scholarly journals Analysis of the microRNA expression profiles of chicken dendritic cells in response to H9N2 avian influenza virus infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yang ◽  
Xinmei Huang ◽  
Yuzhuo Liu ◽  
Dongmin Zhao ◽  
Kaikai Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
H9n2 Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Deep Sequencing Technology ◽  
Host Defense Response

Abstract MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a key role in virus-host interactions. Here, we employed deep sequencing technology to determine cellular miRNA expression profiles in chicken dendritic cells infected with H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV). A total of 66 known and 36 novel miRNAs were differently expressed upon H9N2 infection, including 72 up-regulated and 30 down-regulated miRNAs. Functional analysis showed that the predicted targets of these miRNAs were significantly enriched in several pathways including endocytosis, notch, lysosome, p53, RIG-I-like and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. These data provide valuable information for further investigating the roles of miRNA in AIV pathogenesis and host defense response.

scholarly journals Epidemiological surveillance of H9N2 avian influenza virus infection among chickens in farms and backyards in Egypt 2015-2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-955
Author(s):  
Moataz Mohamed El-Sayed ◽  
Abdel Satar Arafa ◽  
Marwa Abdelmagid ◽  
Ahmed Ibrahim Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Additional Risk Factor ◽  
H9n2 Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Backyard Chickens

Background and Aim: LPAI H9N2 infection among the poultry population in Egypt constitutes an additional risk factor in the poultry industry. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) in commercial and backyard chickens in Egypt. A 2-year survey of H9N2 AIV in chickens in farms and backyards was carried out in 2015 and 2016. Materials and Methods: Direct detection of H9N2 AIV was performed by detecting the virus in tracheal and cloacal swabs using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. A total of 20,421 samples were collected from chickens in farms and backyards in 26 Egyptian governorates. Results: In 2015, cases positive for H9N2 AIV numbered 388 (3.9%) out of 10,016 examined cases. However, in 2016, the total positive cases numbered 447 (4.3%) out of 10,405 examined cases. The prevalence of H9N2 AIV among chickens on commercial farms was 4.6% out of the 16,666 chickens examined. The rates of positive cases in 2015 and 2016 were 4.4% (349/7884) and 4.7% (417/8782), respectively. The prevalence of H9N2 AIV in backyard chickens was 1.8% (69/3755). The rates of positive cases in backyard chickens were 1.8% (39/2132) in 2015 and again 1.8% (30/1623) in 2016. The highest positivity rate of H9N2 in chicken farms was in Beni-Suef (61.5%) (8/13), whereas the highest positivity rate in backyard chickens was in Fayoum (8.2%) (8/97). Conclusion: The analysis of H9N2 infections among chicken farms and in backyard chickens in the different governorates of Egypt over 2 years indicated widespread infection throughout the country. Thus, continuous surveillance and implementation of control programs are warranted.

scholarly journals Antiviral activity of diallyl trisulfide against H9N2 avian influenza virus infection in vitro and in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Ming ◽  
Zhihui Li ◽  
Xiaofang Li ◽  
Ling Tang ◽  
Guimei He
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Diallyl Trisulfide ◽  
H9n2 Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Background Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is a garlic-derived organosulfur compound. As it has been shown to have anti-viral activity, we hypothesized that it may alleviate infections caused by H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV), which is prevalent in poultry with pandemic potential. Methods Human lung A549 epithelial cells were treated with three different concentrations of DATS 24 h before (pre-treatment) or one hour after (post-treatment) H9N2 AIV infection. Culture supernatants were collected 24 h and 48 h post-infection and analyzed for viral titers and levels of inflammatory and anti-viral immune responses. For in vivo experiments, BABL/c mice were administered daily by intraperitoneal injection with DATS (30 mg/kg) for 2 weeks starting 1 day after H9N2 AIV infection. Clinical signs, lung pathology, and inflammatory and anti-viral immune responses were assessed 2, 4, and 6 days after infection. Results Both pre-treatment and post-treatment of A549 cells with DATS resulted in reduced viral loads, increased expression of anti-viral genes (RIG-I, IRF-3, and interferon-β), and decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). These effects were also observed in H9N2 AIV-infected mice treated with DATS. Such treatment also reduced lung edema and inflammation in mice. Conclusions Results suggest that DATS has anti-viral activity against H9N2 AIV and may be used as an alternative treatment for influenza virus infection.

scholarly journals Increased pulmonary pneumococcal clearance after resolution of H9N2 avian influenza virus infection in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyun Li ◽  
Hongyan Wang ◽  
Pengjing Lian ◽  
Yu Bai ◽  
Zihui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
H9n2 Virus ◽  
H9n2 Avian Influenza Virus

H9N2 avian influenza virus has been continuously circulating among poultry and could infect mammals, indicating that this virus is a potential pandemic strain. During influenza pandemics, secondary bacterial (particularly pneumococcal) pneumonia usually contributes to excess mortality. In the present study, we observed the dynamic effect of H9N2 virus infection on host defense against secondary pneumococcal infection in mice. BALB/c mice were intranasally inoculated with 1.2 × 105 plaque forming units (PFU) of H9N2 virus followed by 1 × 106 colony forming units of Streptococcus pneumoniae on 7, 14 or 28 days post-H9N2 infection (D.P.I.). The bacterial load, histopathology, body weight and survival were assessed after pneumococcal infection. Our results showed that H9N2 virus infection had no significant impact on host resistance to secondary pneumococcal infection on 7 D.P.I. However, H9N2 virus infection increased pulmonary pneumococcal clearance and reduced pneumococcal pneumonia-induced morbidity after secondary pneumococcal infection on 14 or 28 D.P.I., as reflected by significantly decreased bacterial loads, markedly alleviated pulmonary histopathological changes and significantly reduced weight loss in mice infected with H9N2 virus followed by S. pneumoniae compared with mice infected only with S. pneumoniae. Further, the significantly decreased bacterial loads were observed when mice were previously infected with a higher dose (1.2 × 106 PFU) of H9N2 virus. Besides, similar to the results obtained in BALB/c mice, improvement in pulmonary pneumococcal clearance was also observed in C57BL/6 mice. Overall, our results showed that pulmonary pneumococcal clearance is improved after resolution of H9N2 virus infection in mice.

scholarly journals Diallyl Trisulfide Protects Against H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Ming ◽  
Zhihui Li ◽  
Xiaofang Li ◽  
Ling Tang ◽  
Guimei He
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
H9n2 Virus ◽  
Diallyl Trisulfide ◽  
H9n2 Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract BackgroundDiallyl trisulfide is a component of garlic. It has been shown to have anti-fungus, anti-cancer, and anti-virus activities. We hypothesized that diallyl trisulfide can enhance host defense mechanisms against the infection by influenza virus A subtype H9N2, which is the most prevalent subtype of influenza viruses in poultry in many countries in Asia.MethodsIn this study, the effects of diallyl trisulfide on influenza virus will be investigated in vivo and in vitro respectively. The expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, RIG-I, IRF-3, IFN-β, and H9N2 avian influenza virus M gene were detected using Quantitative real-time RT-PCR.ResultsIn vitro, we found that treatment of A549 cells before or after H9N2 virus infection resulted in reduced viral loads, increased expression of antiviral genes (RIG-I, IRF-3 and interferon-β), and decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). These effects were also observed in H9N2 virus infected mice. ConclusionsThese results suggest that diallyl trisulfide inhibits H9N2 virus replication and down regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Also this research indicates that diallyl trisulfide might be a kind of effective drug against influenza virus infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document