scholarly journals Retinal imaging study diagnoses in COVID-19: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Ortiz-Egea ◽  
Jorge Ruiz-Medrano ◽  
José M. Ruiz-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cotton Wool Spots ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab

Abstract Background Hyperreflective lesions at the level of ganglion cell (GCL) and inner plexiform retinal layers (IPL) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and cotton wool spots in the examination of the eye fundus have recently been described as findings in patients with COVID-19 infection. Case report We report the case of a 42-year-old healthy Caucasian male anesthetist who had treated COVID-19 patients during the previous 5 weeks and suddenly presented with a temporal relative scotoma in his left eye. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 for the left eye, and no discromatopsy or afferent pupillary defect was present. Visual field test was performed, with no significant findings associated with the focal loss of sensitivity described by the patient. The anterior segment was unremarkable on slit lamp examination in both eyes. Fundus examination of the left eye showed no significant findings. A placoid, hyperreflective band at the level of the GCL and IPL was visible in OCT which spared the outer retina, at the time of diagnosis and 1 month later. An oropharyngeal swab test was performed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ribonucleic acid (RNA), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) determination. Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was negative. ELISA testing and a third rapid antibody detection test performed 7 days after the onset of symptoms were positive. Conclusions Ocular signs and symptoms in COVID-19 cases are rarely reported, but may be underestimated, especially those that affect the retina and occur in asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic cases. We present a case of COVID-19 diagnosis based on retinal ophthalmic examination.

scholarly journals Retinal imaging study diagnoses a case of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Ruiz-Medrano ◽  
José Manuel Ortiz-Egea ◽  
José María Ruiz-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Cotton Wool Spots ◽  
First Case ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
Nasal Side ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background: Hyper-reflective lesions at the level of ganglion cell (GCL) and inner plexiform retinal layers (IPL) by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and cotton wool spots in the examination of the eye fundus have recently been described as findings in patients with COVID-19 infection.Case report: We report a case of a 42-year-old male anesthetist who treated COVID patients during the previous five weeks and suddenly debuted with a temporal relative scotoma in his left eye (OS); three weeks before, he presented with ageusia for several days. Best corrected visual acuity was 20/20 for OS; no discromatopsy or afferent pupillary defect were present. Visual field was performed, with no significant findings associated to the focal loss of sensitivity referred by the patient. The anterior segment was unremarkable on slit lamp examination in both eyes. Fundus examination of the left eye showed no significant findings. A placoid, hyperreflective band at the level of GCL and IPL was visible in the temporal and nasal side of the fovea on OCT which spared the outer retina, at the time of diagnosis and at one month. A propharyngeal swab test for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, IgG and IgM ELISA determinations were performed. Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was negative. ELISA testing and a third rapid antibody detection test performed 7 days after the onset of symptoms were positive.Conclusions: Ocular signs and symptoms in COVID cases are rarely reported, but may be underestimated, especially those that affect the retina and occur in asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic cases. We present the first case of diagnosis of COVID-19 based on retinal ophthalmic examination.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection by Detection of Specific Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgA Antibodies in Serum and Saliva

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Balmaseda ◽  
María G. Guzmán ◽  
Samantha Hammond ◽  
Guillermo Robleto ◽  
Carolina Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Iga Antibodies ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Feasible Alternative

ABSTRACT To evaluate alternative approaches to the serological diagnosis of dengue virus (DEN) infection, the detection of DEN-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgA antibodies in serum and saliva specimens was assessed in 147 patients with symptoms of DEN infection seen at the Ministry of Health in Nicaragua. Seventy-two serum samples were determined to be positive for anti-DEN antibodies by IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the routine diagnostic procedure. Serum and saliva specimens were obtained from 50 healthy adults as additional controls. IgM was detected in the saliva of 65 of the 72 serum IgM-positive cases, 6 of the 75 serum IgM-negative cases, and none of the control group, resulting in a sensitivity of 90.3% and a specificity of 92.0% and demonstrating that salivary IgM is a useful diagnostic marker for DEN infection. Detection of IgA in serum may be another feasible alternative for the diagnosis of DEN infection, with serum IgA found in 68 (94.4%) of the IgM-positive cases. In contrast, detection of IgA in saliva was not found to be a useful tool for DEN diagnosis in the present study. Further studies of the kinetics of antibody detection in another set of 151 paired acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples showed that DEN-specific IgA antibodies were detected in more acute-phase samples than were IgM antibodies. Thus, we conclude that DEN-specific IgA in serum is a potential diagnostic target. Furthermore, given that saliva is a readily obtainable, noninvasive specimen, detection of DEN-specific salivary IgM should be considered a useful, cheaper diagnostic modality with similar sensitivity and specificity to IgM detection in serum.

