scholarly journals Determinants of asthma in Ethiopia: age and sex matched case control study with special reference to household fuel exposure and housing characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonas Abebe ◽  
Ahmed Ali ◽  
Abera Kumie ◽  
Tewodros Haile ◽  
Mulugeta Tamire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Door Opening ◽  
Housing Characteristics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by airway obstruction and hyper-responsiveness. Studies suggest that household fuel exposure and housing characteristics are associated with air way related allergy. But there remains to be a considerable uncertainty about whether that reflects an association with asthma. This study endeavored to bridge the gap by identifying factors associated with asthma, with special reference to household fuel exposure and housing characteristics in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods We conducted a hospital-based matched case-control study. A total of 483 study participants were selected from two Ethiopian referral hospitals using a sequential sampling technique, with 161 cases and 322 controls. Standard questionnaire from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II (ECRHS II) and the American Thoracic Society Division of Lung Disease (ATS-DLD-78) were used to collect household related data. Conditional logistic regression model was applied to identify the determinants of asthma. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to identify predictors of asthma. Results The response rate for both cases and controls was 99.17%. The odds of developing asthma was about four times higher among those who used agricultural residues for cooking (AOR: 3.81, 95% CI: 1.05, 13.79)., about five times higher among those who used wood for cooking (AOR: 4.95, 95% CI: 2.1, 11.69), nearly five times higher among those who had family history of asthma (AOR: 4.72, 95% CI: 1.54, 14.45), just over six times higher among those who smoke tobacco (AOR: 6.16, 95% CI: 1.31, 29.09) and over ten times higher among those who do not practice door opening, while cooking (AOR: 10.25, 95% CI: 3.97, 26.49). Conclusion Family history of asthma, tobacco smoking, use of solid fuels including, woods and agricultural residues were associated with development of asthma. To reduce the risk of asthma, people should practice door opening, while cooking, and must avoid using wood and agricultural residues for cooking and should also refrain from tobacco smoking.

scholarly journals Family history of cardiovascular disease and risk of premature coronary heart disease: A matched case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Manas Chacko ◽  
P. Sankara Sarma ◽  
Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan ◽  
Geevar Zachariah ◽  
Panniyammakal Jeemon
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Background: Self-reported family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an independent risk factor for future coronary heart disease (CHD) events. However, inclusion of family history of CVD in the traditional risk scores failed to improve risk prediction of CHD. It is proposed that family history of CVD may substantially increase the risk of CHD among younger individuals. Methods: We conducted a matched case-control study with 170 hospital-based premature CHD patients (<55 years in men and <65 years in women) from a tertiary care centre in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala and age and sex matched community-based controls in 1:1 ratio. Conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the independent association of family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature CHD. We estimated McNemar's odds ratios and their 95 percent confidence intervals. Results: The prevalence of any family history of CVD and CHD in the control population was 24% and 21%, respectively. The family history of CVD was independently associated with premature CHD (odds ratio (OR) = 9.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.7–17.3). There was a dose-response relationship between family history and premature CHD as the risk increased linearly with increase in number of affected family members. Conclusions: Family history of CVD is an independent risk factor for premature CHD. The risk of premature CHD increases linearly with increase in number of affected family members. Collecting family history beyond parental history of CVD is important for risk stratification. Targeting young individuals with family history of CVD for intensive risk reduction interventions may help to prevent future events.

scholarly journals A matched case-control study of risk factors associated with multiple sclerosis in Kuwait

BMC Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadeel El-Muzaini ◽  
Saeed Akhtar ◽  
Raed Alroughani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Family History ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Genetic and environmental factors seem to have etiologic roles in multiple sclerosis (MS). Kuwait is regarded as medium to high risk country for MS. However, there is a paucity of published data on the risk factors for MS in Kuwait. Therefore, this matched case-control study examined the association between various factors including family history, stressful life events, exposure to tobacco smoke, vaccination history, comorbidities and MS risk in Kuwait. Methods Confirmed 110 MS cases and age (± 5 years), gender and nationality matched controls (1:1) were enrolled. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data through face-to-face interviews both from cases and controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results Among both cases and controls, majority were Kuwaiti (82.7%), and female (76.4%). Multivariable model showed that cases compared to controls were significantly more likely to have had a family history of MS (adjusted matched odds ratio (mORadj) = 5.1; 95% CI: 2.1–12.4; p < 0.001) or less likely to have been vaccinated against influenza A and B viruses before MS onset (mORadj = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2–0.8; p = 0.010). None of the other variables considered were significantly related to MS status in this study. Conclusions Family history of MS had significantly direct, whereas, vaccination against influenza A and B viruses had inverse associations with MS status. Future studies may contemplate to verify the observed results.

