scholarly journals Same-day antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation and associated factors among HIV positive people in Northwest Ethiopia: baseline characteristics of prospective cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurilign Abebe Moges ◽  
Olubukola Adeponle Adesina ◽  
Micheal A. Okunlola ◽  
Yemane Berhane
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Hiv Test

Abstract Background Despite a well-established fact that same-day or rapid ART initiation after a positive HIV test result is vital for faster viral suppression and for prevention of further sexual transmissions of HIV, there is a paucity of evidence on the uptake of same-day ART initiation among newly HIV diagnosed people in Northwest, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 1st, 2018 and July 30, 2019. About 759 newly HIV diagnosed adults were recruited from 24 health facilities. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were entered using EPI-Data and exported to SPSS and STATA software for further analysis. Bivariate logistic regression was used to select candidate variables at p-value less than 0.25 for multivariate logistic regression. Then adjusted odds ratio with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) at p-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare the statistical associations between the dependent and independent variables. Result Magnitude of same-day ART initiation was 318 (41.90%) [(95% CI, 38.2–45.20%)]. Factors associated with same-day ART initiation were: Patients resided in West Gojjam Zone were 2.04 times more likely to initiate same-day ART compared to those in Bahir Dar city administration [AOR = 2.04 (1.04–3.97)], patients in the health centers were 3.06 times more likely to initiate same-day ART initiation compared to those in the hospitals [AOR = 3.06 (1.90–4.92)] and Patients who were diagnosed their HIV status at the same health facility where they linked for ART were 2.16 times more likely to initiate ART at the same-day of diagnosis [AOR = 2.16 (91.24–3.74)]. Moreover, patients with no opportunistic infection [AOR = 2.08 (1.04–4.19)] and pregnant women [AOR = 3.97 (1.78–8.87)] were more likely to initiate ART same-day of diagnosis. Conclusions Same-day ART initiation was low among HIV patients in Ethiopia. Patients attending their treatment at hospitals and those from big city (Bahir Dar) were less likely to initiate same-day ART. Clinical factors such as having opportunistic infections and non-pregnancy status affected the immediate initiation of treatment. HIV positive people who seek care in hospitals and those tested HIV positive from another health facilities in which they did not intend to continue their ART follow-up care need special attention.

scholarly journals Magnitudes of post-abortion family planning utilization and associated factors among women who seek abortion service in Bahir Dar Town health facilities, Northwest Ethiopia, facility-based cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244808
Author(s):  
Amsalu Muchie ◽  
Fentie Ambaw Getahun ◽  
Yibeltal Alemu Bekele ◽  
Tsion Samual ◽  
Tebkew Shibabaw
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
P Value ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vacuum Aspiration ◽  
Manual Vacuum Aspiration ◽  
Post Abortion

Introduction Globally an estimated 55.9 million abortions occur each year. The majority of abortions occur due to unintended pregnancies, which is a result of the non-use of family planning methods. World health organization recommends all clients to utilize modern contraceptive methods after any abortion procedure. However, post-abortion family planning utilization is still low in Ethiopia including the study area. Therefore, this study was expected to determine the utilization of post-abortion family planning and associated factors in Bahir Dar city health facilities in Northwest Ethiopia. Method Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 408 women from March 1 to April 30, 2019. Data were collected through face-to-face interview using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire. Systematic random sampling was used to select the study participants. Data were cleaned, coded, and entered into epi data and exported to SPSS for further analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were employed. Those variables that had a p-value of less than 0.2 during the bivariate analysis were retained for the multivariable analysis. P-value and confidence interval were used to measure the level of significance on multi-variable analysis and those variables whose P-value, less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The finding of this study showed that the magnitude of post-abortion family planning (PAFP) utilization was 61% with 95% CI (55, 65). Secondary education level(AOR, 4.58; 95% CI (1.96, 10.69)), certificate and above education level (AOR, 3.06; 95% CI (1.32, 7.08)), Manual Vacuum Aspiration(MVA) (AOR, 7.05; 95% CI (2.94, 16.90)), both medication and Manual Vacuum Aspiration (AOR, 5.34; 95% CI (2.56, 11.13)) and received Post Abortion Family Planning (PAFP) counseling (AOR, 5.99; 95% CI (3.23, 11.18)) were significantly associated with PAFP utilization. Conclusion Post-abortion family planning utilization in Bahir Dar health facilities was low compared with the national figure. Secondary and above educational level, respondents who were managed by Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA), both Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA) and medication and receiving Post Abortion Family Planning (PAFP) counseling were predictors of post-abortion family planning service utilization.

