scholarly journals Ammonium nitrate regulated the color characteristic changes of pigments in Monascus purpureus M9

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Chen ◽  
Yurong Wang ◽  
Mianhua Chen ◽  
Pei Fan ◽  
Guiling Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Monascus Purpureus ◽  
Polysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Color Characteristics ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Yellow Pigments

AbstractMonascus pigments (MPs) with different color characteristics, produced by submerged fermentation of Monascus purpureus M9, have potential application in food industry. In the present study, the effects and regulatory mechanisms of ammonium nitrate (AN) on the color characteristics of MPs were investigated. The concentration of intracellular pigments was significantly decreased when subjected to AN. The hue and lightness value indicated AN altered the total pigments appearance from original red to orange. The HPLC analysis for six major components of MPs showed that the production of rubropunctatin or monascorubrin, was significantly reduced to the undetectable level, whereas the yields of monascin, ankaflavin, rubropunctamine and monascorubramine, were apparently increased with AN supplement. To be noted, via real-time quantitative PCR strategy, the expression level of mppG, closely relative to orange pigments biosynthesis, was significantly down-regulated. However, the expression of mppE, involved in yellow pigments pathway, was up-regulated. Moreover, the broth pH value was dropped to 2.5–3.5 in the fermentation process resulted from AN treatment, along with the increased extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis. Taken together, the change of MPs categories and amounts by AN might be the driving force for the color characteristics variation in M. purpureus M9. The present study provided useful data for producing MPs with different compositions and modified color characteristics.

scholarly journals Ammonium Nitrate Regulated the Color Characteristic Changes of Pigments in Monascus Purpureus M9

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Chen ◽  
Yurong Wang ◽  
Mianhua Chen ◽  
Pei Fan ◽  
Guiling Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Monascus Purpureus ◽  
Polysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Color Characteristics ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Yellow Pigments

Abstract Monascus pigments (MPs) with different color characteristics, produced by submerged fermentation of Monascus purpureus M9, have potential application in food industry. In the present study, the effects and regulatory mechanisms of ammonium nitrate (AN) on the color characteristics of MPs were investigated. The concentration of intracellular pigments was significantly decreased when subjected to AN. The hue and lightness value indicated AN altered the total pigments appearance from original red to orange. The HPLC analysis for six major components of MPs showed that the production of rubropunctatin or monascorubrin, was significantly reduced to the undetectable level, whereas the the yields of monascin, ankaflavin, rubropunctamine and monascorubramine, were apparently increased with AN supplement. To be noted, via real-time quantitative PCR strategy, the expression level of mppG, closely relative to orange pigments biosynthesis, was significantly down-regulated. However, the expression of mppE, involved in yellow pigments pathway, was up-regulated. Moreover, the broth pH value was dropped to 2.5-3.5 in the fermentation process resulted from AN treatment, along with the increased extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis. Taken together, the change of MPs categories and amounts by AN might be the driving force for the color characteristics variation in M. purpureus M9. The present study provided useful data for producing MPs with different compositions and modified color characteristics.

Ecological aspects of modernization of alcohol industry enterprises at the present stage of development

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Marianna Havryshko ◽  
◽  
Olena Popovych ◽  
Halyna Yaremko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
World Industry

At the present stage of development, the entire world industry has faced the problem of rational use of renewable natural resources, in particular the most efficient ways of wastewater treatment and the use of accumulated waste in the production process as a secondary raw material. In particular, the alcohol industry, as one of the components of food, medical, chemical and various industries,leads to the formation of huge amounts of waste, including wastewater. The food industry, like any other industry, has a negative impact on the environment. Water bodies are the most affected by the food industry. Almost the first place in terms of water consumption per unit of production is the production of alcohol. Consumption of large amounts of water leads to the formation of wastewater, which is highly polluted and adversely affects the environment. Due to the high chemical and biological consumption of oxygen, specific color and odor, suspended solids, low pH value, the purification of such waste in the filtration fields and discharge into water bodies is not possible. The purpose of our work is: 1) conducting the analysis of the alcohol industry potential in Ukraine in recent years, and methods of waste disposal as a potential source for the development of bioenergy. 2) environmental aspects of the alcohol industry modernization at present stage of development and implementation of modern wastewater treatment technologies.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characteristics and productivity of tomato plants in function of nitrogen sources and doses

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Silva Assunção ◽  
Natalia Oliveira Silva ◽  
Flávio Lemes Fernandes ◽  
Leonardo Angelo de Aquino ◽  
Maria Elisa De Sena Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tomato Plants

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen sources and rates on the physicochemical characteristics and yield of tomato plants. Forty hybrids were cultivated at 100 and 400 kg ha-1 of N, combined with four sources (urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and calcium), plus a treatment without N application in a randomized complete block design four replicates. Size, stem diameter, number of leaves, SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development), leaf nitrogen, number of fruits / plants, fruit firmness, bark thickness and average fruit size, ° BRIX, pH, calcium, potassium and sodium in fruits. There was an increase in SPAD index, Brix and longitudinal diameter of fruits as a function of the N dose. The use of ammonium nitrate and calcium provided stronger fruits. Urea and ammonium nitrate provided the highest pH value in tomato fruits. The application of the 100 kg ha-1 dose of N resulted in the highest potassium content in fruits. The highest productivity was obtained with the application of sources containing ammonium and the lowest in the control treatment. Sources and doses of nitrogen fertilizers influenced growth, productivity and parameters related to tomato quality.  

scholarly journals Study of Complexes of Tannic Acid with Fe(III) and Fe(II)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaofeng Fu ◽  
Rui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Iron Ions ◽  
Test Paper ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Carbonate Buffer ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Complex Ratio

UV-Vis absorption spectra of tannic acid were gained at pH 1.0∼9.0. Due to the pH value dependence of complex, the stoichiometry of tannic acid with iron ions was tested in buffer solution by the mole ratio method. The result suggests that the complex ratio of tannic acid to Fe(III) is 1 : 1 and to Fe(II) 3 : 1 in the carbonate buffer solution, and the complex ratio of iron-tannic complexes is 1 : 1 at pH 2.2. Due to the different color changes of tannic acid with iron ions in the coordination reactions, a tannic acid test paper was designed. The concentrations of Fe(III) more than 5.000 × 10−6 mol/L and the concentrations of Fe(II) more than 1.000 × 10−5 mol/L in aqueous solution can be detected by this test paper.

