential for the performance of the throwing athletes. The present study compared the novel beginning movement load training (BMLT) and popular throwers ten program regarding the training efficacy of baseball throwers. We hypothesized that the BMLT contributed the superior training efficacy than popular throwers ten program. Methods : Forty adult baseball players were randomized into study group and control group equally. In study group, the cyclic shoulder motion was repeatedly operated 3 days in a week and lasted for 6 weeks using three different BMLT training machines. As for control group, three popular cyclic training in the throwers ten program were adopted for the shoulder trainings as the same protocol in study group. The evaluations before and after training included the static range of motion (ROM), the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVICs) of the target muscle (pectoralis major, middle deltoid and supraspinatus) and throwing velocity. Result : After 6-week course, study group had significant wider static ROM in saggital adduction (p=0.034), coronal internal rotation (p=0.038) and external rotation (p=0.04) than in control group. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) ratio of middle deltoid/supraspinatus was significant lower in study group (Study : Control = 1.14±0.76 : 3.56 ±5.57, p = 0.044) which indicated the enhanced supraspinatus maximal contraction in the study group after training. In addition, the study group had significant improvement in throwing speed (117±10 vs 109±10 Km/hr, p=0.031). Conclusion : The BMLT contributed the superiority in range of motion, recruitment of supraspinatus and throwing velocity than the popular thrower`s ten program. It could be a favourable training for the overhead activity.

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The Effect of Pilates Training on the Balance of Elderly

Reabilitacijos mokslai slauga kineziterapija ergoterapija ◽

10.33607/rmske.v1i16.745 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (16) ◽

Author(s):

Kristina Zaičenkovienė ◽

Renata Rakovaitė

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Balance ◽

Step Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Static Balance ◽

Study Group ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Physically Active ◽

Before And After ◽

Four Square ◽

And Control

Research background. Falling is one of the most important problems in the elderly’s mobility disorder, which is most often affected by the loss of balance. It is known that Pilates exercises could help to increase the deep muscle strength, improve posture and proprioception, which affects the improvement of the balance. Objective – to evaluate the effects of Pilates exercises on the elderly’s static and dynamic balance. Methodology. The study population consisted of 20 volunteers, men and women, who were divided into Pilates exercises (n = 10, age 65.1 ± 2.6) and control (n = 10, age 68.6 ± 4.9) groups. The study group participated in Pilates classes 2 times per week for six weeks (session duration 60 minutes). The control group did not participate in any physical activity, but they were physically active as usually in their daily life. The main outcome measures were assessed before and after the intervention. The static balance was assessed by measuring posturographic parameters using the force platform, dynamic balance was measured with the Timed up and Go Test (TUG) and the Four Square Step Test (FSST). Results. The results showed signifcant improvement in static balance of the experimental group after the Pilates exercises during standing tests when the feet were apart, eyes opened and closed and when the feet together with eyes opened, and when the foot was in front of the other foot. The results of the control group did not differ during both tests. The results of both groups did not differ in the static balance tests before and after the study, but after the Pilates exercises, the results of the Pilates group signifcantly differed from the control group test results when the feet were in shoulder line with open eyes. The results of the dynamic balance after Pilates exercises signifcantly improved in both tests in the study group. Before the study, there were not statistically signifcant differences in the dynamic balance results between the groups. Conclusions. Six-week Pilates exercises had a positive effect on the elderly’s static and dynamic balance.Keywords: Pilates training, static balance, dynamic balance.

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Level Achieved in the Development of Skills for the Sexual and Reproductive Life of University Students After the Application of a Sexual Education Strategy

ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M. ◽

10.18502/espoch.v1i6.9657 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rosa Del Carmen Saeteros Hernández ◽

Eida Ortiz Zayas ◽

Angélica María Saeteros Hernández

Keyword(s):

Sex Education ◽

Life Skills ◽

Sexuality Education ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Significance Level ◽

