scholarly journals Mixture of clopidogrel bisulfate and magnesium oxide tablets reduces clopidogrel dose administered through a feeding tube

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manahito Aoki ◽  
Midori Naya ◽  
Shiho Arima ◽  
Kaori Shinohara ◽  
Masahiro Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Feeding Tube ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Clopidogrel Bisulfate ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Mixed Suspension

Abstract Background In clinical practice, a mixed suspension of clopidogrel bisulfate and magnesium oxide (MgO) tablets is administered frequently via a feeding tube. However, there is no report on the changes occurring when suspensions of these two drugs are combined, including the effects or potential decrease in dose following tube administration. Thus, the purpose of our study was to investigate the (i) changes caused by mixing clopidogrel bisulfate (ion form) and MgO tablets and (ii) effects on the administered clopidogrel dose after passing through a feeding tube. Methods The molecular structure of clopidogrel generated in a mixture of clopidogrel bisulfate and a basic compound, such as sodium bicarbonate or MgO tablet, was determined by 1H-NMR after extraction and purification. The suspension of clopidogrel bisulfate tablet alone and the mixed suspension of clopidogrel bisulfate tablet and MgO tablet were passed through a feeding tube. We compared the yield of the molecular form of clopidogrel from each passed fraction. Results The substance obtained from the mixture of clopidogrel bisulfate tablet and sodium bicarbonate or MgO tablet was identified as the molecular form of clopidogrel, and chemical degradation did not occur under these conditions. In the tube passage test, the yield of clopidogrel (molecular form) from the mixture of clopidogrel bisulfate and MgO tablets was lower than that from the suspension of clopidogrel bisulfate tablet alone. Conclusions The mixture of clopidogrel bisulfate and MgO tablets caused a considerable reduction in the administered dose passed through the feeding tube. Therefore, it is recommended to administer the suspensions of clopidogrel bisulfate and MgO tablets separately for safe and effective pharmacotherapy.

scholarly journals Demystifying and Unravelling the Factual Molecular Structure of the Biopolymer Sporopollenin

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abanoub Mikhael ◽  
Kristina Jurcic ◽  
Celine Schneider ◽  
David carr ◽  
Gregory L. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Soft Ionization ◽  
Biochemical Pathways

<p></p><p>Sporopollenin is a natural, highly cross-linked biopolymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which forms the outer wall of pollen grains. Sporopollenin is resilient to chemical degradation.<sup> </sup>Because of this stability, its exact chemical structure and the biochemical pathways involved in its biosynthesis remains a mystery and unresolved.<sup> </sup></p> <p>We have identified and characterized the molecular structure of the clean, intact sporopollenin using soft ionization mass spectrometric and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. These analyses showed that sporopollenin contained a poly(hydroxyacid) dendrimer-like network, which accounted for the sporopollenin empirical formula. In addition, the identified hydroxy acid monomers contained a beta diketone moiety, which most probably accounts for the known antioxidant activity of sporopollenin. Moreover, our elucidation studies allowed us to identify a unique circular polyhydroxylated tetraketide polymer. This polymer acted as the rigid backbone on which the poly(hydroxyacid) network can be built, forming the scaffold of the spherical sporopollenin exine.</p><br><p></p>

scholarly journals The effect of calcareous marine algae, with or without marine magnesium oxide, and sodium bicarbonate on rumen pH and milk production in mid-lactation dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 8027-8039 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.W. Neville ◽  
A.G. Fahey ◽  
V.P. Gath ◽  
B.P. Molloy ◽  
S.J. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Rumen Ph

Synthesis and characterization of a new (phthalocyani-nato)bis(carboxylate) silicon(IV) compound with increased solubility

2002 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
José L. Sosa-Sánchez ◽  
Alberto Galindo ◽  
Dino Gnecco ◽  
Sylvain Bernès ◽  
George R. Fern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Structure Determination ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Axial Ligands ◽  
Nmr Characterization ◽  
Soluble Silicon ◽  
Soluble Material

The synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of a new soluble silicon(IV) phthalocyanine complex is presented. The compound shows an increased solubility compared to its SiPcCl 2 precursor and this allowed solution 1 H NMR characterization. The assignment of the 1 H NMR signals for the axial ligands is greatly facilitated due to the anisotropic high ring current effects from the macrocycle. In addition, good quality crystals were grown from this more soluble material for molecular structure determination by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The molecular structure determination shows that the complex crystallizes in a non-centrosymmetric space group due to the inherent chirality of the naproxene ligands. Bond lengths and angles fit well to other analogous compounds previously reported.

