Production of oligomeric procyanidins by mild steam explosion treatment of grape seeds

Abstract Background Sixty five percent of procyanidins in grape seeds is polymeric procyanidins (PPC), and they could not be assimilated directly by human. To enhance procyanidin assimilation, steam explosion treatment (SE) was used to facilitate the preparation of oligomeric procyanidins (OPC) from grape seeds. Results The results indicate that SE treatment made grape seeds loose and porous, and decreased the mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of procyanidins. The procyanidins content and total phenolic content (TPC) were decreased with the increase of SE severity, while the amount of catechin (CA), epicatechin (EC) and epicatechin-3-O-gallate (ECG) were increased, resulting in significant increase of antioxidant activity. Conclusions Although SE treatment could depolymerize PPC and produce CA/EC/ECG with high yield, it caused the yield loss of total procyanidins. SE treatment is a potential effective method to prepare procyanidins with low degree of polymerization and high antioxidant activity. However, it still needs to study further how to balance the yield of total procyanidins and catechin monomers (CA/EC/ECG).

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Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Campomanesia Phaea Extracts Obtained by Pressurized Liquid Extraction

The Open Food Science Journal ◽

10.2174/1874256401911010056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 56-65

Author(s):

Daniele Martins Firmiano ◽

Gabriela Marques Bittencourt ◽

Alessandra Lopes de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Particle Size ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Pressurized Liquid Extraction ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

The Mean

Objective: This research used the Pressurized Liquid Extraction process (PLE) to obtain cambuci extracts rich in phenolic compounds and, consequently, with high antioxidant activity. Methods: We determined the centesimal composition and the mean particle size of the dried and crushed sample for characterization of the fixed bed extractor. Extractions with pressurized ethanol were performed following a Central Composite Design (CCD) with temperature (60 °C at the center point with ± 10 °C amplitude) and the contact time between the solvent and the matrix (6 min at the center point with ± 2 min amplitude) as independent variables in the process. The Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of compounds and antioxidant activity were determined. Results: The mean particle size of the cambuci in the PLE was 263.4 μm with apparent and real densities of 32.42 g/cm3 and 1.62 g/cm3, respectively, resulting in a fixed bed porosity of 0.43. The centesimal composition of the comminuted and dried sample was 12.5 ± 0.1% moisture, 3.2 ± 0.2% ash, 3.35 ± 0.07% crude protein, 10.32 ± 0.08% crude fiber and 0.35 ± 0.04% ethereal extract. The highest extraction yield (41.7%) was obtained by using the binomial 70 ºC with 8 min of solvent contact in three batches. Extracts with the highest TPC (6501.10 mg AGE/100 g sample) were obtained by the binomial 74 °C with 6 min of contact; the binomial 50 °C with 4 min of contact gave rise to the extract with the highest antioxidant activity. The CCD showed high yield extracts with high antioxidant activity and a high total phenolic compound content. Conclusion: With the use of the proposed experimental design, it was possible to optimize the extraction of total phenolic compounds from the sample.

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Effect of cooking temperature and time on total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and total in vitro antioxidant activity of garlic

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-020-05404-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thandiwe Alide ◽

Phanice Wangila ◽

Ambrose Kiprop

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Total Flavonoid ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Flavonoid Content ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Cooking Temperature ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

The Mean

Abstract Objective To investigate the effect of cooking temperature and time on the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of garlic. Results The mean total phenolic content of fresh garlic were 303.07 ± 6.58 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g (GAE/100 g) and 638.96 ± 15.30 mg GAE/100 g of plant material for the aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively. The mean total flavonoid content 109.78 ± 6.78 mg quercetin equivalent per 100 g (QE/100 g) and 258.47 ± 12.37 QE/100 g for aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectral data showed absorptions in the range for carboxylic acids, hydroxyl group, esters, and alcohols, confirming the presence of phenols and flavonoids in the extracts. Cooking temperature had a significant effect on total phenolic content and total flavonoid content while cooking time did not have a significant effect on the phytochemicals and antioxidant activity.

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The correlation between antimutagenic activity and total phenolic content of extracts of 31 plant species with high antioxidant activity

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12906-016-1437-x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Tshepiso Jan Makhafola ◽

Esameldin Elzein Elgorashi ◽

Lyndy Joy McGaw ◽

Luc Verschaeve ◽

Jacobus Nicolaas Eloff

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Plant Species ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antimutagenic Activity ◽

High Antioxidant Activity

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Phenol Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Sonokeling (Dalbergia latifolia Roxb) Wood

Wood Research Journal ◽

10.51850/wrj.2020.11.1.27-34 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

Masendra Masendra ◽

Denny Irawati ◽

Alamratush Shoolichah Ridlo ◽

Ganis Lukmandaru

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Native Species ◽

Building Materials ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Wood Extractives ◽

Soxhlet Apparatus ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenol Composition

Dalbergia latifolia or sonokeling is a native species of Java, Indonesia, used as an important wood for furniture and building materials, due to the high of durability and beautiful color. This study, therefore, aim to investigate the phenol composition, represented by total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavanol content, as well as antioxidant activity, conducted by DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method on Dalbergia latifolia wood. The sample was extracted using ethanol-toluene solvent in a Soxhlet apparatus, and subsequently subjected to column chromatography. This treatment yielded 12 fractions, which were then evaluated for phenol contents and antioxidant activity. The results showed a high antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in Fr.1- Fr.3, while latifolin was detected and characterized by GC-MS and a literature comparison. Therefore, it was established that the antioxidant activity of D. latifolia wood extractives properly correlated with the total phenolic, but not with the total flavonoid and flavanol contents.

