Protective effects of human iPS-derived retinal pigmented epithelial cells on retinal degenerative disease

The conservation of mammary gland physiology by maintaining the maximum number of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) is of the utmost importance for the optimum amount of milk production. In a state of negative energy balance, palmitic acid (PA) reduces the number of bovine MECs. However, there is no effective strategy against PA-induced apoptosis of MECs. In the present study, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) was established as a remedial agent against PA-induced apoptosis of MAC-T cells (an established line of bovine MECs). In PA-treated cells, the apoptosis-related genes BCL2 and BAX were down- and upregulated, respectively. The elevated expression of major genes of the unfolded protein response (UPR), such as CHOP, a proapoptotic marker (C/EBP homologous protein), reduced the viability of PA-treated MAC-T cells. In contrast, 5-ALA pretreatment increased and decreased BCL2 and BAX expression, respectively. Moreover, cleaved caspase-3 protein expression was significantly reduced in the 5-ALA-pretreated group in comparison with the PA group. The downregulation of major UPR-related genes, including CHOP, extended the viability of MAC-T cells pretreated with 5-ALA and also reduced the enhanced intensity of the PA-induced expression of phospho-protein kinase R-like ER kinase. Moreover, the enhanced expression of HO-1 (antioxidant gene heme oxygenase) by 5-ALA reduced PA-induced oxidative stress (OxS). HO-1 is not only protective against OxS but also effective against ER stress. Collectively, these findings offer new insights into the protective effects of 5-ALA against PA-induced apoptosis of bovine MECs.

Download Full-text

Protective effects of astaxanthin on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in bovine endometrial epithelial cells†

Biology of Reproduction ◽

10.1093/biolre/ioz187 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 102 (2) ◽

pp. 339-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fa-Chun Wan ◽

Chen Zhang ◽

Qing Jin ◽

Chen Wei ◽

Hong-Bo Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Epithelial Cell Line ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Injury Treatment ◽

Endometrial Epithelial Cells

Abstract Astaxanthin (AST), a natural antioxidant carotenoid, has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects. However, to our knowledge, no study has specifically addressed the potential protective effects of AST against bovine endometritis. The purpose of this study was to examine whether treatment with AST could protect endometrial epithelial cells against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury. Treatment of bovine endometrial (BEND) epithelial cell line with AST reduced LPS-induced production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, increased the cellular activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, decreased the proportion of apoptotic cells, and promoted the production of insulin-like growth factor and epithelial growth factor. The effects of AST were mediated through the downregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) associated X, apoptosis regulator (Bax), and cleaved caspase-3 and through the upregulation of Bcl-2. Moreover, AST significantly increased the expression of the tight junction proteins (TJP) claudin, cadherin-1, and TJP1, which play an essential role in the maintenance of host endometrial defense barrier against pathogen infection. Collectively, these results demonstrated that treatment with AST protected against oxidative stress, prevented cell apoptosis, promoted BEND cells viability, and increased the production of growth factors, in addition to activating the endometrial defense barrier. Therefore, AST is a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of endometritis. This finding is of utmost importance in the present times when the excessive use of antibiotics has resulted in the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Download Full-text

Preliminary characterization of cell surface-extracellular matrix linkage complexes in cultured retinal pigmented epithelial cells

Experimental Cell Research ◽

10.1016/0014-4827(87)90270-9 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 171 (1) ◽

pp. 259-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kursad Turksen ◽

Michal Opas ◽

Vitauts I. Kalnins

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Cell Surface ◽

Preliminary Characterization ◽

Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells

Download Full-text

Human Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells Produce Nitric Oxide in Response to Cytokines

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ◽

10.1006/bbrc.1994.1017 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 198 (1) ◽

pp. 120-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

O. Goureau ◽

D. Hicks ◽

Y. Courtois

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells

Download Full-text

Glutamine protects intestinal epithelial cells: role of inducible HSP70

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1997.272.4.g879 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 272 (4) ◽

pp. G879-G884 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

P. E. Wischmeyer ◽

M. W. Musch ◽

M. B. Madonna ◽

R. Thisted ◽

E. B. Chang

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Mucosal Healing ◽

Epithelial Cell Line ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Cellular Protection ◽

Gut Mucosa ◽

Shock Proteins ◽

Hsp70 Induction

Glutamine (Gln) protects gut mucosa against injury and promotes mucosal healing. Because the induction of heat shock proteins (HSP) protects cells under conditions of stress, we determined whether Gln conferred protection against stress in an intestinal epithelial cell line through HSP induction. Gln added to IEC-18 cells induces an increase in HSP70, a concentration-dependent effect also seen with mRNA. Two forms of injury, lethal heat (49 degrees C) and oxidant, were used, and viability was determined by 51Cr release. Gln-treated cells were significantly more resistant to injury. Treatment with 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), a nonmetabolizable analog of Gln, induced HSP70 and protected cells from injury, but less than Gln. These findings suggest that the effects of Gln on HSP70 induction and cellular protection are mediated by metabolic and nonmetabolic mechanisms. To determine whether HSP induction was central to the action of Gln and DON, quercetin, which blocks HSP induction, was used. Quercetin blocked HSP70 induction and the protective effect of Gln and DON. We conclude that the protective effects of Gln in intestinal epithelial cells are in part mediated by HSP70 induction.

Download Full-text

Prior heat stress enhances survival of renal epithelial cells after ATP depletion

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1996.270.6.f1057 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 270 (6) ◽

pp. F1057-F1065 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Y. H. Wang ◽

S. C. Borkan

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Atp Depletion ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Atp Content ◽

Renal Epithelial Cells ◽

Opossum Kidney ◽

Ok Cells

The 72-kDa heat stress protein (HSP-72) is an inducible cytoprotectant protein. Although transient renal ischemia in vivo induces HSP-72, it is not known whether prior heat stress protects renal epithelial cells from injury mediated by ATP depletion. To evaluate this hypothesis, opossum kidney (OK) cells were exposed to sodium cyanide and 2-deoxy-D-glucose in the absence of medium glucose, a maneuver that reduced cell ATP content to < 10% of the control value within 10 min and decreased cell survival. One day after 2 h of ATP depletion, OK cells previously exposed to heat stress (to induce accumulation of HSP-72) exhibited marked improvement in survival (a > 4-fold increase in total DNA), less uptake of vital dye, and less release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) than cells subjected to ATP depletion alone (23.0 +/- 1.6 vs. 34.1 +/- 1.2% of total LDH, respectively). Enhanced clonogenicity post-heat stress was completely prevented by cycloheximide and positively correlated with the steady-state content of HSP-72. In the recovery period after ATP depletion, cell ATP content, maximum mitochondrial ATP production rate, and total LDH activity were all significantly higher in cells with abundant HSP-72. Although the protective effects associated with heat stress are likely to be multifactoral, preserved cell metabolism and higher ATP content could enhance cellular repair processes after ATP depletion.

Download Full-text