scholarly journals Saliva proteomics updates in biomedicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina R. Katsani ◽  
Dimitra Sakellari
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Biological Specimen ◽  
Bioinformatic Tools

AbstractIn the years of personalized (or precision) medicine the ‘omics’ methodologies in biomedical sciences—genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics—are helping researchers to detect quantifiable biological characteristics, or biomarkers, that will best define the human physiology and pathologies. Proteomics use high throughput and high efficiency approaches with the support of bioinformatic tools in order to identify and quantify the total protein content of cells, tissues or biological fluids. Saliva receives a lot of attention as a rich biological specimen that offers a number of practical and physiological advantages over blood and other biological fluids in monitoring human health. The aim of this review is to present the latest advances in saliva proteomics for biomedicine.

scholarly journals Heat and Pressure Treatments on Almond Protein Stability and Change in Immunoreactivity after Simulated Human Digestion

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta De Angelis ◽  
Simona Bavaro ◽  
Graziana Forte ◽  
Rosa Pilolli ◽  
Linda Monaci
Keyword(s):  
Protein Stability ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Protein Quantification ◽  
Protein Profiling ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Bioinformatic Tools ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Allergenic Proteins

Almond is consumed worldwide and renowned as a valuable healthy food. Despite this, it is also a potent source of allergenic proteins that can trigger several mild to life-threatening immunoreactions. Food processing proved to alter biochemical characteristics of proteins, thus affecting the respective allergenicity. In this paper, we investigated the effect of autoclaving, preceded or not by a hydration step, on the biochemical and immunological properties of almond proteins. Any variation in the stability and immunoreactivity of almond proteins extracted from the treated materials were evaluated by total protein quantification, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and protein profiling by electrophoresis-based separation (SDS-PAGE). The sole autoclaving applied was found to weakly affect almond protein stability, despite what was observed when hydration preceded autoclaving, which resulted in a loss of approximately 70% of total protein content compared to untreated samples, and a remarkable reduction of the final immunoreactivity. The final SDS-PAGE protein pattern recorded for hydrated and autoclaved almonds disclosed significant changes. In addition, the same samples were further submitted to human-simulated gastro-intestinal (GI) digestion to evaluate potential changes induced by these processing methods on allergen digestibility. Digestion products were identified by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS/MS) analysis followed by software-based data mining, and complementary information was provided by analyzing the proteolytic fragments lower than 6 kDa in size. The autoclave-based treatment was found not to alter the allergen digestibility, whereas an increased susceptibility to proteolytic action of digestive enzymes was observed in almonds subjected to autoclaving of prehydrated almond kernels. Finally, the residual immunoreactivity of the GI-resistant peptides was in-silico investigated by bioinformatic tools. Results obtained confirm that by adopting both approaches, no epitopes associated with known allergens survived, thus demonstrating the potential effectiveness of these treatments to reduce almond allergenicity.

scholarly journals From imaging a single cell to implementing precision medicine: an exciting new era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loukia G. Karacosta
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cell Imaging ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
New Era ◽  
Single Cell Imaging

In the age of high-throughput, single-cell biology, single-cell imaging has evolved not only in terms of technological advancements but also in its translational applications. The synchronous advancements of imaging and computational biology have produced opportunities of merging the two, providing the scientific community with tools towards observing, understanding, and predicting cellular and tissue phenotypes and behaviors. Furthermore, multiplexed single-cell imaging and machine learning algorithms now enable patient stratification and predictive diagnostics of clinical specimens. Here, we provide an overall summary of the advances in single-cell imaging, with a focus on high-throughput microscopy phenomics and multiplexed proteomic spatial imaging platforms. We also review various computational tools that have been developed in recent years for image processing and downstream applications used in biomedical sciences. Finally, we discuss how harnessing systems biology approaches and data integration across disciplines can further strengthen the exciting applications and future implementation of single-cell imaging on precision medicine.

scholarly journals Білковий склад сироватки крові однорічок білого амура, уражених моногенеями, до та після застосування «Бровармектин-гранулятуTM» і «АвестимуTM»

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (73) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
O.V. Fedorovych
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Antiparasitic Drugs

