scholarly journals Recent advances and perspectives in efforts to reduce the production and application cost of microbial flocculants

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Liu ◽  
Di Sun ◽  
Jiawen Liu ◽  
Jingrong Zhu ◽  
Weijie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cheap Alternative ◽  
Microbial Flocculant

AbstractMicrobial flocculants are macromolecular substances produced by microorganisms. Due to its non-toxic, harmless, and biodegradable advantages, microbial flocculants have been widely used in various industrial fields, such as wastewater treatment, microalgae harvest, activated sludge dewatering, heavy metal ion adsorption, and nanoparticle synthesis, especially in the post-treatment process of fermentation with high safety requirement. However, compared with the traditional inorganic flocculants and organic polymeric flocculants, the high production cost is the main bottleneck that restricts the large-scale production and application of microbial flocculants. To reduce the production cost of microbial flocculant, a series of efforts have been carried out and some exciting research progresses have been achieved. This paper summarized the research advances in the last decade, including the screening of high-yield strains and the construction of genetically engineered strains, search of cheap alternative medium, the extraction and preservation methods, microbial flocculants production as an incidental product of other biological processes, combined use of traditional flocculant and microbial flocculant, and the production of microbial flocculant promoted by inducer. Moreover, this paper prospects the future research directions to further reduce the production cost of microbial flocculants, thereby promoting the industrial production and large-scale application of microbial flocculants.

Large-scale production of polyoma middle T antigen by using genetically engineered tumors

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1795-1799
Author(s):  
D R Kaplan ◽  
B Bockus ◽  
T M Roberts ◽  
J Bolen ◽  
M Israel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nude Mice ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Metallothionein Promoter ◽  
Polyoma Middle T Antigen ◽  
Nih 3T3

A recombinant plasmid containing a metallothionein promoter-polyoma middle T cDNA fusion was constructed and used to transfect NIH 3T3 cells. Transformed cells expressing middle T were injected into nude mice. Within 3 weeks, each mouse produced tumors containing middle T equivalent to that in 250 to 1,000 100-mm dishes of polyomavirus-infected cells. This middle T, partially purified by immunoaffinity chromatography, retained activity as measured by its ability to be phosphorylated in vitro. The combined approach of fusing strong promoters to genes of interest and utilizing nude mice to grow large quantities of cells expressing the gene provides a quick, inexpensive alternative to other expression systems.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Production of Human iPSC-Derived Macrophages for Drug Screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Gutbier ◽  
Florian Wanke ◽  
Nadine Dahm ◽  
Anna Rümmelin ◽  
Silke Zimmermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Screening ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Neoplastic Cell ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Compound Screening ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Tissue-resident macrophages are key players in inflammatory processes, and their activation and functionality are crucial in health and disease. Numerous diseases are associated with alterations in homeostasis or dysregulation of the innate immune system, including allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Macrophages are a prime target for drug discovery due to their major regulatory role in health and disease. Currently, the main sources of macrophages used for therapeutic compound screening are primary cells isolated from blood or tissue or immortalized or neoplastic cell lines (e.g., THP-1). Here, we describe an improved method to employ induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for the high-yield, large-scale production of cells resembling tissue-resident macrophages. For this, iPSC-derived macrophage-like cells are thoroughly characterized to confirm their cell identity and thus their suitability for drug screening purposes. These iPSC-derived macrophages show strong cellular identity with primary macrophages and recapitulate key functional characteristics, including cytokine release, phagocytosis, and chemotaxis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that genetic modifications can be readily introduced at the macrophage-like progenitor stage in order to interrogate drug target-relevant pathways. In summary, this novel method overcomes previous shortcomings with primary and leukemic cells and facilitates large-scale production of genetically modified iPSC-derived macrophages for drug screening applications.

scholarly journals Large-scale production of polyoma middle T antigen by using genetically engineered tumors.

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1795-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R Kaplan ◽  
B Bockus ◽  
T M Roberts ◽  
J Bolen ◽  
M Israel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nude Mice ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Metallothionein Promoter ◽  
Polyoma Middle T Antigen ◽  
Nih 3T3

A recombinant plasmid containing a metallothionein promoter-polyoma middle T cDNA fusion was constructed and used to transfect NIH 3T3 cells. Transformed cells expressing middle T were injected into nude mice. Within 3 weeks, each mouse produced tumors containing middle T equivalent to that in 250 to 1,000 100-mm dishes of polyomavirus-infected cells. This middle T, partially purified by immunoaffinity chromatography, retained activity as measured by its ability to be phosphorylated in vitro. The combined approach of fusing strong promoters to genes of interest and utilizing nude mice to grow large quantities of cells expressing the gene provides a quick, inexpensive alternative to other expression systems.

scholarly journals 300-Fold Increase in Production of the Zn2+-Dependent Dechlorinase TrzN in Soluble Form via Apoenzyme Stabilization

