scholarly journals Prevotella copri increases fat accumulation in pigs fed with formula diets

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Congying Chen ◽  
Shaoming Fang ◽  
Hong Wei ◽  
Maozhang He ◽  
Hao Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Formula Diets

Abstract Background Excessive fat accumulation of pigs is undesirable, as it severely affects economic returns in the modern pig industry. Studies in humans and mice have examined the role of the gut microbiome in host energy metabolism. Commercial Duroc pigs are often fed formula diets with high energy and protein contents. Whether and how the gut microbiome under this type of diet regulates swine fat accumulation is largely unknown. Results In the present study, we systematically investigated the correlation of gut microbiome with pig lean meat percentage (LMP) in 698 commercial Duroc pigs and found that Prevotella copri was significantly associated with fat accumulation of pigs. Fat pigs had significantly higher abundance of P. copri in the gut. High abundance of P. copri was correlated with increased concentrations of serum metabolites associated with obesity, e.g., lipopolysaccharides, branched chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, and the metabolites of arachidonic acid. Host intestinal barrier permeability and chronic inflammation response were increased. A gavage experiment using germ-free mice confirmed that the P. copri isolated from experimental pigs was a causal species increasing host fat accumulation and altering serum metabolites. Colon, adipose tissue, and muscle transcriptomes in P. copri-gavaged mice indicated that P. copri colonization activated host chronic inflammatory responses through the TLR4 and mTOR signaling pathways and significantly upregulated the expression of the genes related to lipogenesis and fat accumulation, but attenuated the genes associated with lipolysis, lipid transport, and muscle growth. Conclusions Taken together, the results proposed that P. copri in the gut microbial communities of pigs fed with commercial formula diets activates host chronic inflammatory responses by the metabolites through the TLR4 and mTOR signaling pathways, and increases host fat deposition significantly. The results provide fundamental knowledge for reducing fat accumulation in pigs through regulating the gut microbial composition.

scholarly journals Prevotella Copri Increases Fat Accumulation in Pigs Fed by Formula Diets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congying Chen ◽  
Shaoming Fang ◽  
Hong Wei ◽  
Maozhang He ◽  
Hao Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Formula Diets

Abstract Background: Excessive fat accumulation of pigs is undesirable, as it severely affects economic returns in the modern pig industry. Studies in humans and mice have examined the role of the gut microbiome in host energy metabolism. Commercial Duroc pigs are often fed formula diets with high energy and protein contents. Whether and how the gut microbiome under this type of diet regulates swine fat accumulation is largely unknown.Results: In the present study, we systematically investigated the correlation of gut microbiome with pig lean meat percentage (LMP) in 698 commercial Duroc pigs and found that P. copri was significantly associated with pig fat accumulation. Fat pigs had significantly higher abundance of P. copri in the gut. High abundance of P. copri was correlated with increased concentrations of serum metabolites related to chronic inflammation, e.g., lipopolysaccharides, branched chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, and the metabolites of arachidonic acid. Host intestinal barrier permeability and chronic inflammation response were increased. A gavage experiment using germ-free mice confirmed that the P. copri isolated from experimental pigs was a causal species increasing host fat accumulation and altering serum metabolites. Colon, adipose tissue, and muscle transcriptomes in gavage mice indicated that P. copri colonization activated host chronic inflammatory responses through the TLR4 and mTOR signaling pathways and significantly upregulated the expression of the genes related to lipogenesis and fat accumulation, but attenuated the genes associated with lipolysis, lipid transport, and muscle growth.Conclusions: Taken together, the results identified and confirmed that P. copri in the gut microbial communities of pigs fed by commercial formula diets results in significantly increased host fat deposition. We propose a possible mechanism of P. copri affecting fat accumulation. The results provide fundamental knowledge for reducing pig fat accumulation through regulating the gut microbial composition.

scholarly journals Prevotella Copri Increases fat Accumulation in Pigs fed by Formula Diets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congying Chen ◽  
Shaoming Fang ◽  
Hong Wei ◽  
Maozhang He ◽  
Hao Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Formula Diets