The success of treatment fish with invasive diseases depends on availability of highly efficient antiparasitic drugs in the pharmaceutical market. Therefore, scientists are constantly working to develop anti-parasitic drugs for the treatment of fish that would have not only high efficiency, less toxic to the body and the cost of medical treatment, but also contribute to the normalization of metabolic processes. That is why the purpose of our researches was to study the effect of «Granulated brovermectin» and «Avesstim» on the protein composition of blood serum of carp fish infested by various ectoparasites.Researches were conducted in garden-fish farms, SOE «Fish farm Halytskyy» (now LLC «Fish farm «Burshtynskyy») Rohatyn raion, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast and FE «Dobrotvir fish factory» Kamianka-Buzka Raion, Lviv oblast, located on the warm waters of cooling ponds of Burshtynsk and Dobrotvir Thermal Power Stations. Fish weighing 45–47 g were selected for researches.It was established that the use of «Granulated brovermectin» and immunomodulator «Avesstim» caused activation of protein metabolism in fish body affected by pathogens Dactylogyrus lamellatus, Gyrodactylus ctenopharyngodonis, and mixed infestations and as a result there was indicated the increase of total protein, albumins, globulins and α-globulins in their blood serum. Thus, the drug «Granulated brovermectin» in the blood serum of affected by ectoparasites fish total protein content compared with the control, increased to 4.23 (P < 0.001), albumins – to 2.82 (P < 0.001), globulins – to 1.41 (P < 0.05) and α-globulins – on 1.23 g/l (P < 0.01). Combined use of these drugs showed the best normalizing effect on the infested fish: the content of total protein in blood serum, depending on the type of infestation, increased to 5.22–9.97, albumins – to 4.34–8.17, globulins – 0.88–1.45, α-globulins tо – 1.36–2.20 g/l, and these changes in all cases (the exception – the quantity of globulins in the blood of fish affected by gyrodactylus) were reliable (P < 0.05–0.001).

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОЕ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ОБЩЕГО БЕЛКА В СЫВОРОТКЕ КРОВИ КОРОВ БИОХИМИЧЕСКИМ И ТЕНЗИОМЕТРИЧЕСКИМ МЕТОДАМИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.YU. ZAITSEV
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Dynamic Surface Tension ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Dynamic Surface ◽  
Biochemical Methods ◽  
Air Interface

Основой метода межфазной тензиометрии является измерение динамического поверхностного натяжения (ДПН) биологических жидкостей человека и животных. В данной работе предложено использование метода регрессии в моделировании взаимосвязи биохимических и ДПН параметров сыворотки крови коров. Показана возможность определения количества общего белка в сыворотке крови телок по известным параметрам тензиограмм поверхностного натяжения на границе раздела жидкость/воздух. В результате измерений 96 проб сыворотки крови телок трех возрастов (6, 12 и 1718 мес) и обработки полученных данных были определены следующие диапазоны значений ДПН: 072,173,9 мН/м, 171,973,5 мН/м, 266,870,1 мН/м, 361,264,4 мН/м, 03,165,96 мНм-1с-1/2, 15,707,34 мНм-1с-1/2. При включении полученных экспериментальных данных ДПН в новое регрессионное уравнение получены следующие значения содержания общего белка: 72,4 г/л 66,7 г/л 69,5 г/л (для телок 6, 12 и 1718 мес), соответственно. Эти значения на 2,5 выше 1,8 и 1,4 ниже, чем соответствующие значения общего белка в сыворотке крови телок, измеренные традиционными биохимическими методами.Данная модель для показателя общего белка имеет хорошее качество (P0,05) и готова к использованию. Регрессионный анализ с использованием простого экспресс-метода межфазной тензиометрии позволяет избавиться от необходимости постоянных измерений показателей общего белка в сыворотке крови телок биохимическими методами.The basis of the method of interfacial tensiometry is the measurement of the dynamic surface tension (DST) of biological fluids in humans and animals. In this paper, the application of the regression method in modeling the relationship of biochemical and DST parameters of cow blood serum is proposed. The possibility of determining the amount of total protein in the blood serum of heifers by the known parameters of tensiograms of surface tension at the liquid/air interface is shown. As a result of measurements of the 96 blood serum samples of heifers of three ages (6, 12 and 1718 months) and processing the obtained data, the following ranges of DST values were determined: 072.173.9 mN/m, 171.973.5 mN/m, 266.870.1 mN/m, 361.264.4 mN/m, 03.165.96 mNm-1s-1/2, 15.707.34 mNm-1s-1/2. When checking the obtained new regression equation according to the serum DST, the following values of the total protein content were obtained: 72.4 g/l 66.7 g/l 69.5 g/l (for heifers of 6, 12 and 1718 months), respectively. These values are about 2.5 higher, 1.8 and 1.4 lower than the corresponding total protein values measured by the traditional biochemical methods. Thus, this model for the indicator of total protein is of good quality (P0.05) and is ready for use. Regression analysis using a simple express-method of interfacial tensiometry allows you to eliminate the need for continuous measurements of total protein in the blood serum of heifers by biochemical methods.

scholarly journals Investigation of Heat and Pressure Treatments on Almond Protein Stability and Immunoreactivity after Simulated Human Digestion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta De Angelis ◽  
Simona L. Bavaro ◽  
Graziana Forte ◽  
Rosa Pilolli ◽  
Linda Monaci
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Protein Quantification ◽  
Protein Profiling ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Bioinformatic Tools ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Allergenic Proteins ◽  
The Stability