Education Strategy ◽

Before And After ◽

Reproductive Life ◽

And Control

Introduction: Sexuality education must develop life skills. Methodology: The level of life skills was evaluated using a quasi- experimental design from before after with a control group, random samples of 40 students were selected in the study and control group, respectively. The sex education strategy was implemented in the study group and a pre and post test was applied; before and after the strategy. Statistical techniques were used for dependent and independent samples, with a significance level of p = 0,05. Results: The comparisons of the study and control groups before, the control group before and after, and the measurement after the implementation of the strategy of the satisfied needs of life skills in the study group, were within expectations, the most of the variables studied regarding the need to develop life skills are homogeneous in the study and control group before implementing the strategy; and no significant differences were found in the comparison of the control group before and after. Subsequent measurement regarding needs met or level achieved in the development of skills for sexual and reproductive life in the study group was high, even for some of them, 100% of students appreciated that they had achieved it. Conclusion: The sex education strategy was effective in developing skills for sexual and reproductive life due to the high level achieved by the students who participated in the strategy. Keywords: education, sex, life skills, sexual and reproductive health. RESUMEN Introducción: La educación sexual debe desarrollar habilidades para la vida. Metodología: Se evaluó el nivel de habilidades para la vida mediante un diseño cuasi experimental de antes después con grupo control, se seleccionaron muestras aleatorias de 40 estudiantes en el grupo de estudio y control respectivamente, se implementó la estrategia de educación sexual en el grupo de estudio y se aplicó una pre y post prueba; antes y después de la estrategia. Se utilizaron técnicas estadísticas para muestras dependientes e independientes, con un nivel de significación p = 0,05. Resultados: Las comparaciones de los grupos de estudio y control antes, grupo control antes y después y la medición posterior a la implementación de la estrategia de las necesidades satisfechas de habilidades para la vida en el grupo de estudio, estuvieron dentro de lo esperado, la mayoría de variables estudiadas respecto a la necesidad de desarrollar habilidades para la vida son homogéneas en el grupo de estudio y control antes de implementar la estrategia; y no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la comparación del grupo control antes y después. La medición posterior respecto a necesidades satisfechas o nivel conseguido en el desarrollo de habilidades para la vida sexual y reproductiva en el grupo de estudio fue elevado, incluso para algunas de ellas, el 100% de estudiantes apreció que lo había logrado. Conclusiones: La estrategia de educación sexual fue efectiva para desarrollar habilidades para la vida sexual y reproductiva debido al nivel elevado conseguido por los estudiantes que participaron en la estrategia. Palabras clave: educación sexual, habilidades para la vida, salud sexual, reproductiva.

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The Effectiveness of 0.6% Povidone Iodine Eye Drops in Reducing the Conjunctival Bacterial Load and Needle Contamination in Patients Undergoing Anti-VEGF Intravitreal Injection: A Prospective, Randomized Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8071031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 1031 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Michele Reibaldi ◽

Teresio Avitabile ◽

Francesco Bandello ◽

Antonio Longo ◽

Vincenza Bonfiglio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prophylactic Treatment ◽

Povidone Iodine ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Injection Needle ◽

Before And After ◽

And Control

The study purpose was to assess the efficacy of a preservative-free 0.6% povidone iodine eye drops as perioperative prophylactic treatment for reducing conjunctival bacterial load and the rate of needle contamination in patients undergoing intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection. Enrolled patients were randomized to either the study group (0.6% povidone iodine, three day-prophylactic treatment before the injection) or to the control group (placebo, three day-prophylactic treatment). Conjunctival swabs were obtained before and after the prophylactic treatment in both groups. Intravitreal injections were performed in a sterile fashion. The injection needle and a control needle were collected for microbiological culture. Data from 254 and 253 eyes in the study group and control group, respectively, were analyzed. Bacterial growth from conjunctival swab cultures was significantly lower after 0.6% povidone iodine prophylaxis compared to baseline and to placebo prophylaxis (p < 0.001), showing an 82% eradication rate in the study group. No injection needle showed bacterial contamination in the study group, whereas six needles were culture-positive in the control group (p = 0.015). No serious ocular and non-ocular adverse events were recorded. The 0.6% povidone iodine solution proved an effective treatment in reducing conjunctival bacterial load and risk of needle contamination.

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Supervised physical therapy in women treated with radiotherapy for breast cancer

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1518-8345.0702.2755 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Nara Fernanda Braz da Silva Leal ◽

Harley Francisco de Oliveira ◽

Hélio Humberto Angotti Carrara

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Physical Therapy ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

External Rotation ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Upper Limbs ◽

Registration Number

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effect of physical therapy on the range of motion of the shoulders and perimetry of the upper limbs in women treated with radiotherapy for breast cancer. Methods: a total of 35 participants were randomized into two groups, with 18 in the control group (CG) and 17 in the study group (SG). Both of the groups underwent three evaluations to assess the range of motion of the shoulders and perimetry of the upper limbs, and the study group underwent supervised physical therapy for the upper limbs. Results: the CG had deficits in external rotation in evaluations 1, 2, and 3, whereas the SG had deficits in flexion, abduction, and external rotation in evaluation 1. The deficit in abduction was recovered in evaluation 2, whereas the deficits in all movements were recovered in evaluation 3. No significant differences in perimetry were observed between the groups. Conclusion: the applied supervised physical therapy was effective in recovering the deficit in abduction after radiotherapy, and the deficits in flexion and external rotation were recovered within two months after the end of radiotherapy. Registration number of the clinical trial: NCT02198118.

