The genetic diversity of the genus Mus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the eastern part of the North Caucasus

BMC Zoology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatimat Tembotova ◽  
Ekaterina Kuchinova ◽  
Albina Amshokova ◽  
Ekaretina Kononenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Mt Dna ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Nucleotide Variability ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background There are two species of Mus in the Caucasus: M. musculus and M. macedonicus. M. musculus is widespread in the Caucasus, where the species is found everywhere from the Black to the Caspian Sea. M. macedonicus is ubiquitous Transcaucasia. The most north-astern border of its distribution in the Caucasus, according to the literature, is located in the Derbent region, near the border between Dagestan and Azerbaijan. Results Cytochrome b mt-DNA of genus Mus research in this study in the Eastern Caucasus. About 70% of M. musculus haplotypes from the lowlands of Dagestan were recorded for the first time. One of these haplotypes accounts for approximately 25% of the total species diversity of haplotypes. M. macedonicus was found in only one locality, the Sarykum barchans, where this species prevails in number and accounts for 70% of the total number mice of the genus Mus. The species is characterized by low values of genetic diversity and nucleotide variability, which may indicate that the population originated from a small number of founders and may explain its relative isolation from the main range. The dating of the appearance of the ancestors of M. musculus in the east of the Russian Caucasus corresponds to 99-66 thousand years ago (at a mutation rate of 3-10% per million years). Conclusion The results obtained suggest that the history of the appearance of M. musculus in the Eastern Caucasus is more ancient and is not associated with human agricultural activities. We believe that possibly the ancestral range of M. musculus covered the eastern and western coasts of the Caspian Sea in the territory of southern Dagestan, Azerbaijan, and Iran. In this paper M. macedonicus, a Balkan-Asia Minor species, was registered for the first time in the North Caucasus. This species was registered in the center of Dagestan, where it inhabits sympatrically (on the territory) and syntopically (on the same biotope) with M. musculus. The low values of genetic diversity of M. macedonicus in the North Caucasus suggest that the population originated from a small group of founders.

scholarly journals Этнография Кавказа и культурное наследие Великого Шелкового пути

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
The North

В статье исследуется связь объектной зоны этнографической науки, народной традиционной культуры и историко-культурного наследия как формы современной актуализации культуры прошлого. В качестве модели этнографического изучения культурного наследия рассматриваются последствия для региональной культуры народов Северного Кавказа деятельности местной трассы Великого шелкового пути самой крупной евразийской трассы эпохи Древности и Средневековья. Основой подхода является представление региональных участков трасс великих путей Евразии как культургеоценозов, сложение культурного наследия в которых имеет как местные корни, так и последствия их включения в большой культургеоценоз Великого шелкового пути. В пределах региональной культуры народов Северного Кавказа такими культургеоценозами признаются части ареалов шелководства и шелкоткачества на Кавказе и крупные ареалы высокогорья (область башенных памятников Большого Кавказа) и предгорий Северного Кавказа (районы, входившие в социально-политическое пространство Великой Черкесии).The article discusses the relationship between folk traditional culture and historical and cultural heritage as a form of contemporary actualization of the culture of the past. The results of the activities of the local route of the Great Silk Road for the regional culture of the peoples of the North Caucasus are regarded as a model for an ethnographic study of cultural heritage. The basis of the approach is the presentation of regional sections of the routes of the great roads of Eurasia as culture geocenoses. The formation of cultural heritage in such culture geocenoses has both local roots and consequences of their inclusion in the large culture geocenosis of the Great Silk Road. Within the regional culture of the peoples of the North Caucasus such geocenoses are parts of the silkgrowing and silkweaving areas of the Caucasus, large areas of high mountains (the area of handicraft sites of mountainous Dagestan and the area of tower monuments of the Greater Caucasus) and the foothills of the North Caucasus (areas included in the sociopolitical space of Great Circassia). Sericulture in the northern part of the Caucasus was the occupation of the population of the forested foothills of the Greater Caucasus, but at the end of the 19th century the population of West Adyg and Abkhaz lands were excluded from this occupation. From the Caspian Sea to Kabarda, inclusive, the craft of weaving womens shawls with silk threads was spread. Printed fabrics and patterned textile materials came to the North Caucasus from the South Caucasian urban centers mainly located near the Caspian Sea. At the same time, part of the population of the region of the NorthEastern Caucasus steadily specialized in the production of silkworm eggs. The internal roads of Dagestan associated with the route of the Great Silk Road have played a historic role in the promotion of stimulating cultural impulses into the economic life of the highlanders. This may explain the concentration of settlements in mountainous Dagestan, whose population specialized in various types of artistic craft. Indirect evidence of the involvement of internal Dagestan in the channels of distribution and accumulation of samples of imported silk in the Caucasus is the socalled phenomenon Kaytag embroidery. The formation of the area of North Caucasian towers is associated with climatic and political changes in the region, characteristic of the final period of its inclusion in the section of the Great Silk Road. The article makes an assumption about the dependence of the genesis of the socioeconomic specifics of Great Circassia on the need to preserve the previous trade relations in the era that followed the cessation of the functioning of the Great Silk Road in the Caucasus.

