PNEUMATOSIS INTESTINALIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-549
Author(s):  
ELLEN P. MACKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pneumatosis Intestinalis ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Infantile Diarrhea ◽  
Age Range

Thirteen cases of pneumatosis intestinalis are reported, 12 of them in infants between 12 days and 12 months of age, one in a boy of 6 years. Review of these cases and of 32 reported cases falling within the pediatric age range discloses that the disease occurs most frequently in patients whose general condition is poor, that it is very often associated with congenital or acquired disease of the intestine, and that respiratory disease, usually infectious, frequently co-exists. The presence of pneumatosis in pediatric patients has so far been discovered only at autopsy, but clinical diagnosis, with the aid of the typical roentgenologic findings, is feasible and may be accomplished when the disease is more widely known. The clinical picture and roentgenographic findings in adults are reviewed. The most acceptable theories concerning the pathogenesis are discussed, with their possible relation to infantile diarrhea.

scholarly journals Data Mining to Determine Behavioral Patterns in Respiratory Disease in Pediatric Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cabanillas-Carbonell ◽  
Randy Verdecia-Peña ◽  
José Luis Herrera Salazar ◽  
Esteban Medina-Rafaile ◽  
Oswaldo Casazola-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Behavioral Patterns

scholarly journals The pattern of urine cytology among patients with clinical diagnosis of bladder tumor in a tertiary hospital northwest Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 3521
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Umar ◽  
Uzodimma E. Onwuasoanya ◽  
Emmanuel U. Oyibo ◽  
Adamu Dahiru ◽  
Ismaila A. Mungadi
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Bladder Tumour ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Urine Cytology ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Age Range

Background: Urine cytology is a simple, safe, non-invasive and cheap investigation that is used as adjunct to cystoscopy in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Its low sensitivity is a major limitation against its use as a sole diagnostic test for bladder cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of urine cytology seen in patients with clinical diagnosis of bladder tumour in our practice.Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients with clinical diagnosis of bladder tumour that had urine cytology in our centre. The age and gender of the patients, number of urine cytology per patient per year and cytologic diagnosis were analysed using the SPSS 20.Results: During the period under review, a total of 512 urine cytology was done for patients with clinical diagnosis of bladder tumour. The age range of the patients was 6 to 90 years with modal age of 60 years. 457 (89.3%) were males while 54 (10.5%) were females and 1 (0.2%) was unspecified. Male to female ratio was 8.5:1. The highest number of urine cytology was done in 2013 with 64 (12.5%) while the least number was 1 (0.2%) recorded in 2001 and 2003. Only 68 (13.3%) specimens were reported to be malignant while 245 (47.9%) were reported as negative representing the most common cytological diagnosis in the study.Conclusions: Although urine cytology is useful in the diagnostic workup of patients with bladder mass, it is unlikely it would supplant cystoscopy and biopsy in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. 

scholarly journals Post-tonsillectomy pain management in pediatric patients-a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1637
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Swain
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Clinical Issue ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Active Research

Tonsillectomy is a common surgical procedure performed in the pediatric age group. Although tonsillectomy is a safe surgery, it is associated with significant post-operative pain. Analgesia after tonsillectomy is often inadequate. Severe post-tonsillectomy throat pain has been described for more than a decade. Parents often worry for handling the pain of their children in home. Post-tonsillectomy pain is often considered as a long lasting and intense in nature. Post-tonsillectomy pain in children is an important problem which overstrains the patient, family and hospital staff. Post-tonsillectomy pain in children is an important problem which overstrains the patient, family and hospital staff. Regulatory alteration in the analgesic armamentarium, particularly in pediatric patients are making the treatment of post-tonsillectomy pain more difficult. Post-tonsillectomy pain in pediatric patients continues to be highly debated clinical issue and also an area of active research. Post-tonsillectomy pain can result in significant morbidity among pediatric patients. There are several analgesics available; each one has its own risk profile and unique side effects when used in pediatric age group in post-tonsillectomy period. This review article provides an update on recent management of post-tonsillectomy pain in pediatric patients. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, impact of post-tonsillectomy pain in children and details of medications used for controlling post-tonsillectomy pain. 

