scholarly journals Metabolic engineering for high yield synthesis of astaxanthin in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Torres-Haro ◽  
Jorge Verdín ◽  
Manuel R. Kirchmayr ◽  
Melchor Arellano-Plaza
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Xanthophyllomyces Dendrorhous ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

AbstractAstaxanthin is a carotenoid with a number of assets useful for the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Nowadays, it is mainly produced by chemical synthesis. However, the process leads to an enantiomeric mixture where the biologically assimilable forms (3R, 3′R or 3S, 3′S) are a minority. Microbial production of (3R, 3′R) astaxanthin by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous is an appealing alternative due to its fast growth rate and easy large-scale production. In order to increase X. dendrorhous astaxanthin yields, random mutant strains able to produce from 6 to 10 mg/g dry mass have been generated; nevertheless, they often are unstable. On the other hand, site-directed mutant strains have also been obtained, but they increase only the yield of non-astaxanthin carotenoids. In this review, we insightfully analyze the metabolic carbon flow converging in astaxanthin biosynthesis and, by integrating the biological features of X. dendrorhous with available metabolic, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data, as well as the knowledge gained with random and site-directed mutants that lead to increased carotenoids yield, we propose new metabolic engineering targets to increase astaxanthin biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Production of Human iPSC-Derived Macrophages for Drug Screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Gutbier ◽  
Florian Wanke ◽  
Nadine Dahm ◽  
Anna Rümmelin ◽  
Silke Zimmermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Screening ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Neoplastic Cell ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Compound Screening ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Tissue-resident macrophages are key players in inflammatory processes, and their activation and functionality are crucial in health and disease. Numerous diseases are associated with alterations in homeostasis or dysregulation of the innate immune system, including allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Macrophages are a prime target for drug discovery due to their major regulatory role in health and disease. Currently, the main sources of macrophages used for therapeutic compound screening are primary cells isolated from blood or tissue or immortalized or neoplastic cell lines (e.g., THP-1). Here, we describe an improved method to employ induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for the high-yield, large-scale production of cells resembling tissue-resident macrophages. For this, iPSC-derived macrophage-like cells are thoroughly characterized to confirm their cell identity and thus their suitability for drug screening purposes. These iPSC-derived macrophages show strong cellular identity with primary macrophages and recapitulate key functional characteristics, including cytokine release, phagocytosis, and chemotaxis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that genetic modifications can be readily introduced at the macrophage-like progenitor stage in order to interrogate drug target-relevant pathways. In summary, this novel method overcomes previous shortcomings with primary and leukemic cells and facilitates large-scale production of genetically modified iPSC-derived macrophages for drug screening applications.

Large-Scale Production of Astaxanthin by Xanthophyllomyces Dendrorhous

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-G. Zheng ◽  
Z.-C. Hu ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
Y.-C. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Xanthophyllomyces Dendrorhous ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production

scholarly journals Cannabis sativa: From Therapeutic Uses to Micropropagation and Beyond

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2078
Author(s):  
Tristan K. Adams ◽  
Nqobile A. Masondo ◽  
Pholoso Malatsi ◽  
Nokwanda P. Makunga
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Indirect Organogenesis ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The development of a protocol for the large-scale production of Cannabis and its variants with little to no somaclonal variation or disease for pharmaceutical and for other industrial use has been an emerging area of research. A limited number of protocols have been developed around the world, obtained through a detailed literature search using web-based database searches, e.g., Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) and Google Scholar. This article reviews the advances made in relation to Cannabis tissue culture and micropropagation, such as explant choice and decontamination of explants, direct and indirect organogenesis, rooting, acclimatisation and a few aspects of genetic engineering. Since Cannabis micropropagation systems are fairly new fields, combinations of plant growth regulator experiments are needed to gain insight into the development of direct and indirect organogenesis protocols that are able to undergo the acclimation stage and maintain healthy plants desirable to the Cannabis industry. A post-culture analysis of Cannabis phytochemistry after the acclimatisation stage is lacking in a majority of the reviewed studies, and for in vitro propagation protocols to be accepted by the pharmaceutical industries, phytochemical and possibly pharmacological research need to be undertaken in order to ascertain the integrity of the generated plant material. It is rather difficult to obtain industrially acceptable micropropagation regimes as recalcitrance to the regeneration of in vitro cultured plants remains a major concern and this impedes progress in the application of genetic modification technologies and gene editing tools to be used routinely for the improvement of Cannabis genotypes that are used in various industries globally. In the future, with more reliable plant tissue culture-based propagation that generates true-to-type plants that have known genetic and metabolomic integrity, the use of genetic engineering systems including “omics” technologies such as next-generation sequencing and fast-evolving gene editing tools could be implemented to speed up the identification of novel genes and mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of Cannabis phytochemicals for large-scale production.

scholarly journals Effect of biostimulant application on production and flavonoid content of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Pupo de Oliveira Machado ◽  
Ana Claudia Pacheco ◽  
Marcia Eugenia Amaral Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Calendula Officinalis L