scholarly journals Family history of cardiovascular disease and risk of premature coronary heart disease: A matched case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Manas Chacko ◽  
P. Sankara Sarma ◽  
Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan ◽  
Geevar Zachariah ◽  
Panniyammakal Jeemon
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Background: Self-reported family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an independent risk factor for future coronary heart disease (CHD) events. However, inclusion of family history of CVD in the traditional risk scores failed to improve risk prediction of CHD. It is proposed that family history of CVD may substantially increase the risk of CHD among younger individuals. Methods: We conducted a matched case-control study with 170 hospital-based premature CHD patients (<55 years in men and <65 years in women) from a tertiary care centre in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala and age and sex matched community-based controls in 1:1 ratio. Conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the independent association of family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature CHD. We estimated McNemar's odds ratios and their 95 percent confidence intervals. Results: The prevalence of any family history of CVD and CHD in the control population was 24% and 21%, respectively. The family history of CVD was independently associated with premature CHD (odds ratio (OR) = 9.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.7–17.3). There was a dose-response relationship between family history and premature CHD as the risk increased linearly with increase in number of affected family members. Conclusions: Family history of CVD is an independent risk factor for premature CHD. The risk of premature CHD increases linearly with increase in number of affected family members. Collecting family history beyond parental history of CVD is important for risk stratification. Targeting young individuals with family history of CVD for intensive risk reduction interventions may help to prevent future events.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk of Selective and Nonselective Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors (COX-Is) in Arthritic Patients: A Comparative Matched Case Control Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-338
Author(s):  
N. Quraishi ◽  
U. Bhosale ◽  
R. Yegnanarayan ◽  
D. Devasthale
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

This study was conducted to assess and compare the cardiovascular risk and to explore the demography of CV risk of nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COX-Is) and selective COX-2-Is in arthritic patients. In this comparative matched case control study adult arthritic patients of either sex taking COX-Is for >1 yr; were included. Arthritic age and sex matched individuals with no history of COX-Is treatment were the controls. Patients those with history of any other disease (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, stroke, IHD etc.) were excluded. Patients were grouped into Control, nonselective COX-I and selective COX-2-I groups. The CV risk factors like blood pressure, blood sugar level(BSL), lipid profile, BMI(body mass index) etc. were assessed and compared; demography of CV risk factors i.e. age, sex, smoking, alcohol, heredity was also studied. Qualitative data was analyzed using Chi-square and quantitative data was analyzed by student’s‘t’-test. Study clearly revealed that all NSAIDs exhibit significant CV risk when taken over a period of time as in arthritis. However selective COX 2-Is found to exhibit more CV risk in this regard. Odds ratio (OR) for CV risk=10.3(95% CI: 1.45, 3.31) and OR for CV risk=5.2(95%CI: 1.05, 2.57) for nonselective COX-Is. BMI, BSL and lipid profile; the potential CV risk factors, showed significant impairment in selective COX 2-Is group; P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01 (HDL), P<0.001 (cholesterol), respectively compared to controls and P<0.05 compared to nonselective COX-Is. This study portrays the potential CV risk of selective COX 2-Is and confirms and re-evaluate the results of earlier studies in this regard.  Keywords: Anti-arthritic agents; BMI; COX-Is; CV risk; Lipid profile.  © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17039 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 328-338 (2014)  

scholarly journals Predictors of postconcussion syndrome after sports-related concussion in young athletes: a matched case-control study

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clinton D. Morgan ◽  
Scott L. Zuckerman ◽  
Young M. Lee ◽  
Lauren King ◽  
Susan Beaird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Control Study