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Study on the Regulation of Qinxitong Combined with Methotrexate Tablets on Multiple Inflammatory Indicators and Mechanism Factors in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research ◽

10.26689/jcnr.v5i6.2724 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 113-117

Author(s):

Zhaoyang Dong ◽

Jichao Yin

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Observation Group ◽

Regulatory Effect ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Normal People ◽

Before And After ◽

And Control ◽

Better Than

Objective: To study the changes of several inflammatory index mechanism factors in the clinical efficacy of tablet and methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were randomly divided into observation (n =10) and control (n =10), then normal people as normal (n=10), all three groups were given methotrexate and the observation group were treated with Qin interest pain tablets. Expression of inflammatory index mechanism factors in each group. Results: After treatment, inflammatory index mechanism factors were detected; a significant decrease of IFN-g, IL-1b, IL-10, IL-37, TNF-a and other factors was found before and after combination treatment (P <0); IL-8 and IL-13 expression (P <0); the CRP, ESR score of the study group was lower than the control group (P <0.05); and the inflammatory index mechanism factors were affected by drug combination. Conclusion: Tablets combined with methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients is better than methotrexate. It obviously changed the expression of the patient’s inflammatory index mechanistic factors, which has a regulatory effect on the inflammatory mechanistic factors.

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Humeral Retrotorsion and Glenohumeral Motion in Youth Baseball Players Compared With Age-Matched Nonthrowing Athletes

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546516676075 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 454-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Elliot M. Greenberg ◽

J. Todd R. Lawrence ◽

Alicia Fernandez-Fernandez ◽

Philip McClure

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

External Rotation ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Sports Participation ◽

Baseball Players ◽

Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽

Youth Baseball ◽

Shoulder Motion ◽

Age Range ◽

Side Asymmetry

Background: Baseball players exhibit a more posteriorly oriented humeral head in their throwing arm. This is termed humeral retrotorsion (HRT) and likely represents a response to the stress of throwing. This adaptation is thought to occur while the athlete is skeletally immature, however currently there is limited research detailing how throwing activity in younger players influences the development of HRT. In addition, it is presently unclear how this changing osseous orientation may influence shoulder motion within young athletes. Purpose: To determine the influence of throwing activity and age on the development of side-to-side asymmetry in HRT and shoulder range of motion (ROM). Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Healthy athletes (age range, 8-14 years) were categorized into 2 groups based upon sports participation; throwers (n = 85) and nonthrowers (n = 68). Bilateral measurements of HRT, shoulder external rotation (ER), internal rotation (IR), and total range of motion (TROM) at 90° were performed using diagnostic ultrasound and a digital inclinometer. Side-to-side asymmetry (dominant minus nondominant side) in HRT and in shoulder ER, IR, and TROM were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed with 2-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: Throwers demonstrated a larger degree of HRT on the dominant side, resulting in greater asymmetry compared with nonthrowers (8.7° vs 4.8°). Throwers demonstrated a gain of ER (5.1°), a loss of IR (6.0°), and no change in TROM when compared with the nondominant shoulder. Pairwise comparisons identified altered HRT and shoulder ROM in all age groups, including the youngest throwers (age range, 8-10.5 years). A positive correlation existed between HRT and ER ROM that was stronger in nonthrowers ( r = 0.63) than in throwers ( r = 0.23), while a negative correlation existed with IR that was stronger in throwers ( r = −0.40) than in nonthrowers ( r = −0.27). Conclusion: Throwing activity causes adaptive changes in HRT and shoulder ROM in youth baseball players at an early age. Other factors in addition to HRT influence shoulder motion within this population.

