scholarly journals Urban wastewater bacterial communities assemble into seasonal steady states

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Lou LaMartina ◽  
Aurash A. Mohaimani ◽  
Ryan J. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Novel Ecosystem ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Us Cities ◽  
Influent Wastewater

Abstract Background Microorganisms in urban sanitary sewers exhibit community properties that suggest sewers are a novel ecosystem. Sewer microorganisms present both an opportunity as a control point for wastewater treatment and a risk to human health. If treatment processes are to be improved and health risks quantified, then it is necessary to understand microbial distributions and dynamics within this community. Here, we use 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize raw influent wastewater bacterial communities in a 5-year time series from two wastewater treatment plants in Milwaukee, WI; influent wastewater from 77 treatment plants across the USA; and wastewater in 12 Milwaukee residential sewers. Results In Milwaukee, we find that in transit from residences to treatment plants, the human bacterial component of wastewater decreases in proportion and exhibits stochastic temporal variation. In contrast, the resident sewer community increases in abundance during transit and cycles seasonally according to changes in wastewater temperature. The result is a bacterial community that assembles into two distinct community states each year according to the extremes in wastewater temperature. Wastewater bacterial communities from other northern US cities follow temporal trends that mirror those in Milwaukee, but southern US cities have distinct community compositions and differ in their seasonal patterns. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that environmental conditions associated with seasonal change and climatic differences related to geography predictably structure the bacterial communities residing in below-ground sewer pipes.

scholarly journals The capacity of wastewater treatment plants drives bacterial community structure and its assembly

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Kyung Kim ◽  
Keunje Yoo ◽  
Min Sung Kim ◽  
Il Han ◽  
Minjoo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rrna Gene

Abstract Bacterial communities in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) affect plant functionality through their role in the removal of pollutants from wastewater. Bacterial communities vary extensively based on plant operating conditions and influent characteristics. The capacity of WWTPs can also affect the bacterial community via variations in the organic or nutrient composition of the influent. Despite the importance considering capacity, the characteristics that control bacterial community assembly are largely unknown. In this study, we discovered that bacterial communities in WWTPs in Korea and Vietnam, which differ remarkably in capacity, exhibit unique structures and interactions that are governed mainly by the capacity of WWTPs. Bacterial communities were analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and exhibited clear differences between the two regions, with these differences being most pronounced in activated sludge. We found that capacity contributed the most to bacterial interactions and community structure, whereas other factors had less impact. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that microorganisms from high-capacity WWTPs are more interrelated than those from low-capacity WWTPs, which corresponds to the tighter clustering of bacterial communities in Korea. These results will contribute to the understanding of bacterial community assembly in activated sludge processing.

scholarly journals “Candidatus Dechloromonas phosphoritropha” and “Ca. D. phosphorivorans”, novel polyphosphate accumulating organisms abundant in wastewater treatment systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Petriglieri ◽  
Caitlin Singleton ◽  
Miriam Peces ◽  
Jette F. Petersen ◽  
Marta Nierychlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms

AbstractMembers of the genus Dechloromonas are often abundant in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems and are recognized putative polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), but their role in phosphate removal is still unclear. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to investigate the abundance and distribution of Dechloromonas spp. in Danish and global wastewater treatment plants. The two most abundant species worldwide revealed in situ dynamics of important intracellular storage polymers, measured by FISH-Raman in activated sludge from four full-scale EBPR plants and from a lab-scale reactor fed with different substrates. Moreover, seven distinct Dechloromonas species were determined from a set of ten high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from Danish EBPR plants, each encoding the potential for polyphosphate (poly-P), glycogen, and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) accumulation. The two species exhibited an in situ phenotype in complete accordance with the metabolic information retrieved by the MAGs, with dynamic levels of poly-P, glycogen, and PHA during feast-famine anaerobic–aerobic cycling, legitimately placing these microorganisms among the important PAOs. They are potentially involved in denitrification showing niche partitioning within the genus and with other important PAOs. As no isolates are available for the two species, we propose the names Candidatus Dechloromonas phosphoritropha and Candidatus Dechloromonas phosphorivorans.

