scholarly journals Exploring carer burden amongst those caring for a child or adolescent with an eating disorder during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Maunder ◽  
Fiona McNicholas
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Physical Vulnerability ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
Physical Strain ◽  
Carer Burden ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Preliminary Research

Abstract Background Carer burden amongst carers of youth with an eating disorder is substantial and if not addressed can lead to negative outcomes for the patient, carer and family. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has made caring for youth with an ED even more onerous and preliminary research is beginning to emerge demonstrating the profound negative impact the pandemic is having upon individuals with EDs and their carers. Main In this review, we briefly summarize what is known about carer burden in families where a young person has an ED, consider the additional impact consequent to COVID-19 and highlight the need for interventions aimed at alleviating this. Pre-COVID-19 research identifies high levels of psychological and physical strain amongst those caring for a child with an ED. Themes are beginning to emerge as to why COVID-19 may further exacerbate carer burden: (1) reduced access to ED services; (2) increased physical vulnerability and exacerbation of psychiatric co-morbidity amongst youth with EDs; (3) increased practical demands placed on carers; and (4) social isolation and decreased social support. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic poses a specific threat to the mental health of youth with EDs and their carers. Given the salient role families play in caring for youth with an ED, attending to carer burden is imperative. Supporting carers through all phases of their child’s ED journey by offering adaptive and flexible supportive services which accommodate time constraints, geographic barriers and possible COVID-19 spread is essential.

scholarly journals Relationships between Physical and Social Behavioural Changes and the Mental Status of Homebound Residents in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6653
Author(s):  
Ben Y. F. Fong ◽  
Martin C. S. Wong ◽  
Vincent T. S. Law ◽  
Man Fung Lo ◽  
Tommy K. C. Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Physical Strain

In Hong Kong, social distancing has been adopted in order to minimise the spread of COVID-19. This study aims to examine the changes in physical health, mental health, and social well-being experienced by local residents who were homebound during the pandemic. An online questionnaire in both Chinese and English versions was completed by 590 eligible participants from 24 April to 13 May 2020. The questionnaire found that individuals aged 18 to 25 years spent more time resting and relaxing but experienced more physical strain. Working status was associated with social contact, with participants working full-time jobs scoring higher in “maintaining social communication via electronic means” and “avoiding social activities outside the home”. Additionally, approximately one third of the participants (29.7%) had moderate to severe depression, and participants aged 18 to 25 were found to have higher scores in PHQ-9. Changes in physical health and social contact were significantly associated with developing depressive symptoms. From the results, it is clear that the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to exert a negative impact on the mental health status of individuals.

scholarly journals POS0942 THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF UNDIAGNOSED DEPRESSION IN AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHROPARTHY: RESULTS OF A SCREENING STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 734.1-734
Author(s):  
S. Maguire ◽  
F. B. O’shea
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Numerical Result ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Patient Reported