scholarly journals FROM THE HISTORY OF THE OPENING OF VLADIKAVKAZ RAILWAY

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Ф.С. Киреев
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
History Of ◽  
Privately Owned

В статье анализируются причины строительства Владикавказской железной дороги и механизм сооружения этой важной железнодорожной артерии. Актуальность темы анализа истории развития железнодорожной сети Северо-Кавказского региона определяется необходимостью подробного изучения проблем ее социально-экономического развития. Строительство Ростово-Владикавказской железной дороги также является примером государственно-частного сотрудничества, которое хорошо себя оправдало. Дорога была построена полностью за счет средств акционеров, среди которых были как крупные промышленники, так и простые обыватели. Находясь в частной собственности, Владикавказская железная дорога хорошо функционировала и развивалась. При этом государство получило важную транспортную артерию, имевшую большое экономическое и военно-стратегическое значение. Немаловажным было и то, что за счет Владикавказской железной дороги был построен ряд социальных объектов – больницы, учебные заведения. В статье также показана заинтересованность общественности Владикавказа и региона в целом в строительстве железной дороги. Различные варианты прокладки пути, строительства станций широко обсуждались как специалистами, так и простыми горожанами. В итоге был выбран наиболее оптимальный путь и месторасположения станции Владикавказ. В свое время, благодаря открытию Владикавказской железной дороги, был дан заметный импульс дальнейшему развитию торговли и промышленности на Северном Кавказе. Последующее расширение транспортных артерий уже в наши дни может существенно оживить экономику Кавказа и России в целом, а также внести свой вклад в деле развития туризма в регионе. В связи с этим и необходимо анализировать историю строительства Владикавказской железной дороги и перенимать лучший опыт прошлого. The article analyzes the reasons for constructing Vladikavkaz railway and the mechanism of constructing this important railway artery. The topic relevance of studying the history of the railway network in the North Caucasus is determined by the necessity for further problem research of its socio-economic development. In its time Vladikavkaz railway had a huge impact on the development of trade and industry in the North Caucasus. The construction of the Rostov-Vladikavkaz railway is also an example of public-private cooperation, which has paid off well. The road was built entirely at the expense of shareholders, among whom were both large industrialists and ordinary people. Being privately owned, the Vladikavkaz railway functioned and developedwell. At the same time, the state acquired an important transport artery of great economic and military-strategic importance. It was also important that a number of social facilities were built at the expense of the Vladikavkaz railway - hospitals, educational institutions. The article also shows the interest of the public in Vladikavkaz and the region as a whole in the construction of the railway. Various options for laying the track, building stations were widely discussed by both specialists and ordinary citizens. As a result, the most optimal route and location of the Vladikavkaz station were chosen. Further expansion of transport arteries today can significantly revive the economy of the Caucasus and Russia as a whole, as well as contribute to the development of tourism in the region. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the history of constructing Vladikavkaz railway and adopt the best experience of the past.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon dating of the bronze age bone pins from Eurasian steppe

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Shishlina ◽  
Johan Plicht ◽  
Elya Zazovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Eurasian Steppe ◽  
Culture Formation ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Bronze Age

AbstractBone catapult and hammer-headed pins played one of very specific roles in funerary offerings in the Bronze Age graves uncovered in the Eurasian Steppes and the North Caucasus. Scholars used different types of pins as key grave offerings for numerous chronological models. For the first time eight pins have been radiocarbon dated. 14C dating of bone pins identified the catapult type pin as the earliest one. They marked the period of the Yamnaya culture formation. Then Yamnaya population produced hammer-headed pins which became very popular in other cultural environments and spread very quickly across the Steppe and the Caucasus during 2900–2650 cal BC. But according to radiocarbon dating bone pins almost disappeared after 2600 cal BC.