Abstract Background: Excessive fat accumulation of pigs is undesirable. It severely affects economic return of modern pig industry. Studies in humans and mice have examined the role of the gut microbiome in host energy metabolism. Commercial Duroc pigs are often fed formula diets with high energy and protein. Whether and how the gut microbiome under this type of diets regulates swine fat accumulation is largely unknown.Results: In the present study, we systematically investigated the correlation of gut microbiome with pig lean meat percentage (LMP) in a total of 698 commercial Duroc pigs. We demonstrate that the gut microbiome of fat pigs was dominated by P. copri which occupied 23.53% and 5.76% of relative abundance in average in the discovery and validation cohort, respectively. High abundance of P. copri in the gut resulted in a higher abundance of serum metabolites associated with chronic inflammation, e.g., branched chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, the metabolites of arachidonic acid metabolism and lipopolysaccharides. Host intestinal barrier permeability and chronic inflammation response were increased. A gavage experiment using germ-free mice confirmed that the P. copri isolated from experimental pigs was a causal species increasing host fat accumulation. Host colon, adipose tissue, and muscle transcriptomes indicated that P. copri colonization significantly upregulated the expression of the genes related to immune and inflammatory responses, lipogenesis, and fat accumulation, but attenuated the genes associated with lipolysis, lipid transport, and muscle growth.Conclusions: Taken together, we identified and confirmed that P. copri in the gut microbial communities of pigs fed by commercial formula diets results in the significantly increased fat deposition of pigs, and proposed a possible mechanism of P. copri affecting fat accumulation. The results provided fundamental knowledges for reducing pig fat accumulation through regulating the gut microbial composition in pig industry.

scholarly journals Impairment of Intestinal Barrier Function Induced by Early Weaning via Autophagy and Apoptosis Associated With Gut Microbiome and Metabolites

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Tang ◽  
Jingliang Liu ◽  
Yanfei Ma ◽  
Yusen Wei ◽  
Jianxin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway

Early weaning piglet is frequently accompanied by severe enteric inflammatory responses and microbiota dysbiosis. The links between the gut microbiome and the etiology of gut inflammation are not fully understood. The study is aimed to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms mediating inflammatory reactivity following early weaning, and to find whether these changes are correlated with gut microbiota and metabolite signatures by comparison between suckling piglets (SPs) and weaning piglets (WPs). Histopathology analysis showed a severe inflammatory response and the disruption of epithelial barrier function. Early weaning resulted in reduced autophagy indicated as the suppression of autophagic flux, whereas induced the TLR4/P38MAPK/IL-1β-mediated apoptotic pathway, as well as activation of the IL-1β precursor. The alpha-diversity and microbial composition were changed in WPs, such as the decreased abundances of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and Ruminococcus. Microbial co-concurrence analysis revealed that early weaning significantly decreased network complexity, including network size, degree, average clustering coefficient and number of keystone species, as compared with the SP group. Differentially abundant metabolites were mainly associated with amino acid and purine metabolism. Strong correlations were detected between discrepant microbial taxa and multiple inflammatory parameters. In conclusion, we found that dysregulations of autophagy and apoptosis pathway were involved in colon inflammation during weaned period, which may result from gut microbiota dysbiosis. This study may provide possible intervention modalities for preventing or treating post-weaning infections through maintaining gut microbial ecosystem integrity.

scholarly journals Effect of Immunocastration and Diet on Growth Performance, Serum Metabolites and Sex Hormones, Reproductive Organ Development and Carcass Quality of Heavy Gilts

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1900
Author(s):  
Leticia Pérez-Ciria ◽  
Francisco Javier Miana-Mena ◽  
María Victoria Falceto ◽  
Olga Mitjana ◽  
Maria Angeles Latorre
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Dry Cured Ham