Reutilization of ammonia from wastewater using cation exchange resins

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Buday
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cation Exchange Resins ◽  
Nitrate Fertilizer ◽  
Exchange Resins

The paper deals with adsorption of ammonium ions from wastewater of ammonia and ammonium nitrate plant on cation exchange resins. The aim of the treatment was not only separation of ammonium ions but also their return to the technology of ammonium nitrate fertilizer. Therefore, it was desirable to obtain high concentration of eluate. The columns of cation exchangers were arranged in the so-called “coupled columns” technique. The results were obtained on the pilot scale (0.6 m3.h−1) and in full scale (50 −110 m3.h−1) plants. Nitric acid was used for the regeneration of the exhausted resins. Its concentration was in the range of 3.9 − 7.0 mol.1−1. The average ammonium concentration of the eluate was in the range of 0.95 − 2.35 mol.l−1. This parameter of the treatment process depended on the pH value of wastewater and on the concentration of the regenerant. The concentration of ammonium nitrate achieved in the eluate is sufficient for its utilization in the technology for the ammonium nitrate fertilizer production.

scholarly journals Use of CDP-Glycerol as an Alternate Acceptor for the Teichoic Acid Polymerase Reveals that Membrane Association Regulates Polymer Length

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (21) ◽  
pp. 6940-6947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Schertzer ◽  
Eric D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Labeling ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Polymer Synthesis ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Polysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
Steady State Kinetics ◽  
Length Regulation ◽  
Lag Period

ABSTRACT The study of bacterial extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis is hampered by the fact that these molecules are synthesized on membrane-resident carrier lipids. To get around this problem, a practical solution has been to synthesize soluble lipid analogs and study the biosynthetic enzymes using a soluble system. This has been done for the Bacillus subtilis teichoic acid polymerase, TagF, although several aspects of catalysis were inconsistent with the results obtained with reconstituted membrane systems or physiological observations. In this work we explored the acceptor substrate promiscuity and polymer length disregulation that appear to be characteristic of TagF activity away from biological membranes. Using isotope labeling, steady-state kinetics, and chemical lability studies, we demonstrated that the enzyme can synthesize poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid using the elongation substrate CDP-glycerol as an acceptor. This suggests that substrate specificity is relaxed in the region distal to the glycerol phosphate moiety in the acceptor molecule under these conditions. Polymer synthesis proceeded at a rate (27 min−1) comparable to that in the reconstituted membrane system after a distinct lag period which likely represented slower initiation on the unnatural CDP-glycerol acceptor. We confirmed that polymer length became disregulated in the soluble system as the polymers synthesized on CDP-glycerol acceptors were much larger than the polymers synthesized on the membrane or previously found attached to bacterial cell walls. Finally, polymer synthesis on protease-treated membranes suggested that proper length regulation is retained in the absence of accessory proteins and provided evidence that such regulation is conferred through proper association of the polymerase with the membrane.

Optimization of Liquid Fermentation for Mycelial Growth and Extracellular Polysaccharide Production by Poria cosos

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 962-968
Author(s):  
Shuang Niu ◽  
Li Min Hao ◽  
Shu Xin Zhao ◽  
Fei Fei Wang ◽  
Chun Hui Du
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Growth Line ◽  
Flask Culture ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Exopolysaccharide Production ◽  
Initial Ph

This paper is an attempt to study the growth line of poria cocos through flask culture experiment, and leads to a discussion of different fermentation conditions. The optimum media for mycelial growth were determined as (g/l): glucose 60, peptone 10, KNO310, KH2PO43, and MgSO41; while for exopolysaccharide was (g/l), glucose 40, peptone 5, KNO35, KH2PO40.5, MgSO41. The optimum initial pH value of medium was 5.5, inoculation, 10% (v/v) and different liquid volume had minimal influence on the mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production.

A Graphic/Picture Classification Method Based on Spatial Characteristics of Colors

2012 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Sheng Yan Cai ◽  
Xuan Nie ◽  
Shu Qin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Classification Method ◽  
Color Management ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Classification Rules ◽  
Color Reproduction ◽  
Color Distribution ◽  
Color Characteristics ◽  
Different Color

In order to get optimum color reproduction results on different color devices in color management, a proper rendering intent should be selected according to color characteristics of the image. In terms of differences on color characteristics, images could be classified into synthetic graphics and natural pictures. Different rendering intent should be applied on graphics and pictures. So graphic/picture automatic classification becomes a fundamental task of color management intellectualization. Characteristics on color distribution of a large number of images have been researched in our experiments. Then it is confirmed that the essential difference between graphic and picture is the characteristics on color distribution in the neighborhood of images rather than the number of colors or the volume of image gamut. Thus, the features which have distinct ability to show the differences could be used to build classification rules. In this paper, several mathematical features of image are extracted and selected by their classification performance. Based on these features, the discriminant analysis is adopted to build up discriminated functions. Finally, the accuracy of the functions has been tested and the precision is 96.75%.

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