scholarly journals Future Directions in Reducing Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children With ASD Using Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Żebrowska ◽  
Izabela Łaczmańska ◽  
Łukasz Łaczmański
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Age Range

Research on the use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in the treatment of disorders related to digestive system ailments in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is a new attempt in a therapeutic approach. There are very little scientific evidences available on this emerging alternative method. However, it appears to be interesting not only because of its primary outcome, relieving the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, but also secondary therapeutic effect of alleviating autistic behavioral symptoms. FMT seems to be also promising method in the treatment of another group of pediatric patients, children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study is to discuss the potential use of FMT and modified protocols (MTT, microbiota transfer therapy) in the treatment of GI disorders in ASD children supported by reports on another disease, IBD concerning pediatric patients. Due to the few reports of the use of FMT in the treatment of children, these two patients groups were selected, although suffering from distant health conditions: neurodevelopmental disorder and gastrointestinal tract diseases, because of the the fact that they seem related in aspects of the presence of GI symptoms, disturbed intestinal microbiota, unexplained etiology of the condition and age range of patients. Although the outcomes for all are promising, this type of therapy is still an under-researched topic, studies in the group of pediatric patients are sparse, also there is a high risk of transmission of infectious and noninfectious elements during the procedure and no long-term effects on global health are known. For those reasons all obtained results should be taken with a great caution. However, in the context of future therapeutic directions for GI observed in neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, the topic seems worthy of attention.

The Weismann-Netter Syndrome: A Cause of Bowed Legs in Childhood

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-337
Author(s):  
GARY L. FRANCIS ◽  
JAMES J. JELINEK ◽  
KATHLEEN MCHALE ◽  
MEGAN ADAMSON ◽  
SONDRA W. LEVIN
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Skeletal Dysplasia ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Uncomplicated Pregnancy ◽  
Age Range

The Weismann-Netter syndrome is a rare, heritable skeletal dysplasia which often presents as asymptomatic bowing of the lower legs or short stature.1 Although more than 40 cases have been described, there is mention of only 8 cases in patients who were younger than 16 years of age.1-9 In retrospect, most of the affected adults reported symptoms during childhood. We recently had the opportunity to evaluate a 4-year-old boy, whom we believe to have the Weismann-Netter syndrome. This case served to heighten our awareness of this condition, which should be recognizable in the pediatric age range. CASE REPORT The proband (Fig 1), a four-year-old Arabic boy, was the product of a full-term, uncomplicated pregnancy.

Taakspecifieke focale dystonie bij musici

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. DOOMS
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Muscle Contractions ◽  
Focal Dystonia ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Musical Activity ◽  
Neurological Movement Disorder ◽  
Rule Out

Task-specific focal dystonia in musicians Task-specific focal dystonia is a neurological movement disorder characterized by involuntary contractions during a specific activity. In musicians, the abnormal movement can occur while playing an instrument or while singing. The muscle contractions are usually painless, but the function of the affected region is disturbed. The clinical picture occurs more in men than in women and is most frequent in pianists or guitarists. The abnormality is usually localized in the fingers, the hands or the entire arm. Drummers can have problems in the lower limbs. Brass and woodwind players can lose control of the lips, tongue or facial muscles. This is called “embouchure dystonia”. Singers suffer from the larynx. The diagnosis is a clinical diagnosis. It is important to observe the musician making music. Outside the musical activity, all tests are normal. Technical examinations can be useful to rule out other diagnoses. The therapy is difficult and often unsatisfactory. In many cases, the disease predicts the end of the musical career.

scholarly journals Genotype–Phenotype Correlations in Children with HHT

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kilian ◽  
Giuseppe Latino ◽  
Andrew White ◽  
Dewi Clark ◽  
Murali Chakinala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Dominant Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Rare Autosomal Dominant Disease