scholarly journals Clinical and Obstetric Risk Factors for Postnatal Depression in HIV Positive Women: A Cross Sectional Study in Health Facilities in Rural KwaZulu-Natal

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8425
Author(s):  
Nontokozo Lilian Mbatha ◽  
Kebogile Elizabeth Mokwena ◽  
Sphiwe Madiba
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Positive Women

Postnatal depression (PND) remains underdiagnosed and undertreated in different socio-economic backgrounds in South Africa. This study determined the prevalence of and clinical and obstetric risk factors for PND symptoms among HIV positive women in health facilities in a rural health district in South Africa. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to measure PND from 386 women who had delivered a live infant. More than half (58.5%) tested HIV positive during the current pregnancy. The prevalence of PND symptoms was 42.5%. Logistic regression analysis yielded significant associations between clinical and obstetric variables of pre-term baby (p-value < 0.01), baby health status p-value < 0.01), baby hospitalization, (p-value < 0.01), and knowing the baby’s HIV status (p-value = 0.047). Maternal variables associated with PND were level of education (p-value < 0.01), monthly income (p-value < 0.01), and source of income (p-value = 0.05). At multivariate analysis, none of the clinical and obstetrical risk factors were independently associated with the PND. The high prevalence of PND symptoms underscore the need to integrate routine screening for PND in prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV programmes to enable early diagnosing and treatment of PND.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among school children in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248936
Author(s):  
Abel Sinshaw Assem ◽  
Mebratu Mulusew Tegegne ◽  
Sofonias Addis Fekadu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Outdoor Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working Distance

Background Myopia is the leading cause of correctable visual impairment and preventable blindness worldwide. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of myopia. Myopia is appearing with greater prevalence in young children. Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of myopia among school children in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019. Methods and materials A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among school children of 6 to 18 years of age in Bahir Dar city from October to November 2019. A pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data among 634 participants using a multi-stage sampling technique from primary and secondary schools. Cycloplegic refraction was performed by optometrists for each student with 1% cyclopentolate eye drop, and subjective refraction was carried out to determine the final prescription of the students. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refractive error of ≥ 0.5 diopter in either eye. Data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 for analysis. Tables, frequency, and mean were used for descriptive statistics. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify risk factors of myopia. Odds ratio with 95% confidence level was determined and variables with p–value of < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results Among a total of 601 study participants, 51 (8.49%) were myopic. Age group of 10–13 years (AOR = 6.54: 95% CI = 5.56–10.86), 14–18 years (AOR = 6.32: 95% CI = 5.32–9.69), 2–4 hour per day mobile exposure (AOR = 3.69: 95% CI = 1.63–8.38), > 4 hour per day mobile exposure (AOR = 11.6: 95% CI = 4.41–30.42), near working distance of < 33 centimeter (AOR = 6.89: 95% CI = 2.71–17.56) and outdoor activity (AOR = 3.94: 95% CI = 1.87–8.31) were significantly associated with myopia. Conclusions The prevalence of myopia was high among school children in Bahir Dar city. Older age, longer duration of mobile exposure, shorter near working distance were the risk factors for the development of myopia whereas having outdoor activity was the protective factor.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding Technique and Associated Factors among Lactating Mothers Visiting Gondar Town Health Facilities, Northwest Ethiopia: Observational method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Destaye Guadie Kassie ◽  
Boko Loka Safayi ◽  
Nega Tezera Assimamaw
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Gondar Town

Abstract Background The breastfeeding technique (BFT) is explained positioning, attachment, and suckling during breastfeeding. Ineffective BFT is one of the factors leading to premature discontinuation of breastfeeding and malnutrition. There is a limited study on the assessments of BFT and associated factors among lactating mothers in the study area. Therefore, the study aimed to assess breastfeeding technique and the associated factors among lactating mothers visiting Gondar town health facilities, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 20th to March 20th, 2020. An observational checklist and structured interviewer-administered questionnaire were used to collect the data. The data were entered into Epi-Data 4.6 version and transferred to analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to identify the association. The strength of association was identified using an odds ratio with a 95 % confidence interval (CI), and a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was declare as statistically significant. Results The proportion of effective BFT was 48% (95%, CI: 43.0%- 53.0%). The likelihood of applying proper BFT was reduced by 70% (AOR = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.11–0.83) among the age group < 20 compared to the age group > 30 years. The odds of effective BFT in primipara mothers were 49% (AOR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.32–0.82) lower compared to multiparous mothers. Likewise, the likelihood of effective BFT was 55% (AOR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.29–0.70) times lower in women who had no counseling immediately after delivery compared to their counterparts. Moreover, effective BFT was reduced by 78% (AOR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.07–0.68) times in mothers with breast problem and 46% (AOR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.30–0.97) less in mothers who bottle-fed their baby compared breast-milk mothers. Conclusion Just under half of the women in the study area applied proper BFT. Younger mothers and primipara mothers poorly performed to effective BFT. Likewise, women having counseling during ANC follow-up and immediately after delivery, similar to not having breast problems and bottle feeding practices BFT effectively. Hence, special emphasis should be given to younger and primipara mothers. Besides, preventing breast problems and working on enhancing counseling would improve BFT.

