scholarly journals Infant and child health status ahead of implementation of an integrated intervention to improve nutrition and survival: a cross-sectional baseline assessment

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Nene Odjidja ◽  
Sonia Hakizimana ◽  
Ghislaine Gatasi ◽  
Jean-Berchmans Masabo ◽  
Gildas Irakoze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
Integrated Intervention ◽  
Child Health Status

Abstract Background Burundi has one of the poorest child health outcomes in the world. With an acute malnutrition rate of 5% and a chronic malnutrition rate of 56%, under five death is 78 per 1000 live births and 47 children for every 1000 children will live until their first birthday. In response to this grim statistics, Village Health Works, a Burundian-American organisation has invested in an integrated clinical and community intervention model to improve child health outcomes. The aim of this study is to measure and report on child health indicator ahead of implementing this model. Methods A cross sectional design was employed, adopting the Demographic Health Survey methodology. We reached out to a sample of 952 households comprising of 2675 birth, in our study area. Mortality data was analysed with R package for mortality computation and other outcomes using SPSS. Principal component analysis was used to classify households into wealth quintiles. Logistic regression was used to assess strength of associations and significance of association was considered at 95% confidence level. Results The incidence of low birth weight (LBW) was 6.4% at the study area compared to 10% at the national level with the strongest predictor being malnourished women (OR 1.4 95%CI 1.2–7.2 p = 0.043). Fever incidence was higher in the study area (50.5%) in comparison to 39.5% nationally. Consumption of minimum acceptable diet was showed a significant protection against fever (OR 0.64 95%CI 0.41–0.94 p = 0.042). Global Acute Malnutrition rate was 7.6% and this significantly reduced with increasing age of child. Under-five mortality rate was 32.1 per 1000 live births and infant mortality was 25.7 per 1000 in the catchment with most deaths happening within the first 28 days of life (57.3%). Conclusion Improving child health status is complex, therefore, investing into an integrated intervention for both mother and child could yield best results. Given that most under-five deaths occurred in the neonatal period, implementing integrated clinical and community newborn care interventions are critical.

scholarly journals Health Interventions and Child Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: Assessing the Impact of the Millennium Development Goal

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatomisin M. Ogundipe ◽  
Oluranti I. Olurinola ◽  
Adeyemi A. Ogundipe
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

The study investigates the role of health interventions on child health in developing Africa for the period 1990-2013 using a dynamic panel approach. Among others, the study examines the effect of millennium development intervention programme on child health outcomes. Our analysis reveals MDG intervention as extremely pertinent in reducing the incidence of child mortality in Africa. It implies that introduction of MDGs culminates into increasing the rate of child survival in Africa. Similarly, maternal literacy, maternal health and other child protective measures adopted were found to be statistically significant in improving child health outcomes. The proportion of under-five mortality (proxy for child health) responds more strongly and negatively to immunization coverage, exclusive breastfeeding and DPT vaccines. On the other hand, the quality of institution contributively impact under-five mortality in Africa. Finally, there is need to strengthen institutional arrangement, ensure compulsory basic education for women and strengthen the health system to achieve full packages of intervention, curtain the rising incidence of child deaths and attain the MDGs.

Private Health Care Expenditure and Child Health Outcomes in the World’s Poorest Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 557-574
Author(s):  
Jehad Yasin ◽  
Azmat Gani
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Private Health Care ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Child Health Outcomes

AbstractEmpirical studies investigating the direct effects of private health expenditure on child health outcomes for the world’s poorest countries are rare. This study attempts to fill this gap. The methodology includes empirical estimations of cross-country annual data for the period 1995-2010 for several low-income countries. The results obtained through fixed-effects estimation provide strong evidence that private health care spending has the expected negative and statistically significant effect on neonatal, infant and under-five mortality rates. The findings also reveal that other than private health care spending, income, nutrition, urbanization, family size, immunization against measles, and access to an improved water supply and sanitation as other strong determinants of neonatal, infant and under-five mortality rates. Some policy implications are drawn.