scholarly journals Bacteria from the Genus Arcobacter Are Abundant in Effluent from Wastewater Treatment Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannie Munk Kristensen ◽  
Marta Nierychlo ◽  
Mads Albertsen ◽  
Per Halkjær Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Influent Wastewater

ABSTRACT Pathogenic bacteria in wastewater are generally considered to be efficiently removed in biological wastewater treatment plants. This understanding is almost solely based on culture-based control measures, and here we show, by applying culture-independent methods, that the removal of species in the genus Arcobacter was less effective than for many other abundant genera in the influent wastewater. Arcobacter was one of the most abundant genera in influent wastewater at 14 municipal wastewater treatment plants and was also abundant in the “clean” effluent from all the plants, reaching up to 30% of all bacteria as analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Metagenomic analyses, culturing, genome sequencing of Arcobacter isolates, and visualization by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed the presence of the human-pathogenic Arcobacter cryaerophilus and A. butzleri in both influent and effluent. The main reason for the high relative abundance in the effluent was probably that Arcobacter cells, compared to those of other abundant genera in the influent, did not flocculate and attach well to the activated sludge flocs, leaving a relatively large fraction dispersed in the water phase. The study shows there is an urgent need for new standardized culture-independent measurements of pathogens in effluent wastewaters, e.g., amplicon sequencing, and an investigation of the problem on a global scale to quantify the risk for humans and livestock. IMPORTANCE The genus Arcobacter was unexpectedly abundant in the effluent from 14 Danish wastewater treatment plants treating municipal wastewater, and the species included the human-pathogenic A. cryaerophilus and A. butzleri. Recent studies have shown that Arcobacter is common in wastewater worldwide, so the study indicates that discharge of members of the genus Arcobacter may be a global problem, and further studies are needed to quantify the risk and potentially minimize the discharge. The study also shows that culture-based analyses are insufficient for proper effluent quality control, and new standardized culture-independent measurements of effluent quality encompassing most pathogens should be considered.

scholarly journals Interplay between Fungal Infection and Bacterial Associates in the Wax Moth Galleria mellonella under Different Temperature Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Vadim Yu Kryukov ◽  
Elena Kosman ◽  
Oksana Tomilova ◽  
Olga Polenogova ◽  
Ulyana Rotskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cultivable Bacteria ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Various insect bacterial associates are involved in pathogeneses caused by entomopathogenic fungi. The outcome of infection (fungal growth or decomposition) may depend on environmental factors such as temperature. The aim of this study was to analyze the bacterial communities and immune response of Galleria mellonella larvae injected with Cordyceps militaris and incubated at 15 °C and 25 °C. We examined changes in the bacterial CFUs, bacterial communities (Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing) and expression of immune, apoptosis, ROS and stress-related genes (qPCR) in larval tissues in response to fungal infection at the mentioned temperatures. Increased survival of larvae after C. militaris injection was observed at 25 °C, although more frequent episodes of spontaneous bacteriosis were observed at this temperature compared to 15 °C. We revealed an increase in the abundance of enterococci and enterobacteria in the midgut and hemolymph in response to infection at 25 °C, which was not observed at 15 °C. Antifungal peptide genes showed the highest expression at 25 °C, while antibacterial peptides and inhibitor of apoptosis genes were strongly expressed at 15 °C. Cultivable bacteria significantly suppressed the growth of C. militaris. We suggest that fungi such as C. militaris may need low temperatures to avoid competition with host bacterial associates.