Background:Previous research in axial spondyloarthropathy(axSpA) has shown this population to have a high prevalence of depression. This co-morbidity has been previously shown to impact disease activity in patients with rheumatic disease.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to screen for early signs of depression using two validated tools, the Patient Health Questionaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for depression (HADs-D) in patients with known axSpA.Methods:AxSpA patients attending the Rheumatology department in St James’ Hospital between February and October 2020 were invited to take a self-administered survey which included the PHQ-9 and the HADs-D. Scores from the HADs-D yielded a numerical result which was then categorised as normal, borderline or abnormal. PHQ-9 numerical results were categorised as normal, mild, moderate, moderate/severe or severe. Patients with a known diagnosis of depression were excluded. In addition to baseline demographics, patient reported outcomes from the clinic visit were also recorded.Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 26. Continuous variables were recorded as means, categorical variables as frequencies with percentages. A one-way analysis of variance analysis (ANOVA) was used to determine significance of variation in outcomes between patient outcomes as determined by the HADs-D and PHQ-9. A p-value of <0.05 was deemed significant. Consent was obtained prior to participation. Approval was received from the St James’/Tallaght Hospital Joint Ethics Committee.Results:In total 71 axSpA patients took part in the survey. The population was 70.4%(50) males and 29.5%(21) female, with an average age 47.9 years and mean disease duration 19.7 years (mean outcomes: BASDAI 4.08, BASFI 3.62, BASMI 3.54, ASQoL 6.79). Overall, 7 (9.9%) participants recorded abnormal HADs-D scores, while 17 (23.9%) recorded moderate to severe PHQ-9 scores indicative of underlying depression. AxSpA females had higher mean HADs-D scores (7.5 vs 4.8, p=0.01) than males, with abnormal scores in 19%(4) of females and 6% (3) of males. No significant differences were found in PHQ-9 scores between genders.Analysis revealed significantly worse BASDAI (6.27 vs 3.42, p<0.01) and AQoL scores (12.57 vs 5.26, p<0.01) in axSpA patients with abnormal compared to normal HADs-D scores. No significant differences were noted in BASFI, BASMI or baseline demographics. A similar pattern was noted on analysis of PHQ-9 scores, with significantly worse BASDAI (7.9 vs 2.55, p<0.01), BASFI (8.05 vs 2.33, p<0.01) and ASQoL (19.5 vs 2.62, p<0.01) noted in those scoring as severe compared to normal. No significant differences were detected in BASMI scores or baseline demographics.Conclusion:A high percentage of axSpA patients recorded high HADs-D and PHQ-9 scores concerning for undiagnosed depression. These patients were noted to have significantly worse disease activity and quality of life as compared to patients with normal scores. Clinicians treating axSpA should consider screening for depression in this population.Disclosure of Interests:Sinead Maguire Speakers bureau: Speaker fee from Jassen, Grant/research support from: Recipient of the Gilead Inflammation Fellowship Grant, Finbar Barry O’Shea: None declared

Co-morbidity and disorder-related distress and impairment in purging disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1435-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Keel ◽  
B. E. Wolfe ◽  
J. A. Gravener ◽  
D. C. Jimerson
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Purging Disorder ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Clinically Significant

BackgroundRecent studies suggest that purging disorder (PD) may be a common eating disorder that is associated with clinically significant levels of distress and high levels of psychiatric co-morbidity. However, no study has established evidence of disorder-related impairment or whether distress is specifically related to PD rather than to co-morbid disorders.MethodThree groups of normal-weight women [non-eating disorder controls (n=38), with PD (n=24), and with bulimia nervosa (BN)-purging subtype (n=57)] completed structured clinical interviews and self-report assessments.ResultsBoth PD and BN were associated with significant co-morbidity and elevations on indicators of distress and impairment compared to controls. Compared to BN, PD was associated with lower rates of current and lifetime mood disorders but higher rates of current anxiety disorders. Elevated distress and impairment were maintained in PD and BN after controlling for Axis I and Axis II disorders.ConclusionsPD is associated with elevated distress and impairment and should be considered for inclusion as a provisional disorder in nosological schemes such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual to facilitate much-needed research on this clinically significant syndrome.

scholarly journals Prevalence and impact of allergic rhinitis in school going children

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 760
Author(s):  
Sucheta Gupta ◽  
Vinod Gupta ◽  
Akhil Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
House Dust Mites ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Co Morbidity