Picture of the health status of Aboriginal children living in an urban setting of Sydney

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzie Gardner ◽  
Susan Woolfenden ◽  
Lola Callaghan ◽  
Trudy Allende ◽  
Jennifer Winters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
Aboriginal Women ◽  
Aboriginal Children ◽  
And Child Health

Objectives The aims of the present study were to: (1) describe the health status and health indicators for urban Aboriginal children (age 0–16 years) in south-east Sydney; and (2) evaluate the quality of routinely collected clinical data and its usefulness in monitoring local progress of health outcomes. Methods Aboriginal maternal and child health routine data, from multiple databases, for individuals accessing maternal and child health services between January 2007 and December 2012 were examined and compared with state and national health indicators. Results Reductions in maternal smoking, premature delivery and low birthweight delivery rates were achieved in some years, but no consistent trends emerged. Paediatric services had increased referrals each year. The most frequent diagnoses were nutritional problems, language delay or disorder and developmental delay or learning difficulties. Twenty per cent of children had a chronic medical condition requiring long-term follow-up. Aboriginal children were more likely to be discharged from hospital against medical advice than non-Aboriginal children. Routinely collected data did not include some information essential to monitor determinants of health and health outcomes. Conclusions Aboriginal children living in this urban setting had high levels of need. Routinely recorded data were suboptimal for monitoring local health status and needed to reflect national and state health indicators. Routinely collected data can identify service gaps and guide service development. What is known about this topic? Despite improvements in some areas, there continue to be significant gaps in maternal and child health outcomes between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians. These are poorly documented at a local service level. What does this paper add? Intensive, local services offered to Aboriginal women and children can result in rapid service engagement. Health service data routinely collected by local services can be used to demonstrate reductions in antenatal risk factors in pregnant Aboriginal women, even within the short time frame of 6 years. However, improvements in child health outcomes may require longer time frames. In this urban setting, the most frequent diagnoses in Aboriginal children attending the service were nutritional problems, language delay or disorder and developmental delay or learning difficulties. What are the implications for practitioners? Key information regarding determinants of health should be routinely monitored at a local level to understand local rates and health needs in addition to evaluating and quantifying the effectiveness of service delivery or health promotion activities.

scholarly journals Parental Care on Under Five Child Health Outcomes in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pius Gamette ◽  
Refiloe Jabari ◽  
Sibusisiwe Bertha Muperere
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Poor Child ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Individual

This study examines the effect of parental care on child health outcomes (stunting, wasting and underweight) in Zimbabwe. The study uses data from the Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS) (1994-2015) by employing the Ordinary Least Method (OLS) regression approach. The results indicate that breastfeeding and vaccination on each count has a significant negative effect on under-five child health outcomes (stunting and wasting). On the contrary, child-size shows a significant positive effect on wasting and underweight among under-five children in Zimbabwe. Area of residence indicates an under five-child in an urban center is less likely to be wasting than its contemporary in a rural area. The individual effects of mothers’ education, wealth index, child’s sex and marital status show insignificant effects under-five child health outcomes. The policy implication is that health professionals should intensify education on early child suckling and succeeding dietary mix to obviate poor health outcomes. This study also implores the Ministry of Health and Child Care in Zimbabwe to review existing vaccination programmes by extending to households with poor child health outcomes found in inaccessible areas. As a contribution, this study provides a platform for deliberations on family care and child health care in African societies.

scholarly journals Effects of Parental Public Health Insurance Eligibility on Parent and Child Health Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maithreyi Gopalan ◽  
Caitlin Lombardi ◽  
Lindsey Rose Bullinger
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
Doctor Visits ◽  
Elementary Aged Children ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Self Reported Health Status ◽  
And Child Health

Many states expanded their Medicaid programs to low-income adults under the Affordable Care Act (ACA). These expansions increased Medicaid coverage among low-income parents and their children. Whether these improvements in coverage and healthcare use lead to better health outcomes for parents and their children remains unanswered. We used longitudinal data on a large, nationally representative cohort of elementary-aged children from low-income households from 2010-2016. Using a difference-in-differences approach in state Medicaid policy decisions, we estimated the effect of the ACA Medicaid expansions on parent and child health. We found that parents’ self-reported health status improved significantly post-expansion in states that expanded Medicaid through the ACA by 4 percentage points (p < 0.05), a 4.7% improvement. We found no significant changes in children’s utilization of routine doctor visits or parents’ assessment of their children’s health status. We observed modest decreases in children’s body mass index (BMI) of about 2% (p < 0.05), especially for girls.