scholarly journals Late ART Initiation among adult HIV patients at university of Gondar Hospital, NorthWest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2324-2334
Author(s):  
Degefaye Zelalem Anlay ◽  
Bewket Tadesse Tiruneh
Keyword(s):  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Art Initiation

Introduction: Late initiation of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is associated with low immunologic response, increase morbidity, mortality and hospitalization. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with late ART initiation among adult HIV patients in NorthWest Ethiopia.Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 412 HIV patients who started ART between January/2009 and December/2014. Simple random sampling technique was used to select patient records. Data were collected by using pretested and structured extraction tool. Binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with late ART initiation.Result: A total of 410 participants were included for analysis after excluding 2 participants with incomplete data. The prevalence of late ART initiation was 67.3%. Age between 35-44 years(AOR=3.85; 95%CI:1.68-8.82), duration between testing and enrollment to care<1year (AOR=2.19;95%CI:1.30-3.69), secondary education (AOR=2.59; 95%CI 1.36-4.94), teritary education(AOR=3.28; 95%CI 1.25-8.64), being unmarried(AOR=1.88; 95%CI 1.13-3.03), bedridden and ambulatory patients (AOR=4.68 95%CI:1.49-14.68), other medication use before ART initiation(AOR=2.18; 95%CI 1.07-4.44), starting ART between 2009-2010 (AOR=5.94; 95%CI 2.74-12.87) and 2011-2012(AOR=2.80; 95%CI 1.31-5.96) were significantly associated with late ART initation at p-value <0.05.Conclusion: The prevalence of late ART initiation was high. Strengthening the mechanisms of early HIV testing and linkage to care are recommended to initiate treatment earlier.Keywords: Associated factors, Late ART initiation, Ethiopia.

Frequency of HIV in Patients with Central Nervous System Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahsan Ashfaq
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Cns Tuberculosis

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most widely recognized reason for death in patients of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS continue to be on an increase in Pakistan. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of HIV among patients with Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis as its progression to AIDS significantly influences mortality in these patients. The main objective of the study was to determine the frequency of HIV among patients with CNS tuberculosis. Methods: This Cross-Sectional study was conducted at Medicine Wards of Civil Hospital, Karachi from 7th October 2016 to 7th April 2017. A total of 140 newly diagnosed Central Nervous System tuberculosis patients were included. Blood sample collected for HIV test (ELISA) was interpreted as either: Reactive for HIV or Non-reactive for HIV. HIV infection was considered as HIV positive by using 3 Rapid Diagnostic testing kits according to guidelines of World Health Organization (WHO). All the patient data were collected through a pre-designed proforma. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.23.0. Chi-square test was applied post stratification with p- value≤0.05 taken as statistically significant. Results: Sixteen patients (11.43%) of CNS tuberculosis were found to have HIV positive results. Out of total 140 patients, 50(35.71%) were female and 90(64.29%) were male. The average age of the patients was 39.37±12.8 years. Conclusion: CNS tuberculosis can be the primary clinical manifestation of HIV positive patients. Early recognizable proof of HIV in patients with CNS tuberculosis may warrant early inception of anti-HIV treatment.