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), a rare autosomal dominant disease mostly caused by mutations in three known genes (ENG, ACVRL1, and SMAD4), is characterized by the development of vascular malformations (VMs). Patients with HHT may present with mucocutaneous telangiectasia, as well as organ arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the central nervous system, lungs, and liver. Genotype–phenotype correlations have been well described in adults with HHT. We aimed to investigate genotype–phenotype correlations among pediatric HHT patients. Demographic, clinical, and genetic data were collected and analyzed in 205 children enrolled in the multicenter Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium HHT Project. A chi-square test was used to determine the association between phenotypic presentations and genotype. Among 205 patients (age range: 0–18 years; mean: 11 years), ENG mutation was associated with the presence of pulmonary AVMs (p < 0.001) and brain VM (p < 0.001). The presence of a combined phenotype—defined as both pulmonary AVMs and brain VMs—was also associated with ENG mutation. Gastrointestinal bleeding was rare (4.4%), but was associated with SMAD4 genotype (p < 0.001). We conclude that genotype–phenotype correlations among pediatric HHT patients are similar to those described among adults. Specifically, pediatric patients with ENG mutation have a greater prevalence of pulmonary AVMs, brain VMs, and a combined phenotype.

26 THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOME IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE ACROSS THE PEDIATRIC AGE RANGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. S102-S103
Author(s):  
Maire A. Conrad ◽  
Kyle Bittinger ◽  
Yue Ren ◽  
Jessica Breton ◽  
Nina Devas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Age Range

A Single Sheet Pediatric Growth Chart

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 497-500
Author(s):  
Elaine Kohler
Keyword(s):  
Head Circumference ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Growth Chart ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Single Sheet ◽  
Growth Evaluation ◽  
Age Range

A chart has been designed for simplified growth evaluation combining boys' and girls' measurements to give a “usual” 50th percentile and “limits of normal” 97th and 3rd percentile lines for height and weight. Head circumference limits and average low birthweight growth lines are included on the graph. The chart includes the entire pediatric age range from birth, even if premature, through 18 years. While meticulous statistical significance cannot be derived from plotting on such a chart, it is offered to simplify the recording of children's growth and the evaluation of the consistency and normalcy of that growth.

scholarly journals Eosinophil Infiltrates in Pilocytic Astrocytomas of Children and Young Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 632-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Qiang Lu ◽  
Omid Rashidipour ◽  
Beverly A. Wilson ◽  
Andrew S. Jack ◽  
Jeffrey Pugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eosinophilic Infiltration ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Tissue Eosinophilia ◽  
Pilocytic Astrocytomas ◽  
Divergent Differentiation ◽  
Cns Tumours ◽  
Leptomeningeal Infiltration ◽  
Age Range

AbstractObjectiveEosinophils may affect each stage of tumour development. Many studies have suggested that tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) is associated with favourable prognosis in some malignant tumours. However, only a few studies exist on TATE in central nervous system (CNS) tumours. Our recent study exhibited eosinophils in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours (AT/RTs), pediatric malignant CNS tumours with divergent differentiation. This study examines eosinophils in pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs).MethodsThe study included 44 consecutive cases of patients with PAs and no concurrent CNS inflammatory disease.ResultsWe found eosinophils in 19 (43%) of 44 PAs (patient age range, 0.5-72 years). Eosinophils were intratumoural and clearly distinguishable. The density of eosinophils was rare to focally scattered. PAs containing eosinophils were located throughout the CNS. Furthermore, eosinophilic infiltration was identified in 18 (62%) of 29 pediatric (age range, 0.5-18 years) PAs but only 1 (7%) of 15 (p<0.001, significantly less) adult (age range, 20-72 years) PAs. Eosinophilic infiltration showed no significant differences between PAs with and without MRI cystic formation, surgical procedures, or PAs with and without leptomeningeal infiltration. In comparison, eosinophils were absent in 10 pediatric (age range, 0.5-15 years) ependymomas (or anaplastic ependymomas).ConclusionsThese results suggest that eosinophils are common in pediatric PAs but rare in adult PAs. This difference is probably related to the developing immune system and different tumour-specific antigens in children. TATE may play a functional role in the development of pediatric PAs, as well as some other pediatric CNS tumours such as AT/RTs.

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