scholarly journals Detection of Fusobaterium nucleatum in feces and colorectal mucosa as a risk factor for colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Idrissi Janati ◽  
Igor Karp ◽  
Claudie Laprise ◽  
Hisham Sabri ◽  
Elham Emami
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Tissue Samples

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests a potentially important role of colorectal infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal carcinogenesis. We conducted a systematic review, including both a qualitative synthesis and a meta-analysis, to synthesize the evidence from the epidemiological literature on the association between F. nucleatum detection in the colon/rectum and CRC. Methods A systematic literature search of Ovid MEDLINE(R), Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, EBM Reviews—Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and CINAHL Plus with Full Text was conducted using earliest inclusive dates up to 4 October 2020. Eligible studies were original, comparative observational studies that reported results on colorectal F. nucleatum detection and CRC. Two independent reviewers extracted the relevant information. Odds ratio (OR) estimates were pooled across studies using the random effects model. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to critically appraise study quality. Results Twenty-four studies were included in the systematic review, of which 12 were included in the meta-analysis. Studies investigated F. nucleatum in feces, colorectal tissue samples, or both. In most studies included in the systematic review, the load of F. nucleatum was higher, on average, in specimens from CRC patients than in those from CRC-free controls. Meta-analysis showed a positive association between F. nucleatum detection in colorectal specimens and CRC (OR = 8.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 5.2 to 13.0). Conclusions The results of this systematic review suggest that F. nucleatum in the colon/rectum is associated with CRC. Systematic review registration This systematic review protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on July 10, 2018 (registration number CRD42018095866).

Effectiveness of Physiotherapy to Promote Motor Recovery in Individuals with Stroke: A Systematic Review Protocol

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehong Zhang ◽  
Hongyu Xie ◽  
Chuanjie Wang ◽  
Fengfeng Wu ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Systematic Review Protocol ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Review Protocol

Abstract Introduction: Motor function is essential in our daily lives, one of the most common impairments caused by stroke is loss of functional movement. Over 70% of stroke survivors have motor or other neurological functional disabilities. However, rehabilitation of motor function suffered from a stroke can be rather difficult due to the complexity of organs and systems related to motor function, as well as the neural system that supported motor function. In particularly, previous evidence for the effectiveness of physiotherapy, a commonly prescribed intervention method for people with stroke, that recover motor function in people following a stroke is varied and limited in the chronic rehabilitation phase and therefore has never been reviewed systematically. With the progress of study in neurology and the development of novel tools for rehabilitation, results from more and more clinical trials are now available, thus here justifying conducting a systematic review. Methods and analysis: This systematic review protocol is developed in accordance with the methodology recommended by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols, as well as the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Relevant studies will be identified by searching the databases. We will perform searches for relevant studies in databases, including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Cochrane Library databases. The reference lists of included articles and reviews will be searched manually. The date range parameters used in searching all databases will be restricted between January 2001 and January 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published will be included. The language used in the articles included was restricted to English. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions) approach will be used to systematically appraise the quality of methodology. We will assess the risk of bias of the RCTs included using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool and provide a qualitative synthesis. After that, we will consider conducting a meta-analysis if the final data across outcomes shows sufficient homogeneity. Ethics and dissemination: No ethical approval is needed as the proposed study does not involve the collection of primary data, and the results of this review will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. Trial registration number: CRD42021267069.

A systematic review of evidence for cannabis and cannabinoids as adjuvant therapy in palliative and supportive oncology care.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12091-12091
Author(s):  
Sebastian Jugl ◽  
Shailina Keshwani ◽  
Lauren Adkins ◽  
Coy D. Heldermon ◽  
Almut Winterstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Oncology Care