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (13) ◽  
pp. 4003-4011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin J. Jackson ◽  
Christopher W. Coppin ◽  
Paul D. Carr ◽  
Alexey Aleksandrov ◽  
Matthew Wilding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACTMicrobial metalloenzymes constitute a large library of biocatalysts, a number of which have already been shown to catalyze the breakdown of toxic chemicals or industrially relevant chemical transformations. However, while there is considerable interest in harnessing these catalysts for biotechnology, for many of the enzymes, their large-scale production in active, soluble form in recombinant systems is a significant barrier to their use. In this work, we demonstrate that as few as three mutations can result in a 300-fold increase in the expression of soluble TrzN, an enzyme fromArthrobacter aurescenswith environmental applications that catalyzes the hydrolysis of triazine herbicides, inEscherichia coli. Using a combination of X-ray crystallography, kinetic analysis, and computational simulation, we show that the majority of the improvement in expression is due to stabilization of the apoenzyme rather than the metal ion-bound holoenzyme. This provides a structural and mechanistic explanation for the observation that many compensatory mutations can increase levels of soluble-protein production without increasing the stability of the final, active form of the enzyme. This study provides a molecular understanding of the importance of the stability of metal ion free states to the accumulation of soluble protein and shows that differences between apoenzyme and holoenzyme structures can result in mutations affecting the stability of either state differently.

scholarly journals Ultra-high Yield On-surface Synthesis and Assembly of Circumcoronene into Chiral Electronic Kagome-honeycomb Lattice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykola Telychko ◽  
Guangwu Li ◽  
Pingo Mutombo ◽  
Diego Soler-Polo ◽  
Xinnan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tight Binding ◽  
Cascade Reactions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Honeycomb Lattice ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Methyl Radical ◽  
Synthetic Strategy ◽  
Temperature Scanning

On-surface synthesis has revealed remarkable potential in the fabrication of a plethora of elusive nanographenes with tailored structural, electronic and magnetic properties unattainable by conventional wet-chemistry synthesis. Unfortunately, surface-assisted synthesis often involves multiple-step cascade reactions with competing pathways, leading to the formation of a diversity of products with limited yield, which reduces its feasibility towards the large-scale production for future technological applications. Here, we devise a new on-surface synthetic strategy for the ultra-high yield synthesis of a hexagonal nanographene with six zigzag edges, namely circumcoronene on Cu(111) via surfaceassisted intramolecular dehydrogenation of the rationally-designed precursor molecule, followed by methyl radical-radical coupling and aromatization. An elegant electrostatic interaction between circumcoronene and Cu(111) drives their self-organization into an extended superlattice, as revealed by bond-resolved low-temperature scanning probe microscopy and spectroscopy measurements. Density functional theory and tight-binding calculations reveal that unique hexagonal zigzag topology of circumcoronenes, along with their periodic electrostatic landscape confines two-dimensional (2D) electron gas in Cu(111) surface into chiral electronic Kagome-honeycomb lattice with two emergent electronic flat bands. Our findings open up a new route for the high-yield fabrication of elusive nanographenes with zigzag topologies and their novel 2D superlattices with possible nontrivial electronic properties towards their future technological applications.

scholarly journals Ultra-high Yield On-surface Synthesis and Assembly of Circumcoronene into Chiral Electronic Kagome-honeycomb Lattice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykola Telychko ◽  
Guangwu Li ◽  
Pingo Mutombo ◽  
Diego Soler-Polo ◽  
Xinnan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tight Binding ◽  
Cascade Reactions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Honeycomb Lattice ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Methyl Radical ◽  
Synthetic Strategy ◽  
Temperature Scanning

On-surface synthesis has revealed remarkable potential in the fabrication of a plethora of elusive nanographenes with tailored structural, electronic and magnetic properties unattainable by conventional wet-chemistry synthesis. Unfortunately, surface-assisted synthesis often involves multiple-step cascade reactions with competing pathways, leading to the formation of a diversity of products with limited yield, which reduces its feasibility towards the large-scale production for future technological applications. Here, we devise a new on-surface synthetic strategy for the ultra-high yield synthesis of a hexagonal nanographene with six zigzag edges, namely circumcoronene on Cu(111) via surfaceassisted intramolecular dehydrogenation of the rationally-designed precursor molecule, followed by methyl radical-radical coupling and aromatization. An elegant electrostatic interaction between circumcoronene and Cu(111) drives their self-organization into an extended superlattice, as revealed by bond-resolved low-temperature scanning probe microscopy and spectroscopy measurements. Density functional theory and tight-binding calculations reveal that unique hexagonal zigzag topology of circumcoronenes, along with their periodic electrostatic landscape confines two-dimensional (2D) electron gas in Cu(111) surface into chiral electronic Kagome-honeycomb lattice with two emergent electronic flat bands. Our findings open up a new route for the high-yield fabrication of elusive nanographenes with zigzag topologies and their novel 2D superlattices with possible nontrivial electronic properties towards their future technological applications.