A new species of Pedicia s.str. (Diptera: Pediciidae) from the North Caucasus, Russia

Zoosymposia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKOLAY M. PARAMONOV
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Pedicia (Pedicia) savtshenkoi, is described from Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Russia. This species of nominative subgenus Pedicia is discovered for the first time in the Caucasus. A key to males of West Palaearctic species of Pedicia (Pedicia) is presented.

scholarly journals ON THE FORMATION OF ETHNOMEDICINE OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS PEOPLES

2022 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Галина Григорьевна Тхагапсова
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
High Effectiveness ◽  
The North ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Formation

Статья посвящена истории формирования этномедицины народов Северного Кавказа. Ставится задача уточнения динамики исторического процесса относительно формирования этномедицины народов Северного Кавказа. Материалы исследований многих авторов по истории медицины подтверждают высокую эффективность лекарского искусства в оказании хирургической помощи, которую отмечали многие наблюдатели в период Кавказской войны. Несомненно, опыт лекарского искусства на Кавказе имеет весьма древнюю историю. Он накапливался эмпирическим путем и, передаваясь от отца к сыну, формировал династии лекарей, имевшие свой опыт и свои секреты врачевания. Не исключается взаимовлияние культур народов, в частности арабской медицины, которая способствовала формированию врачей традиционной арабской школы медицины. Таким образом, народных целителей можно разделить на два типа: чье лечение содержало доисламские и исламские методы. Отмечается, что именно народные лекари с доисламским опытом сопровождали войска в походах и показали высокую эффективность своих методов, получив заслуженную оценку многих врачей в годы Кавказской войны. The paper is devoted to the history of formation of ethnomedicine of the peoples of the North Caucasus. The task is to clarify the dynamics of the historical process regarding the formation of ethnomedicine of the peoples of the North Caucasus. The research materials of many authors on the history of medicine confirm the high effectiveness of medicinal art in the provision of surgical care, which was noted by many observers during the Caucasian War. Undoubtedly, the experience of medicinal art in the Caucasus has a very ancient history. It accumulated empirically and, passing from father to son, formed dynasties of doctors who had their own experience and their secrets of healing. The mutual influence of the cultures of peoples, in particular Arab medicine, which contributed to the formation of doctors of the traditional Arab school of medicine, is not excluded. Thus, folk healers can be divided into two types: whose treatment contained pre-Islamic and Islamic methods. It is noted that it was people's doctors with pre-Islamic experience who accompanied the troops on campaigns and showed the high effectiveness of their methods, having received a well-deserved assessment of many doctors during the Caucasian war.

The Caucasus in the History of Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor' Bocharnikov
Keyword(s):  
North Caucasus ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Free Development ◽  
Modern Experience

The monograph defines the origins, essence and content of the Caucasian policy of Russia, its main stages, its significance for the development of Russian statehood and the peoples of the region. The monograph pays special attention to the Caucasian wars of Russia, the experience of suppressing anti-Russian and anti-Soviet armed demonstrations in the region. The historical and modern experience of the development of the Caucasus region shows that the weakening of Russia's position in the region naturally leads to an escalation of tension and conflict, aggravation of inter-ethnic contradictions, manifestations of extremism and other forms of destructive activities that threaten the life of citizens and peoples of the Caucasus. As a result, the strength of Russia's position in the Caucasus is a guarantee of the safe and free development of the peoples of the region. The author's conclusions and suggestions presented in the monograph can be used in the process of implementing a balanced and verified policy in order to ensure the national security and interests of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasus, building relations with neighboring states in the region, as well as other international actors positioning their involvement in the political processes of the South Caucasus. It is addressed to researchers, teachers, students, a wide range of readers.

Islamic State on the wane in Russian North Caucasus

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Guerrilla Warfare ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian North ◽  
History Of

Subject The evolution of North Caucasian insurgency. Significance As the Islamic State (IS) group retreats in Iraq and Syria, the North Caucasus seems an obvious place to relocate, with its history of guerrilla warfare and an IS presence. So far that has not happened. Many Caucasian fighters have been killed in the Middle East while local IS groups have been hit hard by Russian security forces. Armed Islamist groups that existed before IS are seeing a resurgence and are the main source of current security threats. Impacts IS's weakness in the Caucasus will not prevent sporadic attacks on urban centres in European Russia. Militant attacks will be an irritant and a brake on investment but are unlikely to become a major regional threat. Moscow is trying to force better governance on Dagestan and may do so elsewhere.