Photophysical Property Investigation of Nanometer Porphyrin Oligomer

2011 ◽  
Vol 335-336 ◽  
pp. 1103-1106
Author(s):  
Ying Yan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Photophysical Property ◽  
Fluorescence Property ◽  
Stable Property ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Oligomer Formation ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
The Matrix

In this paper, ω-bromopropylporphyrin ether was firstly synthesized using 1,3-dibromopropane as bridge-linked group and 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (H2MHTPP) as the matrix. The resulting compound was then reacted with 5,15-di(4- hydroxyphenyl)-10,20-diphenyl porphyrin (trans-H2DHDPP) to give a new title nanometer porphyrin oligomer. Characterization were made by the methods of elemental analysis, UV-vis, IR, 1H NMR and XRD. Has studied the crystalline ,the fluorescence property and the heat-stable property of porphyrin monomer and porphyrin oligomer. The research discovered that the crystalline,the fluorescence property and the heat-stable property can have the very big change along with the porphyrin peripheral substitution groups as well as the oligomer formation. And the function of difference kinds of solvent and the porphyrin molecular structure symmetry also can have the very tremendous influence to the crystalline,the fluorescence property and the heat-stable property.

Synthesis and Electrochemistry of Aluminum Porphycenes: Crystal and Molecular Structure of Methyl-σ-Bonded Aluminum Etioporphycene

1997 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGER GUILARD ◽  
VIRGINIE PICHON-PESME ◽  
HASSANE LACHEKAR ◽  
CLAUDE LECOMTE ◽  
ALLY M. AUKAULOO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Crystal And Molecular Structure ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Axial Ligands ◽  
Uv Visible

The synthesis and characterization of three monomeric aluminum porphycenes with anionic or σ-bonded axial ligands is reported. The investigated compounds are represented as ( EtioPc ) Al ( CH 3) and ( EtioPc ) AlX where EtioPc represents the dianion of etioporphycene and X = Cl − or OH −. Each synthesized complex was characterized by mass spectrometry. 1 H NMR, IR and UV-visible spectroscopies as well as by electrochemistry. Comparisons are made between the properties of complexes in the aluminum etioporphycene series and related chloro- or methyl σ-bonded Al ( III ) porphyrins containing octaethylporphyrin ( OEP ) or tetraphenylporphyrin ( TPP ) macrocycles. Comparisons are also made between the currently investigated compounds and a previously reported Al ( III ) μ-oxo dimer, [( EtioPc ) Al ]2 O . In addition, the crystal and molecular structure of ( EtioPc ) Al ( CH 3) was determined by X-ray diffraction. The molecular structure of this methyl-σ-bonded aluminum etioporphycene provides the first structural data for an aluminum porphycene compound. The aluminum(III) atom in ( EtioPc ) Al ( CH 3) is pentacoordinated and is located 0.54 Å from the plane of the four N -nitrogens.

Preparation and Properties of Sulfonated β-Cyclodextrins Used as Water-Reducer

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 729-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Hua Lv ◽  
Rui Jun Gao ◽  
Di Li
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Zeta Potentials ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Adsorption Amount ◽  
Dispersing Ability ◽  
Value Changes

Sulfonated β-cyclodextrin was synthesized with β–cyclodextrins (β-CD) and concentrated sulfuric acid. The molecular structure of sulfonated β-cyclodextrin was characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR. The dispersing ability of sulfonated β-cyclodextrin was investigated using various characterization methods like paste fluidity, adsorption amount and zeta potentials measurements. The results show that compared with sulphonated naphthalene based superplasticizer (NPS), the fluidity of cement paste dosage with sulfonated β-cyclodextrin is 248 mm, the zeta potential value changes from 11.5 mV to-19.6 mV with the concentration of sulfonated β-cyclodextrin increasing from 0 to 15 g/L and the maximum adsorption amount is 20 mg/g. Meanwhile, FTIR and 1H-NMR results indicate that the sulfonic groups were grafted successfully on the molecular chain of the β-CD.