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The Effect of Eight Weeks of Hand-Selected Strength Training and Cinnamon-Honey Supplementation on Strength and Range of Motion of Wrist Joint in Elderly Women with Osteoarthritis

Journal of Clinical Research in Paramedical Sciences ◽

10.5812/jcrps.102726 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shayesteh Hassani ◽

Sedigheh Hosseinpour Delavare ◽

Hassan Safikhani

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Strength Training ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Wrist Joint ◽

Training Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Hand Osteoarthritis ◽

Before And After ◽

And Control

Background: Osteoarthritis is one of the articular disorders. This disorder causes pain, impaired physical function and thus affecting the quality of life of individuals by limiting individual independence. Objectives: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of hand-selected strength training and cinnamon-honey supplementation on strength and range of motion of wrist joint in elderly women with osteoarthritis. Methods: In this study, 48 women with hand-osteoarthritis were selected and randomly divided into four groups (strength training, cinnamon-honey supplementation, combinatory and control). The training group underwent the hand-selected strength training; the second group used honey and cinnamon powder supplement for 8 weeks and once a day. The third group also received hand-selected training and cinnamon and honey supplements simultaneously. The fourth group also participated in this study as a control group without any training or supplementation. Patients’ wrist strength and range of motion were measured before and after applying the independent variables and were compared. Results: The results showed that by applying the strength training and cinnamon-honey supplementary as well as the combination of training and supplementary have had a positive effect on strength and range of motion of wrist in fact, 8 weeks of resistance training and using cinnamon-honey supplements in women with hand osteoarthritis have led to a increases. Conclusions: Therefore, it is recommended to use resistance training with cinnamon and honey supplements to accelerate the recovery of the disease.

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Shoulder Pain and Rotational Range of Motion of the Trunk, Shoulder, and Hip in Baseball Players

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-203-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (11) ◽

pp. 1149-1155

Author(s):

Yeol-oh Kim ◽

Yoon-ju Jo ◽

Si-hyun Kim ◽

Kyue-nam Park

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Shoulder Pain ◽

External Rotation ◽

Control Group ◽

Hip Joints ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Baseball Players ◽

Dominant Side

Context Deficient glenohumeral rotational range of motion (ROM) is a risk factor for shoulder pain. Adapted ROM of the trunk and hip in response to loss of glenohumeral ROM has been suggested, as the nature of baseball leads to ROM adaptations. Objective To compare the bilateral rotational ROM values of the trunk and glenohumeral and hip joints in adolescent baseball players with or without shoulder pain and to measure the correlation between shoulder-pain intensity and bilateral rotational ROM values for each body area. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Ninety-five adolescent baseball players (60 with shoulder pain, 35 without shoulder pain). Main Outcome Measure(s) Bilateral trunk rotation and internal rotation, external rotation, and total rotation of the dominant and nondominant glenohumeral and hip joints. Results Glenohumeral and hip ROM did not differ between groups, and pain intensity and rotational ROM were not related in either joint. Trunk rotational ROM was greater in the pain group than in the control group (dominant side = 48.8° ± 14.2° versus 41.8° ± 11.9°, respectively; nondominant side = 45.1° ± 14.2° versus 38.9° ± 7.7°, respectively; P values < .05), although the difference was clinically small (mean differences = 7.0° ± 2.7° [95% confidence interval = 1.7, 12.4] on the dominant side, P = .01, and 6.1° ± 2.7° [95% confidence interval = 0.8, 11.5] on the nondominant side, P = .03). Positive but low correlations in all players (ρ = 0.27, P = .01) and in those with shoulder pain (ρ = 0.36, P = .001) were present between shoulder-pain intensity and trunk rotational ROM toward the dominant side. Conclusions We found no clinical relationship between shoulder pain and rotational ROM and no clinical differences in rotational ROM values between players with and those without shoulder pain.

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Dual Effects of Cellular Immunotherapy in Inhibition of Virus Replication and Prolongation of Survival in HCV-Positive Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients

Journal of Immunology Research ◽

10.1155/2016/6837241 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lei Qian ◽

Nanya Wang ◽

Huimin Tian ◽

Haofan Jin ◽

Hengjun Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Viral Load ◽

Conventional Therapy ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

Cellular Immunotherapy ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Before And After ◽

And Control

Immune cells play an important role in the development and progression of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the influence of adoptive cellular immunotherapy (CIT) on viral load and progression-free survival (PFS) for HCC patients infected with HCV. Patients (n=104) were divided into a control group (conventional therapy,n=73) and study group (combination of CIT and conventional therapy,n=31). Autologous mononuclear cells were induced into natural killer,γδT, and cytokine-induced killer cells and infused intravenously to study group patients. More patients had shown viral load decrease or were stable in study group (100% versus 75%) (p=0.014). The median PFS of the study group and control group was 16 and 10 months, respectively (p=0.0041), and only CIT was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (hazard ratio, 0.422;p=0.005). Three patients developed transient moderate fever after infusion, and there were no significant differences in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels before and after treatment in both groups. Our results show that CIT contributes to improvement of prognosis and inhibition of viral replication in HCV-related HCC patients, without impairment of liver function.

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