scholarly journals “A JOURNEY TO ARMENIA, TURKEY AND CILICIA” BY THE BISHOP VARDAN ODZNETSI AS AN IMPORTANT SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF THE CAUCASUS OF THE XVIII–XIX CENTURIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Shakhban M. Khapizov ◽  
Hayk E. Hakobyan
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The paper analyses the content of some of the parts of the work of the Armenian author of the 19th century bishop Vardan Odznetsi, kept in Matenadaran – the Institute of Ancient Manuscripts of Armenia. The full text of the work has not yet been published. The text is unique, as it is one of the last sources, written in the style of the Armenian historical literature of the Middle Ages. In his work, Vardan Odznetsi tells in detail about the court of the Georgian king Heraclius II (1720–1798). It also provides information about the Talysh Khan Mustafa and the Avar Nutsal Ummah Khan, known in historiography under the distorted name of Omar Khan. Thus, the chronicle of Odznetsi covers the history of not only Transcaucasia, but also the North Caucasus. In addition, the author describes in sufficient detail the events of the Crimean War (1853–1856). The information, provided by Vardan Odznetsi, is quite important in the context of studies devoted to the anti-Ottoman and anti-Iranian wars of the peoples of the Caucasus. In his work, a special attention is drawn to the scrupulous description of the invasion of Tbilisi in the summer of 1795 by the Iranian shah Aga-Muhammad Khan Kajar. With deep regret he tells about the destruction of the city, believing that this is the fault of the Georgian king, who showed political shortsightedness. In the 1790s Avar nutsal Ummah Khan (1761-1801) started to play an important role in the military-political events taking place in the South Caucasus, which is also mentioned in the work under review. He describes the relations of Umma Khan and his son-in-law Ibrahim-khan of Karabakh, their joint military campaigns on adjacent lands. At the same time, the work under study is an important source describing the transition of the kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti, and subsequently the entire Caucasus, under the protection of the Russian Empire. A study of this manuscript will serve as a more detailed source-study of the history of the Caucasus of the 18th – 19th centuries.

scholarly journals New species of the genus Asplenium L. (Aspleniaceae) for the flora of Europe and Russia

Turczaninowia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Aleksey A. Kechaykin ◽  
Michail V. Skaptsov ◽  
Alexander A. Batkin ◽  
Ilja N. Timukhin ◽  
Boris S. Tuniyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Flora Of Europe ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
First Time

Analysis of ploidy and DNA content of Asplenium septentrionale s. l. from the Crimea, the Caucasus and Europe showed the presence of diploid forms. This allowed for the first time to draw a conclusion about the growth of Asplenium caucasicum (Fraser-Jenkins et Lovis) Viane in Europe and Russia, described from Asia. For the first time Asplenium onopteris L. was reorded in the North Caucasus.

scholarly journals The chronicles “Tarikh Chachan” by Iznaur Nesserhoev (translation and commentaries)

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-97
Author(s):  
Zelimkhan Adamovich Tesaev ◽  
Khasan Usmanovich Basnukaev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
New Records ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Medieval History ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
The North ◽  
Introductory Part ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

This article is first to examine one of the lists of chronicle that goes under the code name “The Chronicle of the Exodus of the ancestors of the tribe Nahci from the Settlement of Nahcivan" (N. S. Semenov). Iznaur Nesserhoev – scribe of the list – names the chronicle “Tarikh Chachan”, which is taken as the basis in this article. H. U. Basnukaev translated the text of this list of manuscript; Z. A. Tesaev compiled the commentaries on the translation and conducted scientific research relying on analysis of the contents of manuscript and its comparison with other lists. The author carries out a comparative analysis between this version of “Tarikh Chachan” and the previously published materials (N. Semenov, P. Takhnaeva, A. Salgiriev, etc.) is carried out. Publication of the translation and examination of the contents of the manuscript “Tarikh Chachan” are performed for the first time. This article reveals the similarities, discrepancies and new records on the content of a number of other lists of the chronicle under review. The examined text of “Tarikh Chachan” indicated the new, previously unpublished details in the narrative dedicated to the personalities of the Kalmyk Khan – Nowruz Khan along with other Caucasian rulers of Kakhar and Surakat. The author observes the identity of the introductory part of the text and the main plotline in the lists of the aformentioned authors (N. Semenov, P. Takhnaeva, A. Salgiriev, etc.). The conclusion is made that this list of the chronicles "Tarikh of Chachan" is an additional source on the medieval history of the North Caucasus.

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