scholarly journals Potential Antigenic Cross-reactivity Between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Dengue Viruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaniv Lustig ◽  
Shlomit Keler ◽  
Rachel Kolodny ◽  
Nir Ben-Tal ◽  
Danit Atias-Varon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Envelope Protein ◽  
False Positive ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Elisa Testing

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and dengue fever are difficult to distinguish given shared clinical and laboratory features. Failing to consider COVID-19 due to false-positive dengue serology can have serious implications. We aimed to assess this possible cross-reactivity. Methods We analyzed clinical data and serum samples from 55 individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. To assess dengue serology status, we used dengue-specific antibodies by means of lateral-flow rapid test, as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, we tested SARS-CoV-2 serology status in patients with dengue and performed in-silico protein structural analysis to identify epitope similarities. Results Using the dengue lateral-flow rapid test we detected 12 positive cases out of the 55 (21.8%) COVID-19 patients versus zero positive cases in a control group of 70 healthy individuals (P = 2.5E−5). This includes 9 cases of positive immunoglobulin M (IgM), 2 cases of positive immunoglobulin G (IgG), and 1 case of positive IgM as well as IgG antibodies. ELISA testing for dengue was positive in 2 additional subjects using envelope protein directed antibodies. Out of 95 samples obtained from patients diagnosed with dengue before September 2019, SARS-CoV-2 serology targeting the S protein was positive/equivocal in 21 (22%) (16 IgA, 5 IgG) versus 4 positives/equivocal in 102 controls (4%) (P = 1.6E−4). Subsequent in-silico analysis revealed possible similarities between SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in the HR2 domain of the spike protein and the dengue envelope protein. Conclusions Our findings support possible cross-reactivity between dengue virus and SARS-CoV-2, which can lead to false-positive dengue serology among COVID-19 patients and vice versa. This can have serious consequences for both patient care and public health.

scholarly journals Antibody Detection and Dynamic Characteristics in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1930-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xiang ◽  
Xiaorong Wang ◽  
Xinliang He ◽  
Zhenghong Peng ◽  
Bohan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Great Specificity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Consistency Rate

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been rapidly spreading nationwide and abroad. A serologic test to identify antibody dynamics and response to SARS-CoV-2 was developed. Methods The antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the recombinant nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 at 3–40 days after symptom onset. The gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis was nucleic acid testing for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). The serodiagnostic power of the specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was investigated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and consistency rate. Results The seroconversion of specific IgM and IgG antibodies were observed as early as the fourth day after symptom onset. In the patients with confirmed COVID-19, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and consistency rate of IgM were 77.3% (51/66), 100%, 100%, 80.0%, and 88.1%, respectively, and those of IgG were 83.3% (55/66), 95.0%, 94.8%, 83.8%, and 88.9%. In patients with suspected COVID-19, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and consistency rate of IgM were 87.5% (21/24), 100%, 100%, 95.2%, and 96.4%, respectively, and those of IgG were 70.8% (17/24), 96.6%, 85.0%, 89.1%, and 88.1%. Both antibodies performed well in serodiagnosis for COVID-19 and rely on great specificity. Conclusions The antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in the middle and later stages of the illness. Antibody detection may play an important role in the diagnosis of COVID-19 as a complementary approach to viral nucleic acid assays.

scholarly journals Presence of Antibodies Binding to Negative Elongation Factor E in Sarcoidosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Baerlecken ◽  
Nils Pursche ◽  
Torsten Witte ◽  
Katja Kniesch ◽  
Marius Höpfner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis ◽  
Protein Array ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Derivation Cohort ◽  
Array Technology ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
Negative Elongation Factor