OBJECT Sport-related concussion (SRC) is a major public health problem. Approximately 90% of SRCs in high school athletes are transient; symptoms recover to baseline within 1 week. However, a small percentage of patients remain symptomatic several months after injury, with a condition known as postconcussion syndrome (PCS). The authors aimed to identify risk factors for PCS development in a cohort of exclusively young athletes (9–18 years of age) who sustained SRCs while playing a sport. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective case-control study by using the Vanderbilt Sports Concussion Clinic database. They identified 40 patients with PCS and matched them by age at injury and sex to SRC control patients (1 PCS to 2 control). PCS patients were those experiencing persistent symptoms at 3 months after an SRC. Control patients were those with documented resolution of symptoms within 3 weeks of an SRC. Data were collected in 4 categories: 1) demographic variables; 2) key medical, psychiatric, and family history; 3) acute-phase postinjury symptoms (at 0–24 hours); and 4) subacute-phase postinjury features (at 0–3 weeks). The chi-square Fisher exact test was used to assess categorical variables, and the Mann-Whitney U-test was used to evaluate continuous variables. Forward stepwise regression models (Pin = 0.05, Pout = 0.10) were used to identify variables associated with PCS. RESULTS PCS patients were more likely than control patients to have a concussion history (p = 0.010), premorbid mood disorders (p = 0.002), other psychiatric illness (p = 0.039), or significant life stressors (p = 0.036). Other factors that increased the likelihood of PCS development were a family history of mood disorders, other psychiatric illness, and migraine. Development of PCS was not predicted by race, insurance status, body mass index, sport, helmet use, medication use, and type of symptom endorsement. A final logistic regression analysis of candidate variables showed PCS to be predicted by a history of concussion (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–2.8, p = 0.016), preinjury mood disorders (OR 17.9, 95% CI 2.9–113.0, p = 0.002), family history of mood disorders (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1–8.5, p = 0.026), and delayed symptom onset (OR 20.7, 95% CI 3.2–132.0, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In this age- and sex-matched case-control study of risk factors for PCS among youth with SRC, risk for development of PCS was higher in those with a personal and/or family history of mood disorders, other psychiatric illness, and migraine. These findings highlight the unique nature of SRC in youth. For this population, providers must recognize the value of establishing the baseline health and psychiatric status of children and their primary caregivers with regard to symptom reporting and recovery expectations. In addition, delayed symptom onset was an unexpected but strong risk factor for PCS in this cohort. Delayed symptoms could potentially result in late removal from play, rest, and care by qualified health care professionals. Taken together, these results may help practitioners identify young athletes with concussion who are at a greater danger for PCS and inform larger prospective studies for validation of risk factors from this cohort.

The Association Between Depression and Traumatic Brain Injury in Older Adults: A Nested Matched Case Control Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1156-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connor McGuire ◽  
Vicki L. Kristman ◽  
Lynn Martin ◽  
Michel Bédard
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Service Users ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Objective: Determine association between depression and traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the older adult home care population of Ontario, Canada (2003-2013). Method: A nested matched case control study was used, and data were retrieved for service users 65 years or older who received home care between 2003 and 2013. Incident TBI cases were matched to four controls by sex, age, and assessment date. Odds ratios and multivariable conditional logistic regression were completed. Results: 554,313 service users were included of which 5,215 (0.9%) had a TBI and 39,048 (7.0%) had depression. Fall history was an effect modifier. The association between depression and TBI was 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.93, 1.31]) for those without a history of falling, while for those with a history of falling it was 1.24 (95% CI = [1.03, 1.48]) after adjusting for education and Alzheimer’s disease. Discussion: Depression is associated with sustaining a TBI in those with a history of falling.

