scholarly journals GPS tracking reveals landfill closures induce higher foraging effort and habitat switching in gulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam P. Langley ◽  
Stuart Bearhop ◽  
Niall H.K. Burton ◽  
Alex N. Banks ◽  
Tim Frayling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Movement Ecology ◽  
Habitat Choice ◽  
Gps Tracking ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Larus Fuscus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Foraging Movements

Abstract Background Landfills are a major subsidy for some animals, with implications for their life history and demography. Gulls feed extensively on food from landfills and closures are expected to have ecological consequences, but how this influences movement ecology is virtually unknown. Methods We used GPS-tracking to quantify foraging behaviour and habitat choice of lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus) breeding at two colonies before and after closure of two nearby landfills. Results Following closure, gulls from both colonies travelled further and for longer to forage. Gulls also changed habitat selection, although this differed by colony - birds from one colony shifted to agricultural habitats, while at the other, increased their use of urban areas. These behavioural responses had no effect on adult body condition but hint at potential direct effects of higher foraging costs and indirect impacts by shifting to new habitats. Conclusions Our results demonstrate how landfill availability influences gull foraging movements and habitat selection. We also emphasize the value of biologging to detect rapid behavioural responses in contrast to more conventional demographic approaches, which is especially important for animals that spend the majority of their lives away from direct observation.

Impact of adenotonsillectomy on the quality of life of patients operated on at the Hospital de Clínicas, Paraguay

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Carlos Mena Canata ◽  
Rebeca Noemí Ruiz Vallejos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to determine the impact of adenotonsillectomy on the quality of life of postoperative patients.The study is observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective. The files of all postoperative adenotonsillectomy patients in Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital de Clínicas, San Lorenzo Paraguay. The Obstructive sleep apnea – 18 questionnaire (OSA 18) was applied, asking patients about symptoms before and after surgery. An effective sample of 143 postoperative patients was obtained. The average age was 6.05 ± 2.08 years, 55.10% (81) were male and 44.89% (66) were female, 65.30% (96) were from urban areas and 34.69% (51) from the rural areas. The t test was performed for means of two paired samples, comparing the results of the Obstructive sleep apnea – 18 questionnaire surveys before and after surgery which presented a significant difference (p <0.05) with a tendency to improve the quality of life after surgery. It has been shown that there is a significant difference, a considerable improvement in the quality of life of patients after adenotonsillectomy.

scholarly journals Smokers' behavioural responses before and after the 2012 tobacco excise increase

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Walton ◽  
Judy Li ◽  
Rhiannon Newcombe ◽  
Danny Tu ◽  
Jessica Berentson-Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Investigating Home Range, Movement Pattern, and Habitat Selection of Bar-headed Geese during Breeding Season at Qinghai Lake, China

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruobing Zheng ◽  
Lacy Smith ◽  
Diann Prosser ◽  
John Takekawa ◽  
Scott Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Movement Ecology ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Qinghai Lake ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Anser Indicus ◽  
Selection Of

The Bar-headed Goose is the only true goose species or Anserinae to migrate solely within the Central Asian Flyway, and thus, it is an ideal species for observing the effects of both land use and climate change throughout the flyway. In this paper, we investigate the home range, movement pattern, and habitat selection of Bar-headed Geese (Anser indicus) during the breeding season at Qinghai Lake, which is one of their largest breeding areas and a major migration staging area in the flyway. We identified several areas used by the geese during the breeding season along the shoreline of Qinghai Lake and found that most geese had more than one core use area and daily movements that provided insight into their breeding activity. We also observed the intensive use of specific wetlands and habitats near Qinghai Lake. These data provide interesting insights into the movement ecology of this important species and also provide critical information for managers seeking to understand and respond to conservation concerns threatening Bar-headed Geese, such as landscape and habitat changes.

scholarly journals At a snail’s pace: the influence of habitat disturbance on terrestrial snail movement using experimentally manipulated mesocosms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily E. Denief ◽  
Julie W. Turner ◽  
Christina M. Prokopenko ◽  
Alec L. Robitaille ◽  
Eric Vander Wal
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Movement Ecology ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Habitat Alteration ◽  
Movement Behaviour ◽  
Physical Disturbance ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Cepaea Nemoralis ◽  
Experimental Mesocosms ◽  
Step Selection

AbstractThe Anthropocene marks great changes to environments and the animals that inhabit them. Changes, such as disturbance, can affect the manner in which animals interact with their environments, such as moving and selecting habitats. To test how animals might respond to changing disturbance regimes, we employ an experimental approach to movement ecology. We used integrated step selection analysis (iSSA) to test the behavioural responses of individually-marked grove snails (Cepaea nemoralis) exposed to a gradient of physical disturbance in their habitat. We used a before-after control-impact (BACI) experimental design within semi-controlled mesocosms to manipulate edge and disturbance variables by altering the area of the mesocosm covered by bricks. We showed that grove snails perceive edges of enclosures and edges of bricks as risks, and responded to such risks by altering their movement. Grove snails displayed a bimodal response to risk by taking shelter in place or moving faster to be farther from the disturbance. Furthermore, individuals tended to modulate their behavioural response to the degree of risk. Our study highlights the usefulness of experimental mesocosms in movement ecology and in determining the effects of habitat alteration and human-imposed risk on movement behaviour.

