scholarly journals Social validity of a contextual behavioral science-based intervention for retirement education

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Martins Barbosa ◽  
Sheila Giardini Murta
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Social Validity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Dynamic Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Contextual Behavioral Science

AbstractThe literature shows that retirement can bring both positive and negative effects. However, there are few tested interventions for preparing workers for this transition and avoiding or minimizing its negative impacts. This paper presents a study with multiple groups that examined the social validity of an intervention for retirement education grounded in contextual behavioral science and acceptance and commitment therapy. Twenty-seven workers aged 29 to 65 divided into three intervention groups participated (group 1, N = 15; group 2, N = 9; group 3, N = 3). According to the participants’ evaluations, the intervention provided socially valid goals, socially acceptable procedures, and socially important effects. However, some improvements are still needed, such as the use of more dynamic methods, better formatted printed material, and increased fidelity between the content’s implementation and the prescribed activities. The positive results indicate that contextual behavioral science may bolster the development of interventions whose components possess evidence for their social validity. The further evaluation of the intervention via a clinical trial study will offer more robust evidence for its effectiveness. It is hoped that by increasing the availability of theory-based interventions in this area, the present study will promote valid strategies to facilitate better adjustment to retirement.

scholarly journals Microbiological analysis in the fixation and preservation of dog cadavers with ethyl alcohol and sodium chloride solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3099
Author(s):  
Natália Pereira ◽  
Marita Vedovelli Cardozo ◽  
Thiago André Salvitti de Sá Rocha ◽  
Raphael Chiarelo Zero ◽  
Fernando Antônio de Ávila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

There are several fixative or preservative solutions for use on cadavers, and formaldehyde is the most widely used. However, this chemical may present negative effects for professionals who manipulate it. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and quantify the main microorganisms related to the fixation and preservation of dog cadavers using an alternative and formaldehyde-free solution. After arterial injection (120 mL kg?1 95% 96° GL ethyl alcohol and 5% pure glycerin), cadavers were placed in 96° GL ethyl alcohol for 30 (group 1), 60 (group 2), 90 (group 3), and 120 days (group 4). After the fixation period, they remained under preservation in a 30% aqueous sodium chloride solution for 120 days. Bacterial quantification was performed by the pour plate method. The bacterial population was present in all groups during fixation, except for group 1, but never exceeded 9 × 101 CFU mL?1 in total aerobes and 7 × 101 CFU mL?1 in total anaerobes. The microbial population was present in all groups in at least two moments during preservation and never exceeded 7 × 101 CFU mL?1 in total aerobes and anaerobes. The presence of fungi was observed in 8 out of 34 analyses. Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli, and Bacillus sp. were identified in the analyzed samples. Microbiological counting was low, and no signs of contamination were observed in the vats at visual inspection.

Arbitration in its Psychological Context

2020 ◽  
pp. 909-950
Author(s):  
Tony Cole ◽  
Pietro Ortolani ◽  
Sean Wright
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
The Social ◽  
Contextual Behavioral Science ◽  
Professional Context

This concluding chapter presents a program for a more ‘contextual’ approach to the application of psychology to arbitration than has been adopted within arbitration scholarship thus far. It specifically examines the area of Contextual Behavioral Science (CBS), which focuses on the ‘act in context’, treating behaviour as inseparable from the circumstances that surround it. Such a context-sensitive approach allows new light to be shed on the psychology of arbitration, while also unifying the existing literature within a new epistemic framework that offers the advantage of not only predicting but also of potentially influencing the behaviour of interest in arbitration. While psychology can be applied to arbitration in many ways, the chapter focuses on arbitrator reasoning. It addresses the professional context of arbitration, scrutinizing how individual conceptions of the role of the arbitrator can influence reasoning. The chapter also considers the social context of arbitration, analysing the relations between the hierarchical character of the arbitration community and the existence of cognitive biases.

scholarly journals Effects of water quality and stocking density on growth performance of juvenile cod (Gadus morhua L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Björnsson ◽  
Sólveig R. Ólafsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract In a 5-month experiment where groups of juvenile cod were reared in a flow-through system at low density (Group 1) and in a recirculating system at low (Group 2) and high densities (Group 3), the recirculated water had negative effects on growth rate, nutritional condition, and mortality. After the first month, mean weight was significantly larger in Group 1 than in the other two groups. The effect of stocking density on mean weight was not significant until the end of the experiment, when densities were 9.0 and 48.3 kg m−3 in Groups 2 and 3, respectively. Initial mean weight of fish was 37.3 g and at the termination of the experiment mean weights were 225.2, 181.8, and 167.9 g in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. After 5 months, mean condition factors were 1.074, 0.965, and 0.946, mean liver indices 9.5, 9.0, and 7.6, and mean mortalities over the course of the experiment were 1.0%, 5.1%, and 2.4% in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Water temperature (10.4–10.6°C), pH (7.2–7.4) and oxygen concentration (8–10 mg l−1) were similar among groups. Concentration of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) was similar among groups for the first half of the experiment (0.3–0.4), but during the last month it was 0.6, 1.3, and 1.5 mg l−1 in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There was a negative correlation (r2 = 0.48, n = 36) between relative growth rate and TAN, suggesting that ammonia may have been a limiting factor in the recirculating system. The apparent threshold limit of TAN for reduced growth was approximately 1 mg l−1.

scholarly journals Effect of parenteral selenium administration on oxidative status of weaned piglets

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-386
Author(s):  
Martin Svoboda ◽  
Zdeněk Fajt ◽  
Jan Vašek ◽  
Jonáš Vaňhara ◽  
Martin Hostovský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Group 1