Sarcoidosis is characterized by multiorgan involvement and granulomatous inflammation. Its origin is unknown and the potential role of autoimmunity has not been sufficiently determined. We investigated the presence of autoantibodies in sarcoidosis using protein array technology. The derivation cohort consisted of patients with sarcoidosis (n = 25) and controls including autoimmune disease and blood donors (n = 246). In addition, we tested a validation cohort including pulmonary sarcoidosis patients (n = 58) and healthy controls (n = 13). Initially, sera of three patients with sarcoidosis were screened using a protein array with 28.000 proteins against controls. Thereby we identified the Negative Elongation Factor E (NELF-E) as an autoantigen. With confirmatory Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)testing, 29/82 patients (35%) with sarcoidosis had antibodies against NELF-E of the Immunoglobulin (Ig) G type, whereas 18/253 (7%) sera of the controls were positive for NELF-E. Clinically, there was an association of the frequency of NELF-E antibody detection with lung parenchymal involvement and corresponding x-ray types. NELF-E autoantibodies are associated with sarcoidosis and should be further investigated.

Early presentation of endomyocardial fibrosis in a 22-month-old child: a case report

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette M. Cilliers ◽  
Paul E. Adams ◽  
Ana O. Mocumbi
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Endomyocardial Fibrosis ◽  
Early Presentation ◽  
Ventricular Diverticulum ◽  
Proven Case

AbstractWe present an unusual, biopsy-proven case of endomyocardial fibrosis in a 22-month-old male child, which progressed rapidly resulting in death. The patient was born to a father originating from Mozambique, where the disease is endemic but who had not himself travelled there, suggesting a genetic link. Other remarkable features were the presence of a right ventricular diverticulum, and a positive Mycoplasma pneumoniae immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test.

scholarly journals Recombinant Truncated Nucleocapsid Protein as Antigen in a Novel Immunoglobulin M Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuxun Yu ◽  
Mai Quynh Le ◽  
Shingo Inoue ◽  
Futoshi Hasebe ◽  
Maria del Carmen Parquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

ABSTRACT We report the development of an immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) by using recombinant truncated SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein as the antigen. The newly developed MAC-ELISA had a specificity and sensitivity of 100% as evaluated by using sera from healthy volunteers and patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS. Using serial serum samples collected from SARS patients, the times to seroconversion were determined by IgM antibody detection after SARS-CoV infection. The median time to seroconversion detection was 8 days (range, 5 to 17 days) after disease onset, and the seroconversion rates after the onset of illness were 33% by the first week, 97% by the second week, and 100% by the third week. Compared with the results of our previous report on the detection of IgG, the median seroconversion time by IgM detection was 3 days earlier and the seroconversion rate by the second week after the illness for IgM was significantly higher than by IgG assay. Our results indicating that the IgM response appears earlier than IgG after SARS-CoV infection in consistent with those for other pathogens. Our newly developed MAC-ELISA system offers a new alternative for the confirmation of SARS-CoV infection.

TBE in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
First Time

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was isolated for the first time in Sweden in 1958 (from ticks and from 1 tick-borne encephalitis [TBE] patient).1 In 2003, Haglund and colleagues reported the isolation and antigenic and genetic characterization of 14 TBEV strains from Swedish patients (samples collected 1991–1994).2 The first serum sample, from which TBEV was isolated, was obtained 2–10 days after onset of disease and found to be negative for anti-TBEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas TBEV-specific IgM (and TBEV-specific immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid [IgG/CSF] activity) was demonstrated in later serum samples taken during the second phase of the disease.

Odontoid cervical gout causing atlantoaxial instability: case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-544
Author(s):  
Justin Slavin ◽  
Marcello DiStasio ◽  
Paul F. Dellaripa ◽  
Michael Groff
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Odontoid Process ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Atlantoaxial Instability ◽  
Posterior Stabilization ◽  
Rotatory Subluxation

The authors present a case report of a patient discovered to have a rotatory subluxation of the C1–2 joint and a large retroodontoid pannus with an enhancing lesion in the odontoid process eventually proving to be caused by gout. This patient represented a diagnostic conundrum as she had known prior diagnoses of not only gout but also sarcoidosis and possible rheumatoid arthritis, and was in the demographic range where concern for an oncological process cannot fully be ruled out. Because she presented with signs and symptoms of atlantoaxial instability, she required posterior stabilization to reduce the rotatory subluxation and to stabilize the C1–2 instability. However, despite the presence of a large retroodontoid pannus, she had no evidence of spinal cord compression on physical examination or imaging and did not require an anterior procedure to decompress the pannus. To confirm the diagnosis but avoid additional procedures and morbidity, the authors proceeded with the fusion as well as a posterior biopsy to the retroodontoid pannus and confirmed a diagnosis of gout.

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