scholarly journals Community acquired Acinetobacter baumannii in pediatric patients under 1 year old with a clinical diagnosis of whooping cough in Lima, Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Peña-Tuesta ◽  
Cristina del Valle-Vargas ◽  
Veronica Petrozzi-Helasvuo ◽  
Miguel Angel Aguilar-Luis ◽  
Hugo Carrillo-Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab

Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of A. baumannii in children aged less than 1 year admitted with a clinical diagnosis of whooping cough. Results A total of 225 nasopharyngeal samples from children under 1 year old hospitalized with clinical diagnosis of whooping cough were studied from January 2010 to July 2012. The presence of A. baumannii was detected in 20.89% (47/225) of the nasopharyngeal swab samples. Among the 47 patients with A. baumannii: 5 were diagnosed with A. baumannii monoinfection, 17 co-infection with bacteria, 7 co-infection with virus and 18 co-infection with bacteria + virus. It was observed that 51.6% (116/225) were children between 29 days and 3 months old, this same group had the highest overall prevalence with 53.3%. The most common co-infecting pathogens were Bordetella pertussis in 55.3%, Adenovirus in 42.6% and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in 23.4%.

scholarly journals Use of Bispecific Antibodies in Molecular Velcro Assays Whose Specificity Approaches the Theoretical Limit of Immunodetection for Bordetella pertussis

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 752-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. L. Tang ◽  
M. S. Peppler ◽  
R. T. Irvin ◽  
M. R. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Theoretical Limit ◽  
Benzhydroxamic Acid ◽  
New Generation

ABSTRACT A bispecific monoclonal antibody (bsMAb) that detects Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, and horseradish peroxidase (HRPO) has been developed by use of the quadroma technology. A quadroma, P123, was produced by fusing two well-characterized hybridomas against the bacterium and the enzyme and was subcloned to obtain a stable bsMAb-secreting cell line. The quadroma was theoretically expected to produce up to 10 different molecular species of immunoglobulins, so secreted bispecific antibody was complexed with excess HRPO and the HRPO-bsMAb complex was purified in one step by benzhydroxamic acid-agarose affinity cochromatography. An ultrasensitive homosandwich molecular “velcro” enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of B. pertussis whole bacteria with HRPO-bsMAb was established in both microplate and nasopharyngeal swab formats. This assay demonstrates a high sensitivity that approaches the theoretical limit of detection of one bacterium. This new nanoprobe can be used to develop a new generation of assays that are simple, inexpensive alternatives to quantitative PCR and that can be used by clinical laboratories. This strategy of homosandwich assays with solid-phase monospecific antibodies and solution-phase bsMAb with specificity for the same repeating surface determinants can be applied to generate ultrasensitive immunodiagnostic assays for viruses and bacteria.

scholarly journals Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine combined with Bordetella parapertussis vaccine

1962 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Köhler-Kubelka
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Bordetella Parapertussis ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Combined Vaccine

Investigations carried out to ascertain the ability of various strains of Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis to produce agglutinins have shown that the agglutinin response is considerably greater with B. parapertussis.Children inoculated with a combined vaccine in which the parapertussis element contained B. parapertussis in only one-twelfth of the concentration of B. pertussis in the pertussis element showed agglutinins in their sera in titres well above 1:300 for both organisms. There were no cross-reactions and the serological responses were specific throughout. The vaccine used was the standard diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) prophylactic to which had been added a vaccine prepared from recently isolated strains of B. parapertussis.Agglutinin titres of both whooping cough components with the combined vaccine were somewhat lower in mice than was the case when monovalent vaccines were used, but they were considered to be satisfactory.It is suggested that the agglutination production test in mice could be used for the assessment of protective power of B. parapertussis vaccines against infection.I wish to thank Dr Ikić, director of the Institute of Immunology, Zagreb, who enabled me to perform all these examinations, further to Dr B. Mravunac and Dr Z. Radanov for having carried out vaccination in children and for the clinical examination of post vaccination reactions.

scholarly journals Bordetella pertussis Lipid A Glucosamine Modification Confers Resistance to Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides and Increases Resistance to Outer Membrane Perturbation

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 4931-4934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nita R. Shah ◽  
Robert E. W. Hancock ◽  
Rachel C. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Membrane Perturbation

ABSTRACTBordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, has many strategies for evading the human immune system. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important Gram-negative bacterial surface structure that activates the immune system via Toll-like receptor 4 and enables susceptibility to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). We show modification of the lipid A region of LPS with glucosamine increased resistance to numerous CAMPs, including LL-37. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this glucosamine modification increased resistance to outer membrane perturbation.

scholarly journals Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis of Dutch Bordetella pertussis Strains Reveals Rapid Genetic Changes with Clonal Expansion during the Late 1990s

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (16) ◽  
pp. 5496-5505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo M. Schouls ◽  
Han G. J. van der Heide ◽  
Luc Vauterin ◽  
Paul Vauterin ◽  
Frits R. Mooi
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Repeat Analysis

ABSTRACT Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, has remained endemic in The Netherlands despite extensive nationwide vaccination since 1953. In the 1990s, several epidemic periods have resulted in many cases of pertussis. We have proposed that strain variation has played a major role in the upsurges of this disease in The Netherlands. Therefore, molecular characterization of strains is important in identifying the causes of pertussis epidemiology. For this reason, we have developed a multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) typing system for B. pertussis. By combining the MLVA profile with the allelic profile based on multiple-antigen sequence typing, we were able to further differentiate strains. The relationships between the various genotypes were visualized by constructing a minimum spanning tree. MLVA of Dutch strains of B. pertussis revealed that the genotypes of the strains isolated in the prevaccination period were diverse and clearly distinct from the strains isolated in the 1990s. Furthermore, there was a decrease in diversity in the strains from the late 1990s, with a remarkable clonal expansion that coincided with the epidemic periods. Using this genotyping, we have been able to show that B. pertussis is much more dynamic than expected.

PNEUMATOSIS INTESTINALIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-549
Author(s):  
ELLEN P. MACKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pneumatosis Intestinalis ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Infantile Diarrhea ◽  
Age Range

Thirteen cases of pneumatosis intestinalis are reported, 12 of them in infants between 12 days and 12 months of age, one in a boy of 6 years. Review of these cases and of 32 reported cases falling within the pediatric age range discloses that the disease occurs most frequently in patients whose general condition is poor, that it is very often associated with congenital or acquired disease of the intestine, and that respiratory disease, usually infectious, frequently co-exists. The presence of pneumatosis in pediatric patients has so far been discovered only at autopsy, but clinical diagnosis, with the aid of the typical roentgenologic findings, is feasible and may be accomplished when the disease is more widely known. The clinical picture and roentgenographic findings in adults are reviewed. The most acceptable theories concerning the pathogenesis are discussed, with their possible relation to infantile diarrhea.

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) contributes to Bordetella pertussis inflammatory pathology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danisha Gallop ◽  
Karen Scanlon ◽  
Jeremy Ardanuy ◽  
Alexander B. Sigalov ◽  
Nicholas H. Carbonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Cell Surface Receptor ◽  
Bacterial Burden ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Bacterial Control

Whooping cough (pertussis) is a severe pulmonary infectious disease caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis . Pertussis infects an estimated 24 million people annually, resulting in >150,000 deaths. The NIH placed pertussis on the list of emerging pathogens in 2015. Antibiotics are ineffective unless administered before the onset of the disease characteristic cough. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel pertussis therapeutics. We have shown that sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) agonists reduce pertussis inflammation, without increasing bacterial burden. Transcriptomic studies were performed to identify this mechanism and allow for the development of pertussis therapeutics which specifically target problematic inflammation without sacrificing bacterial control. These data suggested a role for triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1). TREM-1 cell surface receptor functions as an amplifier of inflammatory responses. Expression of TREM-1 is increased in response to bacterial infection of mucosal surfaces. In mice, B. pertussis infection results in TLR9-dependent increased expression of TREM-1 and its associated cytokines. Interestingly, S1PR agonists dampen pulmonary inflammation and TREM-1 expression. Mice challenged intranasally with B. pertussis and treated with ligand-dependent (LP17) and ligand-independent (GF9) TREM-1 inhibitors showed no differences in bacterial burden and significantly reduced TNF-α and CCL-2 expression compared to controls. Mice receiving TREM-1 inhibitors showed reduced pulmonary inflammation compared to controls indicating that TREM-1 promotes inflammatory pathology, but not bacterial control, during pertussis infection. This implicates TREM-1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of pertussis.