Almond is worldwide consumed and renowned as a valuable healthy food. In spite of this, it is also a potent source of allergenic proteins able to trigger several mild to life-threatening immunoreactions. Food processing proved to alter biochemical characteristics of proteins, thus affecting the respective allergenicity. In this paper we investigated the effect of autoclaving, preceded or not by a hydration step, on the biochemical and immunological properties of almond proteins. Any variation in the stability and immunoreactivity of almond proteins extracted from the treated materials, were evaluated by total protein quantification, ELISA assay and protein profiling by electrophoresis-based separation (SDS-PAGE). The autoclaving alone was found to weakly affect almond proteins stability, despite what observed for the combination of hydration and autoclaving, which resulted in a loss of approximately 70% of total protein content compared to untreated sample, and in a final negligible immunoreactivity, as well. The final SDS-PAGE protein pattern recorded for almonds hydrated and autoclaved disclosed significant changes. In addition, the same samples were further submitted to in vitro simulated gastro-duodenal (GI) digestion to evaluate potential changes induced by these processing on allergens digestibility. Digestion products were identified by HPLC-HRMS/MS analysis followed by software-based data mining, and complementary information were provided by analyzing the proteolytic fragments lower that 6 kDa in size. The autoclave based treatment was found not to alter the allergens digestibility, whereas an increased susceptibility to proteolytic action of digestive enzymes was observed in almonds subjected to the combination of prehydration and autoclaving. Finally, the residual immunoreactivity of the GI resistant peptides was investigated in-silico by bioinformatic tools, confirming that by following both approaches, no epitopes survived the almond digestion, thus demonstrating the potential effectiveness of these treatments to reduce almond allergenicity.

scholarly journals Profiling of Cerebrospinal Fluid Lipids and Their Relationship with Plasma Lipids in Healthy Humans

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Kosuke Saito ◽  
Kotaro Hattori ◽  
Shinsuke Hidese ◽  
Daimei Sasayama ◽  
Tomoko Miyakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Lipid Profiling ◽  
Healthy Humans

Lipidomics provides an overview of lipid profiles in biological systems. Although blood is commonly used for lipid profiling, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is more suitable for exploring lipid homeostasis in brain diseases. However, whether an individual’s background affects the CSF lipid profile remains unclear, and the association between CSF and plasma lipid profiles in heathy individuals has not yet been defined. Herein, lipidomics approaches were employed to analyze CSF and plasma samples obtained from 114 healthy Japanese subjects. Results showed that the global lipid profiles differed significantly between CSF and plasma, with only 13 of 114 lipids found to be significantly correlated between the two matrices. Additionally, the CSF total protein content was the primary factor associated with CSF lipids. In the CSF, the levels of major lipids, namely, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, and cholesterolesters, correlated with CSF total protein levels. These findings indicate that CSF lipidomics can be applied to explore changes in lipid homeostasis in patients with brain diseases.

scholarly journals EM by EM: High-Efficiency Epitope Mapping using High-Throughput Electron Microscopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (S3) ◽  
pp. 1080-1081
Author(s):  
Alberto Estevez ◽  
Colin Garvey ◽  
Claudio Ciferri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Epitope Mapping ◽  
High Efficiency

Prediction of Human Acute Toxicity by the Hep G2/24-hour/Total Protein Assay, with Protein Measurement by the CBQCA Method

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Dierickx
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Human Toxicity ◽  
Hep G2 ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Lowry Method ◽  
Total Protein Assay

In our previously described Hep G2/24-hour/total protein assay, protein levels were measured by using the Lowry method. This assay was the best acute in vitro assay for the prediction of human toxicity within the Multicentre Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity (MEIC) study. In order to increase the MEIC data-base with a wider range of chemicals, we were interested in introducing the more practical 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) method for the quantification of the total protein content. Therefore, we investigated whether the same good results for the prediction of acute human toxicity would be obtained with the CBQCA method. The cells were treated for 24 hours, then cytotoxicity was determined by measuring the total protein content with CBQCA. The results were quantified by using the PI50c: the concentration (in mM) of test compound required to reduce the total protein content measured with the CBQCA-method by 50% as compared to the control cells. The results were compared with the PI50, the corresponding value when the Lowry method was used. A relatively low correlation was observed between PI50 and PI50c, reflecting the large and unexpected, differences when using the two protein assays. However, when comparing the log PI50c with the human toxicity, a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.761 ( n = 44) was obtained for exactly the same series of MEIC chemicals. This value is clearly higher than that for the Lowry method ( r2 = 0.695). Compared to the Lowry method originally used, the Hep G2/24-hour/CBQCA total protein assay has the additional important advantage that it can be very easily adapted for large-scale analyses with robotic systems, including the on-line calculation of the results.

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