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the nasal mucosa. There is negative impact of AR on several aspects of day to day living and quality of life (QoL), which include: daily functioning, sleep, absenteeism, school productivity and academic performance. Almost 40% of children are being affected by AR.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> An observational study was conducted on randomly selected 100 parents of school going children aging 2 to 15 years, attending OPD in community health center, Chenani, district Udhampur, J and K, for a period of one year from June 2018 to Nov 2018. Children having frequent episodes of allergic rhinitis were enquired about their history of sneezing, runner itchy nose and eyes, thick mucus, nasal blockage or breathless with associated symptoms were selected.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> 81% of subjects had a worse problem during specific months of the year; and 67% had itchy-watery eyes. In 15% of subjects, AR impacted daily activities. A prevalence of 28% for nasal symptoms and 14% for allergic rhino-conjunctivitis was found. Study also showed significantly higher proportion of blockers (61%) than sneeze runners (39%). 56% children had one or more co morbidity, whereas 44% had ‘nil’ co-morbidities. The most common allergens were: pollens (grass, trees and weeds), house dust mites, pets, molds, fungi and food.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> AR adversely affects quality of life of patients and furthermore studies should be conducted for more clarity on the subject, besides a timely medical intervention and treatment could possibly avoid the rising morbidity associated with the disease.</p>

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of eating disorder co-morbidity in patients with bipolar disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Wildes ◽  
Marsha D. Marcus ◽  
Andrea Fagiolini
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Co Morbidity

Binge-eating disorder and major depressive disorder co-morbidity: Sequence and clinical significance

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S163-S163
Author(s):  
C. Grilo ◽  
D. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Eating Disorder Psychopathology ◽  
Co Morbidity

IntroductionBinge-eating disorder (BED) is associated with obesity and with elevated rates of co-occurring major depressive disorder (MDD) but the significance of the diagnostic comorbidity is ambiguous—as is the significance of the onset sequence for MDD and BED.Objective and aimsWe compared eating-disorder psychopathology and psychiatric comorbidity in three subgroups of BED patients: those in whom onset of BED preceded onset of MDD, those with onset of MDD prior to onset of BED, and those without MDD or any psychiatric comorbidity.MethodsA consecutive series of 731 treatment-seeking patients meeting DSM-IV-TR research criteria for BED were assessed reliably by doctoral-clinicians with semi-structured interviews to evaluate lifetime psychiatric disorders (SCID-I/P) and ED psychopathology (EDE Interview).ResultsBased on SCID-I/P, 191 (26%) patients had onset of BED preceding onset of MDD, 114 (16%) had onset of MDD preceding onset of BED, and 426 (58%) had BED without co-occurring disorders. Three groups did not differ with respect to age, ethnicity, or education, but a greater proportion of the group without MDD was male. Three groups did not differ in body-mass-index or binge-eating frequency, but groups differed significantly with respect to eating-disorder psychopathology, with both MDD groups having significantly higher levels than the group without co-occurring disorders. The group having earlier onset of MDD had elevated rates of anxiety disorders compared to the group having earlier onset of BED.ConclusionsMDD in combination with BED—with either order of onset—has a meaningful adverse effect on ED psychopathology and overall psychiatric co-morbidity.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Predictive significance of the overvaluation of shape/weight in obese patients with binge eating disorder: findings from a randomized controlled trial with 12-month follow-up

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1335-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Grilo ◽  
M. A. White ◽  
R. Gueorguieva ◽  
G. T. Wilson ◽  
R. M. Masheb
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Undue Influence ◽  
Co Morbidity

BackgroundUndue influence of body shape or weight on self-evaluation – referred to as overvaluation – is considered a core feature across eating disorders, but is not a diagnostic requirement for binge eating disorder (BED). This study examined the concurrent and predictive significance of overvaluation of shape/weight in obese patients with BED participating in a randomized clinical trial testing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and behavioral weight loss (BWL).MethodA total of 90 participants were randomly assigned to 6-month group treatments of CBT or BWL. Assessments were performed at baseline, throughout- and post-treatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups after completing treatments with reliably administered semi-structured interviews and established measures.ResultsParticipants categorized with overvaluation (n = 52, 58%) versus without overvaluation (n = 38, 42%) did not differ significantly in demographic features (age, gender and ethnicity), psychiatric co-morbidity, body mass index or binge eating frequency. The overvaluation group had significantly greater levels of eating disorder psychopathology and poorer psychological functioning (higher depression and lower self-esteem) than the non-overvaluation group. Overvaluation of shape/weight significantly predicted non-remission from binge eating and higher frequency of binge eating at the 12-month follow-up, even after adjusting for group differences in depression and self-esteem levels.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that overvaluation does not simply reflect concern commensurate with being obese or more frequent binge eating, but also is strongly associated with heightened eating-related psychopathology and psychological distress, and has negative prognostic significance for longer-term treatment outcomes. Overvaluation of shape/weight warrants consideration as a diagnostic specifier for BED as it provides important information about severity and treatment outcome.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF BULLING IN THE MODERN EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND THE WAYS OF ITS OVERCOMING