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of additional selenium injection after weaning on the selenium (Se) status of piglets and to find whether the selected dose would be appropriate with respect to the level of oxidative stress. Another goal was to compare the efficacy and safety of sodium selenite and selenopyran as selenium sources for parenteral administration to piglets. Altogether 30 piglets were divided equally into three groups. Piglets in group 1 were injected i.m. with sodium selenite, piglets in group 2 were injected with selenopyran. The dose was 0.42 mg Se/kg body weight for both groups. Piglets in group 3 were given only saline. As expected, the study revealed low Se serum concentrations in weaned piglets. The injection of sodium selenite increased Se serum concentrations but did not have a positive effect on the peroxidase activities. Administration of selenopyran did not influence Se concentrations and gluthation peroxidase activities. The selected dose did not have a significant impact on the level of the oxidative stress. The piglets receiving Se only from the feed achieved comparable gluthation peroxidase activities during the trial. It seems that despite initially low Se concentrations, the physiological requirements for gluthation peroxidase synthesis were met with the feed consumption as the only Se source. The results of the study are important because until now it was unclear whether the selected dose would have negative effects on the organism with respect to the induction of oxidative stress in piglets.

scholarly journals Interplay between productive traits, the social rank and the cow's stability in the order of entrance to the milking parlour

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
E. Vargas-Bello-Pérez ◽  
J. Bastías-Ruz ◽  
P. Toro-Mujica ◽  
D.L. Teixeira ◽  
D. Enriquez-Hidalgo
Keyword(s):  
Social Rank ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Order Of Entry ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate whether social rank (SR) and stability in the order of entrance to the milking parlour are associated with production traits. The study was conducted on a dairy farm where cows (n = 215) were managed in three groups according to lactation stage (group 1: 78 cows, 0–100 days in milk (DIM); group 2: 65 cows, 101–200 DIM and group 3: 72 cows, >200 DIM). SR was calculated from observations made from agonistic behaviour performed at the water troughs and feed bunks of each pen (n = 3). The animals were classified into three levels of dominance based on at least five clear interactions, resulting in: 61 dominant, 75 intermediate and 69 subordinate cows based on SR. Stability in the order of entry was estimated as the standard deviation of the entry position. SR was weakly correlated with milk yield, urea and protein content in milk. The results showed that stable cows had higher milk production and entered the milking parlour after the non-stable animals. Stability in the order of entry to the milking parlour was not affected by SR. Overall, the use of milking facilities appears to be associated with production traits rather than SR.

Acute vs. chronic effects of elevated hemoglobin O2 affinity on O2 transport in maximal exercise

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle K. Henderson ◽  
Web McCanse ◽  
Tetsuya Urano ◽  
Ichiro Kuwahira ◽  
Richard Clancy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Saturation Pressure ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Extraction Ratio ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Sodium Cyanate ◽  
Group 1

These studies were conducted to compare the effects on systemic O2 transport of chronically vs. acutely increased Hb O2 affinity. O2 transport during maximal normoxic and hypoxic [inspired Po 2(Pi O2 ) = 70 and 55 Torr, respectively] exercise was studied in rats with Hb O2 affinity that was increased chronically by sodium cyanate ( group 1) or acutely by transfusion with blood obtained from cyanate-treated rats ( group 2). Group 3 consisted of normal rats. Hb O2 half-saturation pressure (P50; Torr) during maximal exercise was ∼26 in groups 1 and 2 and ∼46 in group 3. In normoxia, maximal blood O2 convection (T˙o 2 max = cardiac output × arterial blood O2 content) was similar in all groups, whereas in hypoxia T˙o 2 max was significantly higher in groups 1 and 2 than in group 3. Tissue O2 extraction (arteriovenous O2 content/arterial O2 content) was lowest in group 1, intermediate in group 2, and highest in group 3 ( P < 0.05) at all exercise Pi O2 values. In normoxia, maximal O2 utilization (V˙o 2 max) paralleled O2extraction ratio and was lowest in group 1, intermediate in group 2, and highest in group 3( P < 0.05). In hypoxia, the lower O2extraction ratio values of groups 1 and 2 were offset by their higher T˙o 2 max; accordingly, their differences inV˙o 2 max from group 3 were attenuated or reversed. Tissue O2 transfer capacity (V˙o 2 max/mixed venous Po 2) was lowest in group 1 and comparable in groups 2 and 3. We conclude that lowering Hb P50 has opposing effects onT˙o 2 max and O2 extraction ratio, with the relative magnitude of these changes, which varies with Pi O2 , determiningV˙o 2 max. Although the lower O2 extraction ratio of groups 2 vs. 3suggests a decrease in tissue Po 2 diffusion gradient secondary to the low P50, the lower O2extraction ratio of groups 1 vs. 2 suggests additional negative effects of sodium cyanate and/or chronically low Hb P50 on tissue O2 transfer.

scholarly journals Social cognitive performance and different communication settings in groups of children with different disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Carla Cardoso ◽  
Juliana Fernandes Lomba da Rocha ◽  
Catarina Santana Moreira ◽  
Amanda Luz Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Communicative Performance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

PURPOSE: To investigate the social-cognitive performance of children with diagnostics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), mental disability (MD) and hearing impairment (HI) in two different communicative situations. METHODS: Participated in this study 30 children ages between 3 and 12 years starting speech language therapy processes, divided in three groups: Group 1 - ten children with diagnoses included in the Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD); Group 2: ten children diagnosed with mental disabilities (MD) and Group 3: ten children diagnosed with hearing impairment (HI). The subjects were assessed in two different communicative situations (group and individual therapy situation) for 12 months. RESULTS: Data regarding the performance of the three groups in the two situations show that G3 had better absolute performance when compared with other groups, with the variable symbolic play as an important differential criterion for the three groups. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the social-cognitive performance can be used as an auxiliary tool for intervention, helping the identification of variables that could interfere in the communicative performance.

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