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TOTAL PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF VITEX MONTEVIDENSIS (SPRENG) MOLDENKE - VERBENACEAE

Ciência e Natura ◽

10.5902/2179460x21363 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 1197

Author(s):

Sideney Becker Onofre ◽

Dirceu Abatti ◽

Amarildo Antonio Tessaro ◽

Alessandra Buss Tessaro

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Flavonoids ◽

Total Phenols ◽

Degenerative Diseases ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

The Mean ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

In recent years, a substantial amount of evidence has pointed to the key role of free radicals and other oxidants as the main culprits for aging and degenerative diseases associated with aging, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, cataract, decline of the immune system and brain dysfunctions. The objective of this work was therefore to detect variations in total phenol and flavonoid content, and in antioxidant activity of samples of V. montevidensis. Dried samples were submitted to extraction to obtain the hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol fractions. Phytochemical prospecting and an analysis of the phenolic content and antioxidant activity was carried out. The data was analyzed according to the mean±standard deviation and submitted to analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test with a significance of (p < 0.05). Flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids and anthraquinones were detected in the samples. The content of total flavonoids varied between 3.18±0,58 and 7.22±0,17 g/100g, while the total phenols ranged from 1.13±0.16 to 18.44±0.21 g/100g. The extracts produced EC50 between 339.75±6.56 and 278.33±23.11 μg/mL.

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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF Hericium erinaceus, Hericium americanum AND Hericium coralloides

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2019.6.10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 97-105

Author(s):

Funda Atila

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Hericium Erinaceus ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

High Antioxidant Activity

The aim of this work was to determine the total phenolic content (TPC) and the antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of Hericium erinaceus, Hericium americanum and Hericium coralloides, including free radical scavenging method (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and radical cation scavenging method (ABTS). Hericium spp exhibited moderate to high antioxidant activity. The highest TPC (3.27 ±0.01 mg GAE g–1) and antioxidant activity values (17.0 ±0.68 mmol TE g‒1 in FRAP; EC50 = 4.12 ±0.12 mg mL‒1 in DPPH•; EC50 = 2.83 ± 0.10 mg mL‒1 in ABTS•+) were found for methanol extracts of H. coralloides. The TPC and antioxidant activity of H. erinaceus isolates varied from strain to strain. H. americanum possessed considerably lower total phenolic content (2.31 ±0.01 mg GAE g‒1) and antioxidant activity (10.5 ±0.59 mmol TE g‒1 in FRAP; EC50 = 7.82 ±0.09 mg mL‒1 in DPPH•; EC50 = 6.36 ± 0.12 mg mL‒1 in ABTS•+) than H. coralloides and H. erinaceus. A high correlation was determined between TPC and ABTS•+ (r2 = 0.855), DPPH• (r2 = 0.969) and FRAP (r2 = 0.942). According to results obtained in the present study, Hericium spp., especially H. coralloides and some of H. erinaceus isolates, might be promising natural source of antioxidants for food and pharmaceutical industry.

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EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIALITY OF XYLARIA FEEJEENSIS HMJAU22039

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9s2.13734 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 269 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Durga Pallavi Rebbapragada ◽

Rajagopal Kalyanaraman

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Yeast Extract ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Tectona Grandis ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

ABSTRACT Objective: Antioxidants neutralize free radicals generated in the human body and prevent them from causing damage. The present study is aimed to evaluate and optimize the antioxidant activity of Xylaria feejeensis HMJAU22039 an endophyte isolated from Tectona grandis. Methods: The antioxidant potential was measured by 1-1diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay. Total phenolic content (TPC) of the samples was measured by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent based assay, and the values were obtained from the regression equation: y = 0.006141x + 0.157733. Results: Potato dextrose yeast extract broth medium was selected as the basal medium as it reported a high antioxidant activity. The basal medium was optimized with 2% dextrose, 0.2% yeast extract, and 200 g/L potato infusion. Dextrose and yeast extract were selected as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, as they reported high antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity and phenolic content are highest at static condition (18.14 mg/g). Incubation temperature of 30°C and pH of the initial medium at 6 were found to be optimum conditions for high antioxidant activity. An incubation period of 20 days reported the highest antioxidant activity and phenolic content. Methanol extract recorded high antioxidant activity with a DPPH (73.86%) followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of different physiochemical parameters in the production of secondary metabolites having antioxidant properties. The results reveal a significant positive correlation between DPPH radical scavenging assay, NO scavenging assay, and TPC. Keywords: 1-1diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil, Total phenolic content, Endophytic fungus, Tectona grandis.

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Effects of Different Processing Methods on the Antioxidant Activity of 6 Cultivars of Foxtail Millet

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1155/2017/8372854 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lingyan Zhang ◽

Jieying Li ◽

Fei Han ◽

Zhansheng Ding ◽

Liuping Fan

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Cinnamic Acid ◽

Phenolic Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Retention Rate ◽

Foxtail Millet ◽

Good Choice ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

The Mean

The total phenolic content (TPC) of millet was whole > dehulled > cooked > steamed and the bound phenolic content (BPC) was the main form. Compared with dehulled millet, the TPC, TFC, and phenolic acid contents were decreased significantly (P< 0.05). The retention rate of TPC of steamed millet ranged from 47% to 55% and cooked millet ranged from 55% to 79%. Additionally, the mean cinnamic acid content of cooked millet was 1.29 times as much as steamed millet. The antioxidant activity of millet was whole > dehulled > cooked > steamed. Therefore, cooked millet was a good choice for human.

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