Production and global transport of Titan’s sand particles

Much progress has been made in recent years towards the development of closed-loop foundry sand reclamation systems. However, virtually all work to date has determined the effectiveness of these systems to remove surface clay and metal oxide scales by a qualitative inspection of a representative sampling of sand particles. In this investigation, particles from a series of foundry sands were sized and chemically classified by a Lemont image analysis system (which was interfaced with an SEM and an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer) in order to statistically document the effectiveness of a reclamation system developed by The Pangborn Company - a subsidiary of SOHIO.The following samples were submitted: unreclaimed sand; calcined sand; calcined & mechanically scrubbed sand and unused sand. Prior to analysis, each sample was sprinkled onto a carbon mount and coated with an evaporated film of carbon. A backscattered electron photomicrograph of a field of scale-covered particles is shown in Figure 1. Due to a large atomic number difference between sand particles and the carbon mount, the backscattered electron signal was used for image analysis since it had a uniform contrast over the shape of each particle.

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Superhydrophobic Sands for the Preservation and Purification of Water

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11020151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 151

Author(s):

Yuyang Liu ◽

Chang-Hwan Choi

Keyword(s):

Water Surface ◽

Particulate Material ◽

Self Assembled Monolayer ◽

Hydrophobic Coatings ◽

Hydrophobic Coating ◽

Evaporation Loss ◽

Zno Nanocrystals ◽

Sand Particles ◽

Purification Of Water ◽

Nanoscale Roughness

Sand, a cheap and naturally abundant particulate material, was modified with photocatalytic and hydrophobic coatings to reduce evaporation loss and facilitate the purification of water. The first-level photocatalytic coatings (TiO2 or ZnO nanocrystals) rendered nanoscale roughness on the surface of the sand. The additional second-level hydrophobic coating of a self-assembled monolayer of octyltrimethoxysilane (OTS) made the sand particles superhydrophobic because of the nanoscale roughness imposed by the nanocrystals. The superhydrophobic sand particles, floating on the free surface of water due to their superhydrophobicity, significantly reduced the evaporation loss of water by 60%–90% in comparison to an uncovered water surface. When the outer hydrophobic coatings are weathered or disengaged, the inner photocatalytic coatings become exposed to water. Then, the sand particles act as photocatalysts to degrade the contaminants in water under solar radiation.

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Application of sand particles modified with NH2-MIL-101(Fe) as an efficient visible-light photocatalyst for Cr(VI) reduction

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129365 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 268 ◽

pp. 129365

Author(s):

Sadra Sadeghian ◽

Hossein Pourfakhar ◽

Majid Baghdadi ◽

Behnoush Aminzadeh

Keyword(s):

Visible Light ◽

Visible Light Photocatalyst ◽

Sand Particles

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Experimental study on laminated glass responses of high-speed trains subject to windblown sand particles loading

Construction and Building Materials ◽

10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 300 ◽

pp. 124332

Author(s):

Gongxun Deng ◽

Wen Ma ◽

Yong Peng ◽

Shiming Wang ◽

Song Yao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

High Speed ◽

Laminated Glass ◽

Windblown Sand ◽

High Speed Trains ◽

Sand Particles

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COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS STUDY OF DUSTY AIR FLOW OVER NACA 63415 AIRFOIL FOR WIND TURBINE APPLICATIONS

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v79.11877 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 79 (7-3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Iham F. Zidane ◽

Khalid M. Saqr ◽

Greg Swadener ◽

Xianghong Ma ◽

Mohamed F. Shehadeh

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Wind Turbine ◽

South African ◽

Stokes Equations ◽

Lift Coefficient ◽

Turbine Blades ◽

Aerodynamic Performance ◽

Accurate Estimation ◽

African Countries ◽

Sand Particles

Gulf and South African countries have enormous potential for wind energy. However, the emergence of sand storms in this region postulates performance and reliability challenges on wind turbines. This study investigates the effects of debris flow on wind turbine blade performance. In this paper, two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and the transition SST turbulence model are used to analyze the aerodynamic performance of NACA 63415 airfoil under clean and sandy conditions. The numerical simulation of the airfoil under clean surface condition is performed at Reynolds number 460×103, and the numerical results have a good consistency with the experimental data. The Discrete Phase Model has been used to investigate the role sand particles play in the aerodynamic performance degradation. The pressure and lift coefficients of the airfoil have been computed under different sand particles flow rates. The performance of the airfoil under different angle of attacks has been studied. Results showed that the blade lift coefficient can deteriorate by 28% in conditions relevant to the Gulf and South African countries sand storms. As a result, the numerical simulation method has been verified to be economically available for accurate estimation of the sand particles effect on the wind turbine blades.

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Study on sand particles creep model and open pit mine landslide mechanism caused by sand fatigue liquefaction

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/69/1/012021 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 69 ◽

pp. 012021

Author(s):

Dong-Ning Du ◽

Lai-Gui Wang ◽

Xiang-Dong Zhang ◽

Shu-Kun Zhang

Keyword(s):

Open Pit Mine ◽

Open Pit ◽

Creep Model ◽

Landslide Mechanism ◽

Sand Particles

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A Review of a Radioactive Material Shipping Container Including Design, Testing, Upgrading Compliance Program and Shipping Logistics

Transportation, Storage, and Disposal of Radioactive Materials ◽

10.1115/pvp2003-2134 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Celovsky ◽

Randy Lesco ◽

Brian Gale ◽

Jeffrey Sypes

Keyword(s):

Radioactive Material ◽

Type B ◽

Design Elements ◽

Shipping Container ◽

Global Transport ◽

Leak Tightness ◽

Design Requirements ◽

Compliance Program ◽

Integrity Tests ◽

Key Aspects

Ten years ago Atomic Energy of Canada developed a Type B(U)-85 shipping container for the global transport of highly radioactive materials. This paper reviews the development of the container, including a summary of the design requirements, a review of the selected materials and key design elements, and the results of the major qualification tests (drop testing, fire test, leak tightness testing, and shielding integrity tests). As a result of the testing, improvements to the structural, thermal and containment design were made. Such improvements, and reasons thereof, are noted. Also provided is a summary of the additional analysis work required to upgrade the package from a Type B(U) to a Type B(F), i.e. essentially upgrading the container to include fissile radioisotopes to the authorized radioactive contents list. Having a certified shipping container is only one aspect governing the global shipments of radioactive material. By necessity the shipment of radioactive material is a highly regulated environment. This paper also explores the experiences with other key aspects of radioactive shipments, including the service procedures used to maintain the container certification, the associated compliance program for radioactive material shipments, and the shipping logistics involved in the transport.

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