The production of medicinal plants as raw material for industry must associate quality with biomass formation and, with this purpose, the application of plant growth regulators has been studied in these crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a biostimulant on growth, inflorescence production and flavonoid content in marigold. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and the treatments consisted of increasing doses of the biostimulant (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 mL L-1) applied by foliar spraying in ten consecutive applications. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and ten repetitions. The number of leaves and flowerheads and dry matter of roots increased linearly with increasing doses of the growth promoter, with 20%, 36.97% and 97.28% increases, respectively, compared with the control. The total dry mass and shoot dry mass showed maximum values at the highest dose tested of 15 mL L-1 (with increases of 40.09% and 46.30%, respectively). Plant height and flavonoid content reached the highest values at a dose of 6 mL L-1. The biostimulant promoted the development of marigold and positively influenced the synthesis of the secondary compound of medicinal interest. Among the tested doses, the application of rates between 6 and 9 mL L-1 of the biostimulant is recommended for more efficient large-scale production of marigold.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Nanosize ZnO and Zn1−xFexO Powder for Infrared Absorption by Flame Aerosol Synthesis

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Hui Tian ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Taisheng Yang ◽  
Zili Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Aerosol Synthesis ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Significant Difference

In this study, nanosized ZnO and Zn1−xFexO powders were synthesized using the flame aerosol synthesis (FAS) method. The microstructure of the ZnO powder shows a significant difference with different precursor concentrations. By adding Fe to the precursor, nanosized Zn1−xFexO powder (x = 0~0.1) can be easily fabricated. The phase formation, microstructure, and infrared absorption properties were systematically investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM, and IR. With the substitution of Fe into the Zn site, lattice distortion occurred, resulting in excellent infrared absorption properties. Compared to other conventional synthesis methods, the FAS method has the advantages of high yield, high crystallinity, and low cost; furthermore, nanosized powder is easily obtained. The FAS method is believed to be one of the best choices for the large-scale production of ZnO and Zn1−xFexO powders.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Solid-State Fermentation of Soybean Meal With Bacillus sp. to Improve Nutritional Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhui Yao ◽  
Hongya Li ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Baocheng Zhu ◽  
Tongguo Gao
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
The Impact

The study evaluated the impact of fermentation with Bacillus sp. on the nutritional quality of soybean meal (SBM) and the changes of bacterial community structure during fermentation. High protease-producing strains were screened to degrade SBM macromolecular protein and anti-nutritional factors (ANFs). Unsterilized SBM then underwent an anaerobic solid-state fermentation method to evaluate the effects of fermentation. Results showed that for the nine high-producing protease strains that were screened, acid-soluble protein (ASP) contents in fermented SBM increased, with the highest value found to be 13.48%, which was fermented using strain N-11. N-11 was identified as Bacillus subtilis. N-11 fermentation reduced ANFs such as glycinin and β-conglycinin by 82.38 and 88.32%, respectively. During N-11 fermentation, the bacterial richness and diversity in SBM increased but not significantly. The high-yield protease strain B. subtilis N-11 selected in this experiment improved the nutritional quality of SBM through fermentation, and it can be used for industrial large-scale production.

scholarly journals Uncaria tomentosa and Uncaria guianensis an agronomic history to be written

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1401-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Cristina Gomes Honório ◽  
Bianca Waléria Bertoni ◽  
Ana Maria Soares Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Uncaria Tomentosa ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Amazonian Region

ABSTRACT: The Uncaria tomentosa and Uncaria guianensis species, which are endemic plants in the Amazonian region, are highlighted as medicinal plants mainly because of their anti-inflammatory activity. The vegetal drug and various types of extracts have been commercialized by pharmaceutical industries and distributed in several countries, thus configuring the economic potential of both species. The objective of the present research was to collect agronomical data published in PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus databases and analyze the main subjects that were either investigated or not investigated to enable the production chain of these species. The conclusion is that U. guianensis has been less studied than U. tomentosa under all aspects evaluated. Both species have been exploited in an extractivistic way. However, no report was found on either sustainable management or conservation or domestication strategies or yet large scale production that can continuously attend the global demand of the pharmaceutic industry. Furthermore, the amount currently produced is insufficient to supply the program of the Ministry of Health, which intends to provide herbal drugs from Uncaria to all Brazilian cities.

scholarly journals Production and Potential Applications of Bioconversion of Chitin and Protein-Containing Fishery Byproducts into Prodigiosin: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2744 ◽  
Author(s):  
San-Lang Wang ◽  
Van Bon Nguyen ◽  
Chien Thang Doan ◽  
Thi Ngoc Tran ◽  
Minh Trung Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Potential Applications

The technology of microbial conversion provides a potential way to exploit compounds of biotechnological potential. The red pigment prodigiosin (PG) and other PG-like pigments from bacteria, majorly from Serratia marcescens, have been reported as bioactive secondary metabolites that can be used in the broad fields of agriculture, fine chemicals, and pharmacy. Increasing PG productivity by investigating the culture conditions especially the inexpensive carbon and nitrogen (C/N) sources has become an important factor for large-scale production. Investigations into the bioactivities and applications of PG and its related compounds have also been given increased attention. To save production cost, chitin and protein-containing fishery byproducts have recently been investigated as the sole C/N source for the production of PG and chitinolytic/proteolytic enzymes. This strategy provides an environmentally-friendly selection using inexpensive C/N sources to produce a high yield of PG together with chitinolytic and proteolytic enzymes by S. marcescens. The review article will provide effective references for production, bioactivity, and application of S. marcescens PG in various fields such as biocontrol agents and potential pharmaceutical drugs.

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