scholarly journals The Effect of Soil Reinforcement on the Stress and Strain Field Around Underground Square-Shaped Areas and its Internal Lining Efforts in Urban Areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 2756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Darvishpour ◽  
Asadollah Ranjbar ◽  
Amirmohammad Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Underground Structure ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Before And After

The passage of underground structures from the bottom of the structures on the ground causes a change in the stresses and strains created in the structure as well as the soil environment surrounding the tunnel due to the existence of an interaction between these two sides. In this way, the existence of the surface structure leads to a change in the strain and stress conditions around the tunnel, and in contrast, the tunnel also leads to a change in the stress and settlement around the structures. Therefore, such a reciprocal behavior is very important. In this research, with the help of Abaqus finite element software, two main possible conditions are considered: the creation of an underground structure in the presence of the superstructure, as well as the reverse state of the concept of constructing a building in the state in which the underground structure already exists. One of the subjects studied in this research is the physical modelling effect of the structure, rather than the effect of its wide load on the ground. Other parameters considered in this research are the number of story, the depth of the tunnel, the width of the tunnel, the thickness of the lining, the effect of changes in the soil parameters in the depth and the horizontal distance of the tunnel center from the building center. The results of this research are validated based on the results obtained by other researchers. According to the results obtained in this research, by the increase of the distance between the tunnel center and structure center and depending on the stiffness of the tunnel lining, significant asymmetric stresses are created in the superstructure. The construction of the structure before and after the tunnel construction can affect the unsymmetrical settlement of the structure The stress and strain created in the lining of the tunnel and the surrounding area are also different due to the amount of mobilized force in the reinforcements.

Statistical analysis of earthquake debris extent from wood-frame buildings and its use in road networks in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-231
Author(s):  
Luis Moya ◽  
Erick Mas ◽  
Fumio Yamazaki ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
Shunichi Koshimura
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Frame Buildings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Collapsed Buildings ◽  
The Relationship

Debris scattering is one of the main causes of road/street blockage after earthquakes in dense urban areas. Therefore, the evaluation of debris scattering is crucial for decision makers and for producing an effective emergency response. In this vein, this article presents the following: (1) statistical data concerning the debris extent of collapsed buildings caused by the 2016 Mw 7.0 Kumamoto earthquake in Japan; (2) an investigation of the factors influencing the extent of debris; (3) probability functions for the debris extent; and (4) applications in the evaluation of road networks. To accomplish these tasks, LiDAR data and aerial photos acquired before and after the mainshock (16 April 2016) were used. This valuable dataset gives us the opportunity to accurately quantify the relationship between the debris extent and the geometrical properties of buildings.

Statistical Analysis of Japan Wood Frame Building Earthquake Debris Extent and Its Use in Road Networks in Japan

2019 ◽  
pp. 875529301987818
Author(s):  
Luis Moya ◽  
Erick Mas ◽  
Fumio Yamazaki ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
Shunichi Koshimura
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Frame Building ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Collapsed Buildings ◽  
The Relationship

Debris scattering is one of the main causes of road/street blockage after earthquakes in dense urban areas. Therefore, the evaluation of debris scattering is crucial for decision-makers and for producing an effective emergency response. In this vein, this paper presents the following: (1) Statistical data concerning the debris extent of collapsed buildings caused by the 2016 Mw 7.0 Kumamoto earthquake in Japan; (2) An investigation of the factors influencing the extent of debris; (3) Probability functions for debris extent; and (4) Applications in the evaluation of road networks. To accomplish these tasks, LiDAR data and aerial photos acquired before and after the mainshock (April 16, 2016) were used. This valuable dataset gives us the opportunity to accurately quantify the relationship between the debris extent and the geometrical properties of buildings.

Urbanization in India Before and After the Economic Reforms: What Does the Census Data Reveal?

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1213-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raju Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Urban Employment ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Cultural Mobility

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the recent trends and patterns of urbanization before and after the economic reforms in India. In addition, the paper explores the emerging patterns of urban growth and captures the changes through development indicators based on the available data from the Census of India and National Accounts Statistics. The study employs an exponential growth rate and a linear model for determining the pace of urbanization, which is then plotted on a scatter diagram. It is surprising to note that wherever urbanization was expected to accelerate, it has instead slowed down. Economic reforms have been not uniformly implemented because of the faulty national economic policy which has discouraged the growth of urban employment and is a cause for concern that requires political attention. The study concludes that economic reforms are necessary for accelerating urbanization, promoting small and medium-sized urban areas, human capital, socio-cultural mobility, and plans for eco-friendly green cities.

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