scholarly journals Genomic surveillance and improved molecular typing of Bordetella pertussis using wgMLST

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Weigand ◽  
Yanhui Peng ◽  
Hannes Pouseele ◽  
Dane Kania ◽  
Katherine E. Bowden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Iterative Refinement ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Retrospective Comparison ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
Reference Quality

ABSTRACTMulti-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) provides allele-based characterization of bacterial pathogens in a standardized framework. However, current MLST schemes for Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, seldom reveal diversity among the small number of gene targets and thereby fail to delineate population structure. To improve discriminatory power of allele-based molecular typing of B. pertussis, we have developed a whole-genome MLST (wgMLST) scheme from 214 reference-quality genome assemblies. Iterative refinement and allele curation resulted in a scheme of 3,506 coding sequences and covering 81.4% of the B. pertussis genome. This wgMLST scheme was further evaluated with data from a convenience sample of 2,389 B. pertussis isolates sequenced on Illumina instruments, including isolates from known outbreaks and epidemics previously characterized by existing molecular assays, as well as replicates collected from individual patients. wgMLST demonstrated concordance with whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) profiles, accurately resolved outbreak and sporadic cases in a retrospective comparison, and clustered replicate isolates collected from individual patients during diagnostic confirmation. Additionally, a re-analysis of isolates from two statewide epidemics using wgMLST reconstructed the population structures of circulating strains with increased resolution, revealing new clusters of related cases. Comparison with an existing core-genome (cgMLST) scheme highlights the genomic stability of this bacterium and forms the initial foundation for necessary standardization. These results demonstrate the utility of wgMLST for improving B. pertussis characterization and genomic surveillance during the current pertussis disease resurgence.

scholarly journals Localization of regions of a Bordetella pertussis autotransporter, Vag8, interacting with C1 inhibitor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Onoda ◽  
Yukihiro Hiramatsu ◽  
Shihono Teruya ◽  
Koichiro Suzuki ◽  
Yasuhiko Horiguchi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
C1 Inhibitor ◽  
Passenger Domain ◽  
Complement Regulator ◽  
Function Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractBordetella pertussis is the causative agent of pertussis (whooping cough), a contagious respiratory disease that has recently seen a resurgence despite high vaccination coverage, necessitating improvement of current pertussis vaccines. An autotransporter of B. pertussis, virulence-associated gene 8 (Vag8), has been proposed as an additional component to improve pertussis vaccines. Vag8 is known to play a role in evasion of the complement system and activation of the contact system by inactivating the complement regulating factor, C1 inhibitor (C1 Inh), which inhibits serine proteases, such as plasma kallikrein (PK). However, the nature of the molecular interaction between Vag8 and C1 Inh remains to be determined. In the present study, we attempted to determine the minimum region of Vag8 that interacts with C1 Inh by examining the differently–truncated Vag8 derivatives for the ability to bind and inactivate C1 Inh. The region of Vag8 from amino–acid residues 102 to 548 was found to bind C1 Inh and cancel its inhibitory action on the protease activity of PK at the same level as a Vag8 fragment from amino–acid residues 52 to 648 covering the passenger domain, which carries its extracellular function. In contrast, the truncated Vag8 containing amino–acid residues 102 – 479 or 202 – 648 barely interacted with C1 Inh. These results indicated that the two separate regions of amino–acid residues 102 – 202 and 479 – 548 are likely required for the interaction with C1 Inh.ImportancePertussis is currently reemerging worldwide, and is still one of the greatest disease burdens in infants. B. pertussis produces a number of virulence factors, including toxins, adhesins, and autotransporters. One of the autotransporters, Vag8, which binds and inactivates the complement regulator C1 Inh, is considered to contribute to the establishment of B. pertussis infection. However, the nature of the interaction between Vag8 and C1 Inh remains to be explored. In this study, we narrowed down the region of Vag8 that interacts with C1 Inh and demonstrated that at least two separate regions of Vag8 are necessary for the interaction with C1 Inh. Our results provide insight into the structure–function relationship of the Vag8 molecule and information to determine its potential role in the pathogenesis of B. pertussis.

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