scholarly journals 1182. Risk Factors for the Acquisition of IMP-Type Carbapenemase-Producing Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Japan: A Matched Case–control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S357-S357
Author(s):  
Sho Saito ◽  
Kayoko Hayakawa ◽  
Masahiro Ishikane ◽  
Taichi Tajima ◽  
Nobuaki Matsunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Gi Endoscopy ◽  
Icu Stay ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The majority of CRE in Japan are IMP-type carbapenemase-producing CRE (IMP-CRE). However, research on risk factors for the acquisition of IMP-CRE has been limited, and questions exist regarding whether IMP-CRE have risk factors similar to other types of CRE such as KPC. Methods We conducted a matched case–control study involving patients from whom IMP-CRE had been isolated. The controls were selected among patients with carbapenem susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (CSE). Non-meropenem-susceptible per CLSI criteria and/or ceftazidime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were screened, and metallo-β-lactamase–positive isolates were examined for blaIMP by PCR (January 2012 to December 2016). Results Ninety-six patients with CRE were matched with 96 patients with CSE. They comprised Enterobacter sp. (n = 132 [CRE: 66, CSE: 66], 68.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 60 [CRE:30, CSE:30], 31.2%), and bacteria were most commonly isolated from sputum (n = 76 [39.6%]), followed by urine (n = 62 [32.3%]). Background factors such as age (median = 75 [IQR: 66–84]), sex (male = 56.8%), and the Charlson comorbidity index (median = 2 [IQR: 1–3.8]) were similar between CRE and CSE. In multivariate analysis, independent risk factors were identified: history of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy or surgery, history of ICU stay, and a previous exposure within 1 month to penicillins with β-lactamase inhibitors, cephalosporines, or carbapabnems. Conclusion Histories of GI endoscopy and ICU stay as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial exposure were identified as risk factors for CRE isolation. Infection control measures combined with enhanced antimicrobial stewardship are key to preventing the spread of IMP-CRE. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Risk factors for left ventricular thrombus formation on transthoracic echocardiography in a propensity-matched case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G H Tang ◽  
A Wang ◽  
L J Markson ◽  
W J Manning ◽  
J B Strom
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Introduction The specific risk factors for left ventricular thrombus (LVT) formation on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) independent of age, sex, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) remain uncertain. Purpose To conduct a propensity-matched case control study of LVT. Methods We queried structured TTE report data from 113,673 patients at our institution to identify individuals with LVT on TTE, 2000–2011. Cases were matched 1:1 with controls on age, sex, LVEF, inpatient/outpatient status, image quality, test year, blood pressure, heart rate, height, and weight. using propensity scores. Risk factors for LVT formation were determined using medical chart review. Results Over 12 years, we identified 132 patients with LVT and 132 matched controls (mean age 62.0±16.1 years, 73.1% male, mean LVEF 27.0% ± 16.0%). Cases were similar to controls across all matched variables except height (cases vs. controls, mean height 172.2±8.8 vs. 174.8±9.3 cm, p=0.03). Compared with controls, TTEs for cases were more frequently performed for the indications of myocardial infarction (MI; 28.0% vs. 9.9%, p&lt;0.001) and source of embolism (3.8% vs. 0.0%, p=0.008). Despite no differences between cases and controls in rates of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and thrombophilia (Table), a history of peripheral arterial disease was associated with a 3.4-fold increased odds of LVT formation (univariate odds ratio [OR], 3.35, 1.50–7.47, p=0.003). This association persisted despite adjustment for history of MI, stroke, height, history of recent major bleeding, and receipt of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (adjusted OR, 4.33, 1.66–11.29, p=0.003). On presentation, 22.0% of cases were on anticoagulation including 20.5% on warfarin, none on a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), and 1.5% on heparin products. Additionally, 48.5% of cases were on antiplatelet medications. Of the 27 patients on warfarin on diagnosis of LVT, 25.9% had an International Normalized Range (INR) value &lt;2.0. All TTE parameters were similar across groups (p&gt;0.05 for all). Of those with LVT, 54 (40.9%) had LVT resolution over a median of 4.4 (0.9 to 13.6) months. Conclusions In this single center, propensity-matched case-control study of individuals with LVT on TTE, a history of peripheral arterial disease was associated with a 4.3-fold increased odds of LVT formation independent of age, sex, LVEF, history of MI, stroke, or PCI. Of those with LVT, anticoagulation was used on presentation in 22.0%. Nearly half had LVT resolution within 4.4 months. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The project was funded by a grant from the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1K23HL144907 - Strom).

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