Effect of bamboo vinegar powder as an antibiotic alternative on the digesta bacteria communities of finishing pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 732-743
Author(s):  
Huan Qu ◽  
Yanjie Huang ◽  
Yinghao Shi ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Shenglong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Bacteria Communities

This study investigated the use for bamboo vinegar powder as an antibiotic alternative in the diet of growing–finishing pigs by examining their digestive bacterial communities. Forty-five Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire growing–finishing pigs were randomly allocated to five diet groups: 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, or 1.5% bamboo vinegar levels and antibiotics. After 37 days, the digesta in duodenum of four pigs from each treatment were analyzed for their bacterial community compositions using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The addition of 1.5% bamboo vinegar powder had an effect on the intestinal microflora most similar to that of antibiotics, indicating its potential to promote the growth and development of finishing pigs. We also found the 1.5% bamboo vinegar powder group to have an increased abundance of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes compared with the other bamboo vinegar powder groups, which may enhance the ability of the host to absorb food energy and store more body fat. Additionally, the effects of bamboo vinegar powder on promoting the abundances of Lactobacillus and Thalassospira and on inhibiting Streptococcus and Prevotella growth revealed it may play an important role in animal production. Moreover, functional predictions of microbes via PICRUSt indicated that feed supplemented with 1.5% bamboo vinegar powder could promote many vital metabolic pathways.

scholarly journals Loss of bacterial diversity in the sinuses is associated with lower smell discrimination scores

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi Biswas ◽  
Brett Wagner Mackenzie ◽  
Charlotte Ballauf ◽  
Julia Draf ◽  
Richard G. Douglas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Olfactory Loss ◽  
Olfactory Impairment ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Normal Sense

Abstract Olfactory impairment affects ~ 20% of the population and has been linked to various serious disorders. Microbes in the nasal cavity play a key role in priming the physiology of the olfactory epithelium and maintaining a normal sense of smell by the host. The aim of this study was to explore the link between olfactory dysfunction and nasal bacterial communities. A total of 162 subjects were recruited for this study from a specialized olfactory dysfunction clinic and placed into one of three groups: anosmia, hyposmia or normosmia. Swabs from the nasal middle meatus were collected from each subject then processed for bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. No overall differences in bacterial diversity or composition were observed between the three cohorts in this study. However, the relative abundances of Corynebacterium spp. and Streptococcus spp. were significantly (p < 0.05) different in subjects with olfactory loss. Furthermore, subjects with deficiencies in discriminating between smells (based on discrimination scores) had a lower bacterial diversity (Simpson’s evenness p < 0.05). While these results are preliminary in nature, potential bacterial biomarkers for olfactory loss were identified. These findings need to be further validated and biologically tested in animal models.

scholarly journals Heliconius Butterflies Host Characteristic and Phylogenetically Structured Adult-Stage Microbiomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobin J. Hammer ◽  
Jacob C. Dickerson ◽  
W. Owen McMillan ◽  
Noah Fierer
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Passion Vine

ABSTRACT Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) are diverse and ecologically important, yet we know little about how they interact with microbes as adults. Due to metamorphosis, the form and function of their adult-stage microbiomes might be very different from those of microbiomes in the larval stage (caterpillars). We studied adult-stage microbiomes of Heliconius and closely related passion-vine butterflies (Heliconiini), which are an important model system in evolutionary biology. To characterize the structure and dynamics of heliconiine microbiomes, we used field collections of wild butterflies, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, quantitative PCR, and shotgun metagenomics. We found that Heliconius butterflies harbor simple and abundant bacterial communities that are moderately consistent among conspecific individuals and over time. Heliconiine microbiomes also exhibited a strong signal of the host phylogeny, with a major distinction between Heliconius and other butterflies. These patterns were largely driven by differing relative abundances of bacterial phylotypes shared among host species and genera, as opposed to the presence or absence of host-specific phylotypes. We suggest that the phylogenetic structure in heliconiine microbiomes arises from conserved host traits that differentially filter microbes from the environment. While the relative importance of different traits remains unclear, our data indicate that pollen feeding (unique to Heliconius) is not a primary driver. Using shotgun metagenomics, we also discovered trypanosomatids and microsporidia to be prevalent in butterfly guts, raising the possibility of antagonistic interactions between eukaryotic parasites and colocalized gut bacteria. Our discovery of characteristic and phylogenetically structured microbiomes provides a foundation for tests of adult-stage microbiome function, a poorly understood aspect of lepidopteran biology. IMPORTANCE Many insects host microbiomes with important ecological functions. However, the prevalence of this phenomenon is unclear because in many insect taxa, microbiomes have been studied in only part of the life cycle, if at all. A prominent example is butterflies and moths, in which the composition and functional role of adult-stage microbiomes are largely unknown. We comprehensively characterized microbiomes in adult passion-vine butterflies. Butterfly-associated bacterial communities are generally abundant in guts, consistent within populations, and composed of taxa widely shared among hosts. More closely related butterflies harbor more similar microbiomes, with the most dramatic shift in microbiome composition occurring in tandem with a suite of ecological and life history traits unique to the genus Heliconius. Butterflies are also frequently infected with previously undescribed eukaryotic parasites, which may interact with bacteria in important ways. These findings advance our understanding of butterfly biology and insect-microbe interactions generally.