scholarly journals Complementary feeding hygiene practice and associated factors among mothers with children aged 6–24 months in tegedie district, Northwest Ethiopia: Community-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtam ayenew Teshome ◽  
Walelegn Worku Yallew ◽  
Jember Azanaw ◽  
Gardew ayanew Tadege ◽  
Agerie Mengistie zeleke
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hygiene Practice ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract IntroductionThe hygienic practices of mothers during complementary feeding are crucial in the protection of vulnerable infants and children aged 6–24 months from childhood communicable diseases like diarrhea and malnutrition. However, sufficient evidence on the hygienic practices of mothers during complementary feeding and their associated factors is limited.ObjectiveTo determine the levels of complementary feeding hygiene practice and its associated factors among mothers of children aged 6–24 months in the Tegedie district, northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 17 to April 17, 2021, among 576 mothers with children aged 6–24 months in the Tegedie district, northwest Ethiopia. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered by an interviewer and entered into Epi-data version 4.6 before being exported to SPSS version 20.0 for data cleaning and further analysis. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were employed to identify predictors of complementary feeding hygiene practice with p-value < 0.25 that entered into the multivariable logistic regression model. Then variables with a p-value of 0.05 in multivariable logistic regressions were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of hygienic practice during complementary feeding of their children aged 6–24 months was 33.6%, with 95% CI 29.7–37.6%) of them had good practice. Living in an urban area [AOR=7.02, 95% CI: (4.14, 11.88)], the presence of a handwashing facility near the latrine [AOR = 3.02, 95% CI: (1.18, 7.70)], the presence of a separate area to store raw and cooked foods [AOR = 5.87, 95% CI: (2.84, 12.13)], and the presence of a three-compartment dish washing system [AOR = 5.70,Conclusion and recommendationThe prevalence of good hygienic practices during complementary feeding among mothers is still low; the district health office and health extension workers should work to improve maternal hygienic practices during complementary feeding.

scholarly journals INCIDENCE OF RIFAMPICIN-RESISTANCE PRESUMPTIVE M. TUBERCULOSIS CASES AMONG OUTPATIENTS IN KEBBI STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bashar Danlami ◽  
Basiru Aliyu ◽  
Grace Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rifampicin Resistance ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Background: The present study determined the incidence of rifampicin resistance M. tuberculosis among outpatients at the General Hospital Yauri, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study conducted from February 2018 to October 2019. Sociodemographic data were collected from hospital registration books. Rifampicin resistance M. tuberculosis was detected using GeneXpert Model GX-IV following manufacturers' instruction. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were computed using SPSS version 20. The results were presented as odds ratios with associated 95% confidence intervals, and P-value at 0.05. Result: Of the 837 samples, 65.8% (551/837) were males, and 34.2% (286/837) females, 11.4% (95/837) HIV-seropositive. M. tuberculosis was detected in 15.5% (130/837), of which 116/130 (89.23%) were males and 14/130 (10.77%) females. M. tuberculosis¬-HIV coinfection was detected in 9.47% (9/95) of HIV positive. Rifampicin resistance was observed in 1.3% (11/837), 7.7% (10/130) in M. tuberculosis patients and 1.05% (1/94) in HIV seropositive. In logistic regression, the odds ratio for having a rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis was 0.49 (0.15-1.54) for > 30 years; taking <30 years as the reference value, 1.02 (1.00-1.03) for male; taking female as the reference value, and 0.78 (0.09-6.15) for HIV positive, taking negative as the reference value. Conclusion: This study reported the current incidence rate of rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis at the General Hospital Yelwa Yauri, Kebbi State, Nigeria, among presumptive TB patients. Patients diagnosed with rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis were predominantly male adults. Thus, frequent screening is vital for surveillance and reduces the risk of transmission and spread of M. tuberculosis infections.

scholarly journals Health extension service utilization and associated factors in East Gojjam zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256418
Author(s):  
Bewket Yeserah Aynalem ◽  
Misganaw Fikrie Melesse
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Service Utilization ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
P Value ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extension Package ◽  
Model Family

Introduction Health Extension Program is a preventive, promotive, and basic curative service targeting households to improve the health status of families with the effective implementation of 16 health extension packages. We, therefore, did this study to assess health extension package utilization and associated factors in the East Gojjam zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based mixed cross-sectional study was conducted on households of East Gojjam Zone, from January 1 to April 30, 2020. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 806 study participants in this study. We used EPI info version 7 for data entry and SPSS version 24 software for cleaning and analysis. Variables having a P-value of less than 0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression analysis were fitted into the multivariable logistic regression model. The 95% confidence interval of odds ratio was computed and a variable having P-value less than 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis was considered as statistically significant. Results The study showed that 119 (14.8%) respondents have utilized health extension packages. Knowledge health extension package (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.79), residence (AOR = 3.55, 95% CI: 1.99,6.33),visited health post(AOR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.054,2.50), home visited by health extension worker (AOR = 1,68, 95% CI: 1.025,2.74) and involving in model family training(AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.38,3.215) were significant factors for health extension service utilization. Conclusion The magnitude of health extension service utilization was low since the Ethiopian government recommends 100% health extension service utilization coverage. Knowledge of health extension package, residence, health post-visit, home visit, and model family training were significant factors for health extension service utilization. So expanding the model family training and strict home-to-home visit especially in rural areas may increase the health extension package utilization.

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