12091 Background: Medical cannabis use is increasing significantly in the United States as states reduce restrictions. However, ambiguity concerning the evidence for medical cannabis efficacy and safety, especially in the field of oncology, is persistent. Clinicians therefore face challenges in examining benefits and risks of medical cannabis as adjuvant treatment for cancer patients. This study identifies and evaluates the most recent available evidence for the efficacy of cannabis and cannabinoids as adjuvant in supportive and/or palliative use in patients with cancer. Methods: Electronic databases searched included PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to identify studies published following the latest available systematic review, between July 2016 through October 2019. Studies conducted outside the United States, studies not evaluating cannabis or cannabinoids in Oncology care, and preclinical studies were excluded. Findings were organized in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) framework. Lastly, qualitative synthesis was used to generate summary statements about the role of cannabis and cannabinoids as adjuvant in supportive and/or palliative cancer care. Results: We screened 2,267 articles and included 96 studies in our qualitative synthesis. Among those were 2 RCT’s (1 completed), 6 Systematic reviews with Meta-analysis, 4 Systematic reviews without Meta-analysis, 71 other types of reviews and 13 observational studies. The most frequently reported outcomes assessed were efficacy of cannabis and cannabinoids for: pain (40 of 96; 17 indicating improvement), nausea and vomiting (26 of 96; 20 indicating improvement), cachexia (22 of 96; 2 indicating improvement), and utilization patterns of cannabis and/or cannabinoids among cancer patients (8 of 96). Conclusions: Latest available prevalence estimates indicate that a significant proportion of patients in the United States with cancer use cannabis and/or cannabinoids (18.3-40.0%). There is substantial evidence for the effectiveness of cannabis and cannabinoids in treating cancer-related pain; specifically, oromucosal THC/CBD spray. There is conclusive evidence for the effectiveness of cannabis and cannabinoids in relieving chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting; specifically, oral THC. There is inconclusive evidence regarding the effectiveness of cannabis and cannabinoids in treating cancer-related cachexia.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake in Association with All-Cause Mortality and Colorectal Cancer Mortality among Colorectal Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3391
Author(s):  
Tung Hoang ◽  
Hyejin Kim ◽  
Jeongseon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality

We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effects of both prediagnostic and postdiagnostic dietary intake on all-cause mortality and CRC-specific mortality among CRC survivors. An extensive search of PubMed and Embase was conducted to identify eligible studies. We applied a random-effects model to estimate the pooled relative risks (RRs)/hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). As a result, a total of 45 studies were included in the final analysis. Pooled effect sizes from at least three study populations showed that whole grains and calcium were inversely associated with all-cause mortality, with RRs/HRs (95% CIs) of 0.83 (0.69–0.99) and 0.84 (0.73–0.97), respectively. In contrast, a positive association between an unhealthy dietary pattern and both all-cause mortality (RR/HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.05–2.05) and CRC-specific mortality (RR/HR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.13–2.06) was observed among CRC survivors. In the subgroup analysis by CRC diagnosis, prediagnostic and postdiagnostic dietary intake such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and fiber were observed to have different effects on all-cause mortality. Overall, an unhealthy dietary pattern increased the risks of both all-cause mortality and CRC-specific mortality. The role of prediagnostic and postdiagnostic intake of dietary elements such as macronutrients and fatty acids could be different in the risk of all-cause mortality.

scholarly journals Fecal fusobacterium nucleatum for detecting colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Huang ◽  
Yonghai Peng ◽  
Fangwei Xie
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum ( Fn) for detecting colorectal cancer. It is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to focus exclusively on fecal Fn for colorectal cancer. Materials and methods: Comprehensive searches of several databases before January 2018 were conducted. Fecal Fn for detecting colorectal cancer was evaluated via pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the curve. Heterogeneity was explored using meta-regression and subgroup analyses. The publication bias and the overall quality of evidence were also analyzed. Results: Our analysis included six papers containing seven case-control studies in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64, 0.72) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.75, 0.81), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio in detecting colorectal cancer were 2.87 (95% CI 1.62, 5.10) and 0.40 (95% CI 0.30, 0.54) respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio (OR) was 8.75 (95% CI 4.86, 15.78) and the area under the curve was 0.80. A subgroup analysis showed that in Asia, the colorectal cancer sample size ⩾50 had higher specificity (specificity 0.85, 95% CI 0.80, 0.88). No publication bias existed. The GRADEpro showed a moderate level of the available evidence. Conclusions: Compared to other examinations, the fecal Fn test seems a good choice for detecting colorectal cancer. It also has better diagnostic performance in Asians. However, more clinical trials with large sample sizes and strict randomization are needed to further verify the evidence.