It is desirable to increase fatness in gilts destined for Teruel dry-cured ham production. A total of 192 Duroc × (Landrace × Large White) gilts of 40.3 ± 4.80 kg body weight (BW) were used to assess the impact of immunocastration and feeding on growth performance, serum metabolites and sex hormones, reproductive organ development, and carcass quality. Six treatments were arranged factorially (2 × 3) with two types of gilt (entire gilts (EG) vs. immunocastrated gilts (IG)) and three experimental diets (control vs. high energy vs. low crude protein and amino acids) provided from 76 to 134 kg BW (n = 4 per treatment, being the replicate the pen with eight pigs). Immunocastration was carried out at 58 and 77 kg BW. The IG grew faster and showed lighter reproductive tracts and greater fatness than EG. The experimental feeds had limited effect on carcass quality, but the high-energy diet improved gain-to-feed ratio and the low-protein and -amino-acids diet did not impair growth performance. In conclusion, immunocastration was a better strategy than the tested diets to increase the fatness of gilts intended for Teruel dry-cured ham, although increasing energy or decreasing crude protein and amino acid levels in the diet could be beneficial strategies for pig farmers.

scholarly journals GVS-12 attenuates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by suppressing inflammatory responses via PPARγ/STAT3 signaling pathways

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 9555-9564
Author(s):  
Yuhui Wang ◽  
Xiyang Zhang ◽  
Bo Yuan ◽  
Xi Lu ◽  
Dongxuan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Alcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Stat3 Signaling

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a type of fatty liver disease, is characterized by excessive inflammation and fat accumulation in the liver.

scholarly journals Aberrant Gut Microbiome Contributes to Intestinal Oxidative Stress, Barrier Dysfunction, Inflammation and Systemic Autoimmune Responses in MRL/lpr Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Gangduo Wang ◽  
Nivedita Banerjee ◽  
Yuejin Liang ◽  
Xiaotang Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Permeability Changes ◽  
Systemic Autoimmunity ◽  
Junction Protein

Microbiome composition and function have been implicated as contributing factors in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (ADs), including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Furthermore, dysbiosis of gut microbiome is associated with impaired barrier function and mucosal immune dysregulation. However, mechanisms by which gut microbiome contributes to the ADs and whether antioxidant treatment can restore gut homeostasis and ameliorate the disease outcome are not known. This study was, therefore, focused on examining the involvement of gut microbiome and host responses in the pathogenesis of SLE using unique female mouse models (C57BL/6, MRL+/+ and MRL/lpr) of 6 and 18 weeks with varying degrees of disease progression. Fecal microbiome diversity and composition, gut oxidative stress (OS), barrier function and inflammation, as well as systemic autoimmunity were determined. Interestingly, each mouse strain had distinct bacterial community as revealed by β-diversity. A lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in 6-week-old MRL/lpr mice was observed, evidenced by decrease in Peptostreptococcaceae under Firmicutes phylum along with enrichment of Rikenellaceae under Bacteroidetes phylum. Additionally, we observed increases in colonic OS [4-hydroxynonenal (HNE)-adducts and HNE-specific immune complexes], permeability changes (lower tight junction protein ZO-2; increased fecal albumin and IgA levels) and inflammatory responses (increased phos-NF-κB, IL-6 and IgG levels) in 18-week-old MRL/lpr mice. These changes were associated with markedly elevated AD markers (antinuclear and anti-smooth muscle antibodies) along with hepatic portal inflammation and severe glomerulonephritis. Notably, antioxidant N-acetylcysteine treatment influenced the microbial composition (decreased Rikenellaceae; increased Akkeransiaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Muribaculaceae) and attenuated the systemic autoimmunity in MRL/lpr mice. Our data thus show that gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with increased colonic OS, barrier dysfunction, inflammatory responses and systemic autoimmunity markers. These findings apart from delineating a role for gut microbiome dysbiosis, also support the contribution of gut OS, permeability changes and inflammatory responses in the pathogenesis of ADs.

scholarly journals Characterization of gut microbiome in mice model of depression with divergent response to escitalopram treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Duan ◽  
Yu Huang ◽  
Xunmin Tan ◽  
Tingjia Chai ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Different Response ◽  
And Function