scholarly journals FeCl3-catalyzed Synthesis of Dehydrodiisoeugenol

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Athina Mardhatillah ◽  
Mutakin Mutakin ◽  
Jutti Levita
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Crystalline Form ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Abundance Peak ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
C Nmr

Dehydrodiisoeugenol (DDIE) synthesis has been performed by modifying a method recommended by Leopold with a different ratio of isoeugenol and FeCl<sub>3</sub> (1.9:1). FeCl<sub>3</sub> was chosen as catalyst due to its efficiency and environment-friendly property. This modification yielded 22.93 % of product. The product, a white crystalline form, was characterized using thin layer chromatography, melting point, UV, IR, HRMS, and NMR spectroscopy, as well as HPLC, employing pure DDIE as the standard. TLC chromatogram showed Rf 0.32 using n-hexane/ethyl acetate (8:2). The crystals melted at 138-139 <sup>o</sup>C, while its UV maximum was detected at l 273 nm. IR spectrum showed a specific broad O-H stretch at 3437.15 cm<sup>-1</sup>, C-H aromatic and C-H alkene at 3163.26 and 3024.38 cm<sup>-1</sup>, C-H alkyl stretch at 2951.09 and 2927.94 cm<sup>-1</sup>. An overtone peak of aromatic was detected at 2100 to 1700 cm<sup>-1</sup>. C-O peak was detected at 1126.43 cm<sup>-1</sup>. HPLC showed that this compound was eluted at 11.886 minutes after it was injected to a C18 column 250 x 4 mm using a mixture of methanol and double distilled water (73:27) for mobile phase. HRMS spectra predicted that the molecular structure is C<sub>20</sub>H<sub>22</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as showed by abundance peak at <em>m/z </em>327.1595 of [M+H]<sup>+</sup>. <sup>1</sup>H-NMR and <sup>13</sup>C-NMR indicated that the synthesized compound contains 13 types of proton and 20 types of carbon. Herein we reported that white needle-like crystals of DDIE using FeCl<sub>3</sub> as catalyst had been synthesized, moreover the decreasing of the catalyst reduced the yield of the product.

Light Induced Properties of Chalcones Correlated with Molecular Structure and Photophysical Properties for Permanent Optical Storage Device

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 1149-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Sidharth ◽  
A.R. Yuvaraj ◽  
Tay Joo Hui ◽  
B.K. Sarojini ◽  
M. Yusoff Mashitah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Optical Storage ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Chalcone Derivative ◽  
C Nmr

The photoisomerization effect on new chalcone derivative is reported. The synthesized chalcone was characterized by different spectral analysis such as1H-NMR,13C-NMR, FTIR, LCMS and UV/Vis. It revealed the photoisomerization effect in solution, theE-Zisomerization occurred around 60sec, whereasZ-Eisomerism occurred at 0min. This chalcone derivative is more useful in fabrication of permanent optical storage devices.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Molecular Structure of 4′,9′,4″,9″-Tetra-tert-butyl-1′,6′,1″,6″-tetramethoxy-2,5-dioxa[3.3]metabiphenylophane

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuji Moriguchi ◽  
Tatsuya Egami ◽  
Akihiko Tsuge
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Solvent Molecule ◽  
Dihedral Angles ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Crystal Space

A large calixarene-like metacyclophane, 4′,9′,4″,9″-tetra-tert-butyl-1′,6′,1″,6″-tetramethoxy-2,5-dioxa[3.3]metabiphenylophane, was synthesized by an intermolecular condensation reaction of its corresponding bischloromethyl-biphenyl and bishydroxymethyl-biphenyl precursors. After molecular characterization by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, the compound generated single crystals by recrystallization from a dichloromethane/hexane mixture, facilitating an exact conformational determination via X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal was found to belong to the monoclinic space group P21/n with cell parameters a = 19.908(2) Å, b = 9.7193(11) Å, c = 23.350(3) Å, β = 109.594(1)°, and Dcalc=1.150 g/cm3 at 90 K. The compound adopted quite strained 1,2-alternate-like conformations because its biphenyl parts displayed large dihedral angles and rigidity. The crystal did not incorporate any solvent molecule but its molecular cavity and crystal space were effectively filled by the substituents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document