scholarly journals Unmanned aerial vehicles optimal airtime estimation for energy aware deployment in IoT-enabled fifth generation cellular networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saqib Majeed ◽  
Adnan Sohail ◽  
Kashif Naseer Qureshi ◽  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
Saleem Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Minimum Number

AbstractCellular networks based on new generation standards are the major enabler for Internet of things (IoT) communication. Narrowband-IoT and Long Term Evolution for Machines are the newest wide area network-based cellular technologies for IoT applications. The deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has gained the popularity in cellular networks by using temporary ubiquitous coverage in the areas where the infrastructure-based networks are either not available or have vanished due to some disasters. The major challenge in such networks is the efficient UAVs deployment that covers maximum users and area with the minimum number of UAVs. The performance and sustainability of UAVs is largely dependent upon the available residual energy especially in mission planning. Although energy harvesting techniques and efficient storage units are available, but these have their own constraints and the limited onboard energy still severely hinders the practical realization of UAVs. This paper employs neglected parameters of UAVs energy consumption in order to get actual status of available energy and proposed a solution that more accurately estimates the UAVs operational airtime. The proposed model is evaluated in test bed and simulation environment where the results show the consideration of such explicit usage parameters achieves significant improvement in airtime estimation.

scholarly journals IoT System Integrating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and LoRa Technology: A Performance Evaluation Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Martinez-Caro ◽  
M.-D. Cano
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Aerial Vehicles

Nowadays, the popularity of the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is high, and it is expected that, in the next years, the implementation of UAVs in day-to-day service will be even greater. These new implementations make use of novel technologies encompassed under the term Internet of Things (IoT). One example of these technologies is Long-Range (LoRa), classified as a Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) with low-cost, low-power consumption, large coverage area, and the possibility of a high number of connected devices. One fundamental part of a proper UAV-based IoT service deployment is performance evaluation. However, there is no standardized methodology for assessing the performance in these scenarios. This article presents a case study of an integrated UAV-LoRa system employed for air-quality monitoring. Each UAV is equipped with a set of sensors to measure several indicators of air pollution. In addition, each UAV also incorporates an embedded LoRa node for communication purposes. Given that mobility is key when evaluating the performance of these types of systems, we study eight different mobility models, focusing on the effect that the number of UAVs and their flying speed have on system performance. Through extensive simulations, performance is evaluated via multiple quality dimensions, encompassing the whole process from data acquisition to user experience. Results show that our performance evaluation methodology allows a complete understanding of the operation, and for this specific case study, the mobility model with the best performance is Pathway because the LoRa nodes are distributed and move orderly throughout the coverage area.

scholarly journals Monitoring System-Based Flying IoT in Public Health and Sports Using Ant-Enabled Energy-Aware Routing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Inam Ullah Khan ◽  
Muhammad Abul Hassan ◽  
Mohammad Dahman Alshehri ◽  
Mohammed Abdulaziz Ikram ◽  
Hasan J. Alyamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Remote Communication ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
High Level

In recent decades, the Internet of flying networks has made significant progress. Several aerial vehicles communicate with one another to form flying ad hoc networks. Unmanned aerial vehicles perform a wide range of tasks that make life easier for humans. However, due to the high frequency of mobile flying vehicles, network problems such as packet loss, latency, and perhaps disrupted channel links arise, affecting data delivery. The use of UAV-enabled IoT in sports has changed the dynamics of tracking and working on player safety. WBAN can be merged with aerial vehicles to collect data regarding health and transfer it to a base station. Furthermore, the unbalanced energy usage of flying things will result in earlier mission failure and a rapid decline in network lifespan. This study describes the use of each UAV’s residual energy level to ensure a high level of safety using an ant-based routing technique called AntHocNet. In health care, the use of IoT-assisted aerial vehicles would increase operational performance, surveillance, and automation optimization to provide a smart application of flying IoT. Apart from that, aerial vehicles can be used in remote communication for treatment, medical equipment distribution, and telementoring. While comparing routing algorithms, simulation findings indicate that the proposed ant-based routing protocol is optimal.

Scheduling UAV’s on Autonomous Charging Station

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Różycki ◽  
Tomasz Lemański ◽  
Joanna Józefowska
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Optimization Criterion ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Constant Energy ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Charging Current ◽  
Power Limit ◽  
Computing Module

The paper considers the concept of a charging station for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV, drone) fleet. The special feature of the station is its autonomy understood as independence from a constant energy source and an external module for managing its operation. It is assumed that the station gives the possibility to charge batteries of many drones simultaneously. However, the maximum number of simultaneously charged drones is limited by a temporary total charging current (i.e. there is a power limit). The paper proposes a mathematical model of charging a single drone battery. The problem of finding a schedule of charging tasks is formulated, in which the minimum time of the charging process for all drones is assumed as the optimization criterion. Searching for a solution to this problem is performed by an autonomous charging station with an appropriate computing module equipped with a Variable Speed Processor (VSP). To that end an appropriate algorithm is activated (i.e. a computational job), the execution of which consumes a certain amount of limited energy available to the charging station. In the paper we consider energy-aware execution of an implementation of an evolutionary algorithm (EA) as a computational job. The possibility of saving energy by controlling the CPU frequency of a VSP is analyzed. A characteristic feature of the processor is the non-linear relationship between the processing rate and electric power usage. According to this relationship, it turns out that slower execution of the computational job saves electrical energy consumed by the processor.

5G and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) Use Cases

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-69
Author(s):  
Georgios Makropoulos ◽  
Harilaos Koumaras ◽  
Fotini Setaki ◽  
Konstantinos Filis ◽  
Thomas Lutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Real World ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Communication Services ◽  
Autonomous Operation ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
And Control

In the past few years, UAVs have evolved considerably towards real-world applications, going beyond entertaining activities. The unique features that UAVs can provide, such as flexible and easy deployment, high mobility, and mostly autonomous operation, tend to be appealing solutions in a wide variety of applications. With the number of UAVs expected to increase significantly in the forthcoming years, it is deemed mandatory to integrate innovative features of communication technologies in order to tackle several limitations and challenges that exist to date. To this end, the amalgamation of UAVs and 5G cellular networks is an auspicious solution in order to realise the full potential that the UAVs can provide as well as to effectively open up new fields of applications. The unique features that 5G cellular networks offer are utilised for supporting and providing reliable and secure UAV command and control. This chapter provides an overview of the 5G technology to support communication services for the UAV ecosystem.

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