AbstractDepression is a common and heterogeneous mental disorder. Although several antidepressants are available to treat the patients with depression, the factors which could affect and predict the treatment response remain unclear. Here, we characterize the longitudinal changes of microbial composition and function during escitalopram treatment in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice model of depression based on 16 S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics. Consequently, we found that escitalopram (ESC) administration serves to increase the alpha-diversity of the gut microbiome in ESC treatment group. The microbial signatures between responder (R) and non-responder (NR) groups were significantly different. The R group was mainly characterized by increased relative abundances of genus Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, and depleted families Ruminococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae relative to NR group. Moreover, we identified 15 serum metabolites responsible for discriminating R and NR group. Those differential metabolites were mainly involved in phospholipid metabolism. Significantly, the bacterial OTUs belonging to family Lachnospiraceae, Helicobacteraceae, and Muribaculaceae formed strong co-occurring relationships with serum metabolites, indicating alternations of gut microbiome and metabolites as potential mediators in efficiency of ESC treatment. Together, our study demonstrated that the alterations of microbial compositions and metabolic functions might be relevant to the different response to ESC, which shed new light in uncovering the mechanisms of differences in efficacy of antidepressants.

scholarly journals Association between alterations in plasma metabolome profiles and laminitis in intensively finished Holstein bulls in a randomized controlled study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Christiane Bäßler ◽  
Ákos Kenéz ◽  
Theresa Scheu ◽  
Christian Koch ◽  
Ulrich Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotype ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Holstein Bulls

AbstractMetabolic consequences of an energy and protein rich diet can compromise metabolic health of cattle by promoting a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Laminitis is a common clinical sign, but affected metabolic pathways, underlying pathophysiology and causative relationships of a systemic pro-inflammatory phenotype are unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate changes in metabolome profiles of 20 months old Holstein bulls fed a high energy and protein diet and to identify novel metabolites and affected pathways, associated with diet-related laminitis. In a randomized controlled feeding trial using bulls fed a high energy and protein diet (HEP; metabolizable energy [ME] intake 169.0 ± 1.4 MJ/day; crude protein [CP] intake 2.3 ± 0.02 kg/day; calculated means ± SEM; n = 15) versus a low energy and protein diet (LEP; ME intake 92.9 ± 1.3 MJ/day; CP intake 1.0 ± 0.01 kg/day; n = 15), wide ranging effects of HEP diet on metabolism were demonstrated with a targeted metabolomics approach using the AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit (Biocrates Life Sciences). Multivariate statistics revealed that lower concentrations of phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins and higher concentrations of lyso-phosphatidylcholines, branched chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids were associated with an inflammatory state of diet-related laminitis in Holstein bulls fed a HEP diet. The latter two metabolites share similarities with changes in metabolism of obese humans, indicating a conserved pathophysiological role. The observed alterations in the metabolome provide further explanation on the underlying metabolic consequences of excessive dietary nutrient intake.

scholarly journals Postoperative Complications Are Associated with Long-Term Changes in the Gut Microbiota Following Colorectal Cancer Surgery

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Felix C.F. Schmitt ◽  
Martin Schneider ◽  
William Mathejczyk ◽  
Markus A. Weigand ◽  
Jane C. Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Surgery ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Stool Samples

Changes in the gut microbiome have already been associated with postoperative complications in major abdominal surgery. However, it is still unclear whether these changes are transient or a long-lasting effect. Therefore, the aim of this prospective clinical pilot study was to examine long-term changes in the gut microbiota and to correlate these changes with the clinical course of the patient. Methods: In total, stool samples of 62 newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients undergoing primary tumor resection were analyzed by 16S-rDNA next-generation sequencing. Stool samples were collected preoperatively in order to determine the gut microbiome at baseline as well as at 6, 12, and 24 months thereafter to observe longitudinal changes. Postoperatively, the study patients were separated into two groups—patients who suffered from postoperative complications (n = 30) and those without complication (n = 32). Patients with postoperative complications showed a significantly stronger reduction in the alpha diversity starting 6 months after operation, which does not resolve, even after 24 months. The structure of the microbiome was also significantly altered from baseline at six-month follow-up in patients with complications (p = 0.006). This was associated with a long-lasting decrease of a large number of species in the gut microbiota indicating an impact in the commensal microbiota and a long-lasting increase of Fusobacterium ulcerans. The microbial composition of the gut microbiome shows significant changes in patients with postoperative complications up to 24 months after surgery.

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