scholarly journals Metal-Organic Frameworks for Metal-Ion Batteries: Towards Scalability

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 20210304
Author(s):  
Semyon Bachinin ◽  
Venera Gilemkhanova ◽  
Maria Timofeeva ◽  
Yuliya Kenzhebayeva ◽  
Andrei Yankin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Science ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
And Storage

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), being a family of highly crystalline and porous materials, have attracted particular attention in material science due to their unprecedented chemical and structural tunability. Next to their application in gas adsorption, separation, and storage, MOFs also can be utilized for energy transfer and storage in batteries and supercapacitors. Based on recent studies, this review describes the latest developments about MOFs as structural elements of metal-ion battery with a focus on their industry-oriented and large-scale production.

scholarly journals Metabolic engineering for high yield synthesis of astaxanthin in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Torres-Haro ◽  
Jorge Verdín ◽  
Manuel R. Kirchmayr ◽  
Melchor Arellano-Plaza
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Xanthophyllomyces Dendrorhous ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

AbstractAstaxanthin is a carotenoid with a number of assets useful for the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Nowadays, it is mainly produced by chemical synthesis. However, the process leads to an enantiomeric mixture where the biologically assimilable forms (3R, 3′R or 3S, 3′S) are a minority. Microbial production of (3R, 3′R) astaxanthin by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is an appealing alternative due to its fast growth rate and easy large-scale production. In order to increase X. dendrorhous astaxanthin yields, random mutant strains able to produce from 6 to 10 mg/g dry mass have been generated; nevertheless, they often are unstable. On the other hand, site-directed mutant strains have also been obtained, but they increase only the yield of non-astaxanthin carotenoids. In this review, we insightfully analyze the metabolic carbon flow converging in astaxanthin biosynthesis and, by integrating the biological features of X. dendrorhous with available metabolic, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data, as well as the knowledge gained with random and site-directed mutants that lead to increased carotenoids yield, we propose new metabolic engineering targets to increase astaxanthin biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Implications for industrial application of bioflocculant demand alternatives to conventional media: waste as a substitute

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1807-1822
Author(s):  
Jibrin Ndejiko Mohammed ◽  
Wan Rosmiza Zana Wan Dagang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Cheap Alternative ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Microbial Flocculant ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The biodegradability and safety of the bioflocculants make them a potential alternative to non-biodegradable chemical flocculants for wastewater treatment. However, low yield and production cost has been reported to be the limiting factor for large scale bioflocculant production. Although the utilization of cheap nutrient sources is generally appealing for large scale bioproduct production, exploration to meet the demand for them is still low. Although much progress has been achieved at laboratory scale, Industrial production and application of bioflocculant is yet to be viable due to cost of the production medium and low yield. Thus, the prospects of bioflocculant application as an alternative to chemical flocculants is linked to evaluation and utilization of cheap alternative and renewable nutrient sources. This review evaluates the latest literature on the utilization of waste/wastewater as an alternative substitute for conventional expensive nutrient sources. It focuses on the mechanisms and metabolic pathways involved in microbial flocculant synthesis, culture conditions and nutrient requirements for bioflocculant production, pre-treatment, and also optimization of waste substrate for bioflocculant synthesis and bioflocculant production from waste and their efficiencies. Utilization of wastes as a microbial nutrient source drastically reduces the cost of bioflocculant production and increases the appeal of bioflocculant as a cost-effective alternative to chemical flocculants.

scholarly journals High-Yield Production of Aqueous Graphene for Electrohydrodynamic Drop-on-Demand Printing of Biocompatible Conductive Patterns

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Ehsan Niaraki Asli ◽  
Jingshuai Guo ◽  
Pei Lun Lai ◽  
Reza Montazami ◽  
Nicole N. Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Drop On Demand ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Presented here is a scalable and aqueous phase exfoliation of graphite to high yield and quality of few layer graphene (FLG) using Bovine Serum Albomine (BSA) and wet ball milling. The produced graphene ink is tailored for printable and flexible electronics, having shown promising results in terms of electrical conductivity and temporal stability. Shear force generated by steel balls which resulted in 2–3 layer defect-free graphene platelets with an average size of hundreds of nm, and with a concentration of about 5.1 mg/mL characterized by Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-vis spectroscopy. Further, a conductive ink was prepared and printed on flexible substrate (Polyimide) with controlled resolution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Profilometry revealed the effect of thermal annealing on the prints to concede consistent morphological characteristics. The resulted sheet resistance was measured to be R s = 36.75 Ω / sqr for prints as long as 100 mm. Printable inks were produced in volumes ranging from 20 mL to 1 L, with potential to facilitate large scale production of graphene for applications in biosensors, as well as flexible and printable electronics.

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