scholarly journals Misuse of medication in adult substance misuse services: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e047283
Author(s):  
Rosalind Gittins ◽  
Louise Missen ◽  
Ian Maidment
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThere is a growing concern about the misuse of over the counter (OTC) and prescription only medication (POM) because of the impact on physical and mental health, drug interactions, overdoses and drug-related deaths. These medicines include opioid analgesics, anxiolytics such as pregabalin and diazepam and antidepressants. This protocol outlines how a systematic review will be undertaken (during June 2021), which aims to examine the literature on the pattern of OTC and POM misuse among adults who are accessing substance misuse treatment services. It will include the types of medication being taken, prevalence and demographic characteristics of people who access treatment services.Methods and analysisAn electronic search will be conducted on the Cochrane, OVID Medline, Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases as well as grey literature. Two independent reviewers will conduct the initial title and abstract screenings, using predetermined criteria for inclusion and exclusion. If selected for inclusion, full-text data extraction will be conducted using a pilot-tested data extraction form. A third reviewer will resolve disagreements if consensus cannot be reached. Quality and risk of bias assessment will be conducted for all included studies. A qualitative synthesis and summary of the data will be provided. If possible, a meta-analysis with heterogeneity calculation will be conducted; otherwise, Synthesis Without Meta-analysis will be undertaken for quantitative data. The reporting of this protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. Findings will be peer reviewed, published and shared verbally, electronically and in print, with interested clinicians and policymakers.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020135216.

scholarly journals Association between colorectal cancer and Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis bacteria in Iranian patients: a preliminary study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aref Shariati ◽  
Shabnam Razavi ◽  
Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad ◽  
Behnaz Jahanbin ◽  
Abolfazl Akbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Clinicopathologic Characteristics ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Adjacent Normal Mucosa ◽  
Iranian Patients

Abstract Background and aim Recent studies have proposed that commensal bacteria might be involved in the development and progression of gastrointestinal disorders such as colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, in this study, the relative abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides fragilis, Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus, and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in CRC tissues, and their association with clinicopathologic characteristics of CRC was investigated in Iranian patients. Moreover, the role of these bacteria in the CRC-associated mutations including PIK3CA, KRAS, and BRAF was studied. Method To these ends, the noted bacteria were quantified in paired tumors and normal tissue specimens of 30 CRC patients, by TaqMan quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Next, possible correlations between clinicopathologic factors and mutations in PIK3CA, KRAS, and BRAF genes were analyzed. Results In studied samples, B. fragilis was the most abundant bacteria that was detected in 66 and 60% of paired tumor and normal samples, respectively. Furthermore, 15% of the B. fragilis-positive patients were infected with Enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF) in both adenocarcinoma and matched adjacent normal samples. F. nucleatum was also identified in 23% of tumors and 13% of adjacent normal tissue samples. Moreover, the relative abundance of these bacteria determined by 2-ΔCT was significantly higher in CRC samples than in adjacent normal mucosa (p < 0.05). On the other hand, our findings indicated that S. gallolyticus and EPEC, compared to adjacent normal mucosa, were not prevalent in CRC tissues. Finally, our results revealed a correlation between F. nucleatum-positive patients and the KRAS mutation (p = 0.02), while analyses did not show any association between bacteria and mutation in PIK3CA and BRAF genes. Conclusion The present study is the first report on the analysis of different bacteria in CRC tissue samples of Iranian patients. Our findings revealed that F. nucleatum and B. fragilis might be linked to CRC. However, any link between gut microbiome dysbiosis and CRC remains unknown.

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