scholarly journals Changes of Bacterial Communities in Response to Prolonged Hydrodynamic Disturbances in the Eutrophic Water-Sediment Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3868
Author(s):  
Haomiao Cheng ◽  
Ling Cheng ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Tengyi Zhu ◽  
Wei Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Ecological Evaluation ◽  
Eutrophic Water ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Opposite Tendency

The effects of hydrodynamic disturbances on the bacterial communities in eutrophic aquatic environments remain poorly understood, despite their importance to ecological evaluation and remediation. This study investigated the evolution of bacterial communities in the water–sediment systems under the influence of three typical velocity conditions with the timescale of 5 weeks. The results demonstrated that higher bacterial diversity and notable differences were detected in sediment compared to water using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The phyla Firmicutes and γ-Proteobacteria survived better in both water and sediment under stronger water disturbances. Their relative abundance peaked at 36.0%, 33.2% in water and 38.0%, 43.6% in sediment, respectively, while the phylum Actinobacteria in water had the opposite tendency. Its relative abundance grew rapidly in static control (SC) and peaked at 44.8%, and it almost disappeared in disturbance conditions. These phenomena were caused by the proliferation of genus Exiguobacterium (belonging to Firmicutes), Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas (belonging to γ-Proteobacteria), and hgcI_clade (belonging to Actinobacteria). The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and Venn analysis also revealed significantly different evolutionary trend in the three water-sediment systems. It was most likely caused by the changes of geochemical characteristics (dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrients). This kind of study can provide helpful information for ecological assessment and remediation strategy in eutrophic aquatic environments.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbial Community of Antarctic Fish Detected by 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Song ◽  
Lingzhi Li ◽  
Hongliang Huang ◽  
Keji Jiang ◽  
Fengying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

Intestinal bacterial communities are highly relevant to the digestion, nutrition, growth, reproduction, and a range of fitness in fish, but little is known about the gut microbial community in Antarctic fish. In this study, the composition of intestinal microbial community in four species of Antarctic fish was detected based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. As a result, 1 004 639 sequences were obtained from 13 samples identified into 36 phyla and 804 genera, in which Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Thermi, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla, and Rhodococcus, Thermus, Acinetobacter, Propionibacterium, Streptococcus, and Mycoplasma were the dominant genera. The number of common OTUs (operational taxonomic units) varied from 346 to 768, while unique OTUs varied from 84 to 694 in the four species of Antarctic fish. Moreover, intestinal bacterial communities in individuals of each species were not really similar, and those in the four species were not absolutely different, suggesting that bacterial communities might influence the physiological characteristics of Antarctic fish, and the common bacterial communities might contribute to the fish survival ability in extreme Antarctic environment, while the different ones were related to the living habits. All of these results could offer certain information for the future study of Antarctic fish physiological characteristics.

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