scholarly journals Infant and Child health status ahead of implementation of an integrated intervention to improve nutrition and survival: A difference-in-difference quasi-experimental baseline assessment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Nene Odjidja ◽  
Sonia Hakizimana ◽  
Ghislaine Gatasi ◽  
Jean-Berchmans Masabo ◽  
Gildas Irakoze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Baseline Assessment ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Chronic Malnutrition ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Child Health Status

Abstract Background Burundi has one of the poorest child health outcomes in the world. With an acute malnutrition rate of 5% and a chronic malnutrition rate of 56%, under five death is 78 per 1000 live births and 47 children in every 1000 children will not celebrate their first birthday. In response, Village Health Works, a Burundian-American organisation has invested in an integrated clinical and community intervention model. Ahead of implementation of this initiative, we conduct a baseline assessment using a difference-in-difference design in an effort to measure incremental effects. Methods A quasi-experimental evaluation design (difference-in-difference) was employed. Adopting the methodology of the DHS, a sample of 952 and 990 households comprising of 2675 and 3311 birth histories respectively in the treatment and control areas were reached. Mortality data were analysed with R package for mortality computation, Complex Samples Module of IBM – SPSS for other outcomes and Emergency Nutrition Assessment software for nutrition data. Logistic regression was used to assess strength of associations and cox regression model for assessing risk of mortality Results The incidence of low birth weight (LBW) was 5.7% at the program area compared to 7.2% at the controlled area with the strongest predictor being malnourished women (OR 1.4 95%CI 1.2 – 7.2 p=0.043). Fever incidence was higher in the program area (50.5%) in comparison to 48.4% in the control. Non-consumption of minimum acceptable diet was significantly associated with fever (OR 1.67 95%CI 1.07 – 2.61). Acute and chronic malnutrition was 7.6% and 45.8% respectively with non-receipt of Vitamin A was significantly associated with chronic malnutrition. Under-five mortality rate was 32.1 per 1000 live births in the program area and 33.6 in the control. Infant mortality rate was 25.7 in program area and 20.4 in the control. Risk of under-five mortality was higher in the neonatal period (HR 20.72 95% 8.64 – 49.65 p=0.001). Conclusion Improving child health status is complex and therefore investing into an integrated intervention yields best results. Given that the risk of all under-five was higher at the neonatal period, strengthening the health system to provide quality care is crucial.

scholarly journals Assessment of Socio-Demographic Factors, Mother and Child Health Status, Water, Sanitation, and Hygienic Conditions Existing in a Hilly Rural Village of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhandari ◽  
Bak ◽  
Lee ◽  
Chon ◽  
Bhattachan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Febrile Disease ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
Mother And Child Health ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Child Health Status ◽  
And Child Health

In many low income developing countries, socioeconomic, environmental and demographic factors have been linked to around half of the disease related deaths that occur each year. The aim of this study is to investigate the sociodemographic factors, mother and child health status, water, sanitation, and hygienic conditions of a Nepalese community residing in a hilly rural village, and to identify factors associated with mother and child health status and the occurrence of diarrheal and febrile disease. A community-based cross-sectional survey was carried out and 315 households from the village of Narjamandap were included in this study. Factors associated with diarrhea, febrile disease, and full maternal and under-five immunizations were assessed using logistic regression. Results showed that higher education level (middle school versus primary education; Odds Ratio (OR): 0.55, p = 0.04; high school versus primary education; OR 0.21, p = 0.001) and having a toilet facility at home were significantly associated with a lower risk of developing diarrhea and febrile disease (OR 0.49, p = 0.01), while, interestingly, the use of improved water supply was associated with higher risk (OR 3.07, p = 0.005). In terms of maternal immunization, the odds of receiving a tetanus toxoid vaccination were higher in women who had regular antenatal checkups (OR 12.9, p < 0.001), and in those who developed complications during pregnancy (OR 4.54, p = 0.04); for under-five immunization, the odds of receiving full vaccination were higher among children from households that reported diarrhea (OR 2.76, p < 0.001). The findings of this study indicated that gaps still exist in the mother and child healthcare being provided, in terms of receiving antenatal checkups and basic immunizations, as evidenced by irregular antenatal checkups, incomplete and zero vaccination cases, and higher under-five deaths. Specific public health interventions to promote maternal health and the health of under-five children are suggested.

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