2019 ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Sorochuk
Keyword(s):  
School Psychologists ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Psychological Climate ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Conflict Situations

The problem of the emergence of bullying in the educational area among school-age children is investigated, since in recent years in Ukraine the bullying (baiting) has often been referred to as a negative phenomenon. A brief analysis of modern scientific investigations on the problems of bullying in the educational environment is done, which shows the necessity of a detailed and systematic study on this problem. Bulling is seen as a conflict and widespread phenomenon in children's groups, which can cause a negative impact on formation of personality, difficulties in socio-psychological adaptation, complexity and uncertainty of a young person in choice of next career. It has been noted that numerous facts of child abuse have caused attention to this phenomenon and implementation of specific steps at the state level to counteract and prevent this problem. It is emphasized that the presence of bullying in the educational environment has a negative impact not only on the victim of persecution, but also on the perpetrators (abusers, observers) as well as on parents and teachers. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of coordinated work of educational institutions, school psychologists, social educators, lawyers, parents to overcome bullying, which, respectively can reduce the manifestation of this negative phenomenon and greatly improve the resolution of conflict situations. Finding peaceful ways to resolve conflict situations, upbringing of friendly relationships between children and assimilate moral values leads to a healthy psychological climate in the children's groups, educate the respect and mutual assistance among coevals. There are a number of methodological recommendations for organizing the educational process, conducting cultural events, leisure, extracurricular work, outdoor activities, which help to prevent such a negative phenomenon of our reality. It is concluded that the joint work of relevant state institutions, educators, lawyers, psychologists, parents, media representatives, using different methods of influence on the individuals, may provide conditions for resolution of conflicts and overcoming bullying among children and school youth.

scholarly journals “It is the only constant in what feels like a completely upside down and scary world”: Living with an Eating Disorder during COVID-19 and the importance of perceived control for recovery and relapse.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Branley-Bell ◽  
Catherine V. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Study Data ◽  
External Control ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Impact

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound, negative impact on the lives and wellbeing of the population, and it can raise additional challenges for individuals with eating disorders. During early stages of the UK lockdown, individuals reported disruptions to many aspects of their lives, including reduced feelings of control and serious concerns over the impact of the pandemic on eating disorder symptoms and/or recovery. This study compares data from two time points to explore the ongoing impacts of the pandemic on this population. Method: A mixed-methods online survey was developed for the purpose of this study. Data was collected at the two key time points: First, soon after the start of the first UK lockdown (April 2020) and second, as the first lockdown restrictions began to be lifted (June 2020). The sample consisted of 58 individuals currently experiencing, or in recovery from, an eating disorder. Participants were aged between 16-65 years; 57 identified as female, and 1 male. Results: Higher perceptions of general, external control were associated with recovery between the time points. Individuals who experienced less perceived control reported a tendency to rely upon eating disorder behaviours as an auxiliary coping mechanism, i.e., diminished external control was directed inwards and replaced with controlling their own behaviour. Conclusions: Perceived control is a significant factor in eating disorder recovery. As a result of the pandemic’s negative impact upon peoples’ sense of control, individuals with eating disorders are at significant risk of detrimental impacts on their recovery and wellbeing. The results have implications for future treatments based on strengthening individuals’ perceptions of control to promote recovery.

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